Adiantum a gida: girma ba tare da matsaloli ba

Adiantum yana daya daga cikin ferns na yau da kullun da masu girbi ke girma a gida. Openarin buɗe murfin murfi na ganye mai haske mai haske koren ganye, yana gabatar da taɓawa ta "gandun dazuzzuka", da kuma rashin ma'anar kwatancen kulawa - wannan shine kusan dukkanin masu son tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna godiya da shi.

Asali da rarrabawa

Adiantum, ko dabino na gashi, shine da ɗayan kyawawan ferns. A cewar almara, ya bayyana daga gashin Venus da aka jefa a ƙasa - allahn ƙauna da kyakkyawa.

Kuma ba wani daidaituwa ba ne idan aka kwatanta wannan tsiron mai ƙyalƙyali da gashin alloli: furensa, hakika, yayi kama da gashin gashi mai banƙyama.

Wannan tsire-tsire na gidan pteris ne (ferns), ɗayan mafi tsufa a duniya. Kakanninta sun bayyana shekaru miliyan 400 da suka gabata, a cikin Paleozoic, amma har yanzu ana samun wasu daga cikinsu a yankin Kudancin Amurka, wanda ke wakiltar manyan bishiyoyi masu kama da bishiyoyi. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da yawa ana wakiltarsu a duniya, musamman ma yankuna masu ƙarfi da yanki.

Za a iya samun Adiantum a Yammacin Turai da kuma a ƙarshen duwatsun Arewacin Afirka da Asiya ta Tsakiya. A cikin Rasha, wannan shuka yana da kyau a kan sashin Crimea da Caucasus.

Mafi yawan lokuta ana iya ganin shi a wurare masu duhu a gefen koguna, tafkuna, rafi - inda danshi ke ɓoye ƙasa mai gina jiki.

Adiantum cikin sauƙi yana haɓaka tuddai mai wuya saboda ingantaccen rhizome mai ƙarfi

Fern shine tsire-tsire mai rarrafe da ke da kyawawan abubuwa, kamar dai sassaka, ya fita. Babban fasalin su shine rushewar ruwa: lokacin shayarwa, yana gudana a cikin jiragen sama ba tare da goge faranti ba. Saboda wannan mallakar sabon abu, fern ya sami sunansa Adiantum (daga Girkanci "a" - ba, "diaino" - moisten).

Gmentsungiyoyin ganye guda ɗaya, sau da yawa masu siffa-fan, basa wuce 2-3 cm a tsayi

Wannan iska mai laushi, mai taushi ba ta da saukin kai: tana da ƙarancin isa da ƙima a gida.

Iri iri daban-daban

Halittar yana da nau'ikan ɗari biyu. Yawancin lokaci, gashi na gashi yana girma kamar lambun gida, wanda yaji babban a waje kawai a cikin bazara da bazara. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin nau'ikan daji na adiantum za'a iya dasa su a fili. Amma tuna cewa a cikin hunturu har yanzu suna buƙatar samar da ƙarin yanayin mara amfani (matsar da shuka zuwa wuri mai sanyi wanda aka kiyaye shi daga zane-zane). Don haka, shahararrun nau'ikan kulawa da ƙwarewa sune:

• Adantum m: fern tare da cirrus wide m m ganye iri na kore, concave a kasa. An rarraba spores-hoeses a saman ganye.
• Adiantum mai taushi ne: tare da gajeren zangon tushe da ganyayyaki masu bambancin siffofi (m-lobed, weji-mai siffa akan petioles na baƙar fata). Ji yana da kyau a cikin daki mai sanyi, ana amfani da shi don ado. A cikin yanayi, yana zaune a yankin na wurare masu zafi na nahiyar ta Amurka, a kan Mafi Girma da Antarancin Antilles.
• Adiantum finely pubescent, ko m gashi. Lanceolate, ya sassaka ganye, a ƙasa a ɓangarorin biyu, a kan ƙarfi, ƙananan katako tare da bristles. Jayayya akai-akai. Horar da matsayin houseplant. An samo shi a cikin daji a cikin duwatsun na Afirka, a arewacin ɓangaren Indian na ƙasa, a kan tsaunin tuddai na Ostireliya, Madagascar.
• Adiantum kyakkyawa, ko Adiantum formosum, fern ne tare da tushen gurɓataccen tushe da ganyen duhu kore. Petiole na wannan nau'in yana da daskararren yanayi. Spores an fi maida hankali ne akan babban ɓangaren farantin ganye. Yana zaune a tsibirin Tekun Pacific.
• Adiantum-mai siffar salo mai siffa (Adiantum cuneatum) tayi kama da wacce ta gabata, amma tana da sigunan da suka shafi kodan a cikin hudubarta a gefen ganyen. An samo shi akan yankin Kudancin Amurka.
• Adiantum Venus gashi. Mashahuri sosai tsakanin ferns na cikin gida. Har zuwa 70 cm a tsayi, fern tare da creeping dogon rhizome a cikin kunkuntar kunkuntar Sikeli. Ganyen sun kasu kashi biyu, masu bakin ciki, akan petioles masu kama da gashin mata. Jin daɗi yana haskakawa ta cikin jikin bakin ganye. Cikin gida ya girma tare da kara. An bazu ko'ina a gefen Tekun Bahar Rum (a cikin tsaunuka), a Turai, jerin filayen tuddai na Crimea, yankin Amurkawa akan tuddai na Asiya da yawa.
• Pantgoid Adiantum an dauki shi ɗayan kyawawan nau'ikan wannan dabi'ar. Daskararren tsiren tsiro tare da ganye mai pinnate sau biyu a siffar fan. An yi girma a cikin Conservatories, greenhouses.
• Adiantum Ruddy: 'Yan asalin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka. Tana da ganye (45 cm) na ganye mai rarrafe tare da halayyar hakora, kowannensu bai wuce santimita ba. Petioles launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko kusan baki. Adiantum Ruddy ya shahara a cikin ciyawar cikin gida, ana noma iri iri a gida:
  • Victoria Elegans;
  • Fragrantissima (aka Bayarda);
  • Fritz Lithii;
  • Matsakaici.

Hoto na hoto: iri-iri na adiantums

Gashi na Venus a gida: mafi ƙarancin buƙatu

Dukkanin daɗin daɗaɗɗiyar ita ce rashin bayyanarsa, ba mai ɗaukar hankali bane, amma duk da haka yana buƙatar aƙalla yanayi ƙanƙani (af, suna iri ɗaya ne ga duk yanayi).

Tebur: Yanayin Adiantum

Canzawa da saukowa adiantum

Lokacin dasa shuki fure, yana da daraja bayar da fifiko ga tukunyar yumɓu: ya fi wuce iska da ake buƙata ta asalinsu. Ana zuba magudanar ruwa a kan 1/3 na tukunya, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa na musamman da aka yi nufin ferns. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan cakuda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan abubuwa na turf ko humidu humus, peat da kyakkyawan sandstone.

An dasa fure mafi girma bayan shekaru 2-3 daga dasa, zai fi dacewa a lokacin bazara. Dangane da lura da kwararrun 'yan lambu, adiantum ke tsiro mafi kyau a cikin m jita-jita: Tushen an clamped, ba sa yin girma da yawa, don haka ƙarfafa ganye girma. Lokacin dasawa, yakamata a cire Tushen, a hankali, ba tare da cutar da masu lafiya ba.

Bidiyo: saukar da mataki na mataki-na gashi

Kula sosai

Wannan kyakkyawan fern baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye. Hasken rana mai haske a ƙarancin zafi shine babban dalilin ƙonewar ganye. Daidai ne - inuwa m, kuma a cikin lokacin dumi akwai wurin da yafi dacewa da adda na adunum shine loggia wanda aka kiyaye daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ya kamata a kiyaye zazzabi 15⁰-20⁰. A lokacin rani, babu sama da 22⁰. Adiantum kuma yana fama da rashin haƙuri ga zayyana da hayakin sigari. Da kyau, idan yanayin zafi koyaushe al'ada ne, in ba haka ba dabarun ganyayyaki sukan fara rawaya.

Ragama na ruwa da kuma kayan miya

Ferns sun fi son yin ruwa na yau da kullun, amma ba za a zuba shuka ba. A cikin hunturu, saboda dumama a yawancin tsire-tsire na gida, ganyayyaki sun fara bushewa, saboda haka zaku iya zuba ruwa kadan a cikin kwanon.

Zai fi kyau yin ruwa da ruwa mai laushi, zai fi dacewa narke ko ruwan sama, in ya yiwu.

Galina

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Wannan inji kuma fi son babban zafi: shi wajibi ne don lokaci-lokaci feshi ganye daga SPRAY kwalban da ruwa zauna. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin zamani a lokacin rani da bazara. Kuna iya samun kayan ado na fern a cikin shagunan musamman.

Gudun ruwa

Adiantum baya fure. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a zamanin da, lokacin da ferns na farko ya bayyana, babu tsire-tsire masu kwari da kwari da ke sanya su. Wayarwar tana faruwa ta hanyar ɓarnatattun abubuwa, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkanin abin da ke cikin kwari. Rikice-rikice sun yi birgima sararin nisa, saboda wannan yanki na rarraba ferns yana da faɗi sosai.

Zai yuwu a tantance nau'in adiantum ta hanyar spore maturation zone

Lokacin hutawa

A cikin hunturu, lokacin ɓoye ya tashi, kamar yadda ake samu da tsire-tsire masu yawa. A wannan lokacin, ana rage ruwa zuwa 1 a kowace mako.

Cutar da kwari

Tare da duk rashin daidaituwa na dangi na ferns, adiantums (idan ba'a lura da ruwa, haske, da ciyarwa ba) na iya cutar da kwari kwari. Ofaya daga cikin alamun farko na cututtukan gashi na asali shine busasshen ganye ko rawaya (baƙar fata) na ganyayyaki da aka sassaka, haka ma, tsire-tsire ba tare da an rage ganyayyaki ba ko kuma ya fara bushewa.

Karka taɓa riƙe adiantum a cikin daftarin aiki!

Kwayar cuta ta shafi shuka idan:

• wani yanayin yanar gizo mai halayyar ya bayyana a bayan ganyayyaki, ganye na curls (gizo-gizo gizo);
• a kan akwati da ganye zaka iya ganin ƙananan kwari masu launin kore tare da fuka-fuki (aphids);
• mazauna kananan kwari masu launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a jikin akwati (sikelin kwari);
• a cikin ganyayyaki farin shafi, mai kama da gari, tsirrai ya zama mai dushi, m (mealybug).

Abubuwan da ke haifar da kwari da cututtuka, har ma da hanyoyi don kawar da su, ana iya samun su a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.

Tebur: Fan hana cutar cuta

Bidiyo: game da kulawar da ba daidai ba ta adiantum da farko

Kiwo

Adiantum yana yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba tushe. Cire kowane lalataccen / busasshen Tushen saboda shuka daga baya ya girma sosai kuma ba ya ciwo. Dole ne a kula sosai don kar a lalata inji, tushen wuyanta, don a tabbatar da isasshen iska a jikinta, kar a shuka tsiro mai zurfi a ƙasa.

A cikin karamin rami, dasa wani sashi na adiantum tare da tushe, yayyafa shi da ƙasa, ba a matsa sosai ba, kar a manta da danshi. Lokacin da kake zaɓar wuri don tsire-tsire masu dasawa, ba zaɓi ga inuwa m. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, tuna game da shayarwa. Bayan mako guda, ya kamata a ciyar da adiantum tare da takin zamani.

Dole ne kawai a dasa yaduwar tsire-tsire ta hanyar rarraba tushe, amma idan aikin bai yi nasara ba, zaku iya rasa shuka na uwar

Zaku iya girma adiantum daga spores. Amma tsari yana cin lokaci sosai:

1. Ya kamata a tattara matattun duhu da ke bayan takardar a cikin jakar lilin ko a takarda.
2. Zuba tsaba da ka a cikin tukunya da aka shirya da ƙasa, yayyafa ƙasa da ƙasa.
3. Danshi.
4. Rufe tare da filastik ko gilashi.
5. Kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa, ya kamata a jika shi.
6. Zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance shekara 20⁰-22⁰C.
7. Bayan makonni 2-3, harbe na farko zai bayyana a cikin ƙananan ƙananan harbe.
8. Jira har sai sun girma, ƙirƙirar duk yanayin zama dole, thinning da seedling.
   

   Haɗin rayuwar adiantum ya haɗa da canji na asexual da jima'i

Duk nau'ikan adiantum na cikin gida mara misalai ne, idan ka bi saukakkun bukatun: zazzabi madaidaiciya, matsakaici matsakaici da inuwa m. Idan ana kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwargwado, wannan fern zai faranta wa masu shi rai na dogon lokaci tare da ƙoshin ciyawar fure mai launi na emerald.