Gooseberries a cikin gidajen Aljannar Rasha - ɗayan shahararrun Berry bushes, saboda 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da amfani sosai. Amma ɗayan daji, komai yawan 'ya'yan itace, ba zai iya samar da ɗabi'ar gaba ɗaya ba. Don samun morean ƙarin, ba lallai ba ne don zuwa gandun daji. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙirƙirar gooseberries, har ma da fararen lambu na iya yin duk hanyoyin da suka zama dole.
Mafi lokaci don asali gooseberries
Don kiwon gooseberries, duka bazara da damina sun dace. Ya fi dacewa ya dogara da hanyar da aka zaɓa.
Ina so in kiyaye mafi kyawun ciyawa na bushes, amma har ma da tsufa-yasha tsufa ba zai iya tsawan zamani zuwa ƙarshensa ba, saboda haka zaku sami amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin shuka shuka
Ana ɗaukar fararen daga daji a farkon bazara. Za'a haɗu da hanya tare da pruning na gaba. Yana da mahimmanci kasancewa cikin lokaci kafin shuka ya fara lokacin ciyayi. Idan ganye ganye ya juya ya zama kore "cones" ko ma fiye da haka buɗewa - ya yi latti. Yakamata suyi kadan kadan. Suma ana shuka su da wuri. Wajibi ne a jira har ƙasa ta cika gaba ɗaya a zurfin 8-10 cm, wannan ya isa sosai. A cikin yankuna masu zafi, wannan yakan faru ne a tsakiyar watan Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Hakanan akwai alamun alamun amintattun mutane, waɗanda za a iya jagorantar su cikin sauƙin - rawaya ganye akan birches ko dandelions waɗanda suka fara fure.
Green cuttings ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin Yuni, lignified - a tsakiyar Oktoba. A farkon magana, babu buƙatar samun kayan shuka a gaba. Kuna iya yanke su a rana ɗaya ko kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin saukowa.
Za'a iya aiwatar da rabo na daji a cikin bazara da kaka. Babban abu shine sassan sa suna da lokaci don sauka a cikin sabon wuri. Sabili da haka, lokacin daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa farkon Oktoba ya dace sosai da yankunan kudu masu ɗumi. A wurin, hunturu yawanci yana zuwa daidai da kalanda, saboda haka zaku iya zama mafi ƙaranci ko sureasa da tabbacin cewa akalla watanni biyu suka rage kafin sanyi na farko. Don raba daji a cikin kaka, lallai ne a jira “ganuwar ganye”. Itataccen tsire-tsire ba zai yarda da hanya ba da azaba.
A cikin bazara, an raba bushes guzberi a yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi. A lokacin bazara, suna sarrafawa don daidaitawa da sabon yanayin rayuwa kuma suna shirya yadda ya kamata don hunturu. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar kama kumburin koda. Ba a ɗan "tashi shi" daji maida martani ga hanya da yawa m.
Janar shawarwari
Zaɓin wani takamaiman hanyar yaduwa na gooseberries ya dogara da dalilai da yawa - shekarun daji daga inda aka karɓi kayan dasawa, kasancewar ɗan shekaru ɗaya - ko shekaru biyu na harbe a kanta, adadin da ake so na seedlings a nan gaba. A kowane hali, shuka mai bayarwa dole ne ya kasance cikakke lafiya, ba tare da alamar alamar lalacewa ta hanyar fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kwari masu cutarwa.
A bu mai kyau don fara shiri don kiwo a ƙarshen bazara. Ya kamata a kula da daji da aka zaɓa musamman a hankali. Hanyoyin cikakken zama dole a gare shi sune tsabtacewa da tsabtacewa, shayarwa na yau da kullun, aikace-aikacen da suka dace na takin zamani, rigakafin kwari da ci gaban cututtuka.
Ko da ta hanyar hanyar kiwo, zababben daji wanda aka samo kayan dasa dole ne ya zama cikakke lafiya
Tare da wuri don dasa shuki na gaba seedlings, kai ma kuna buƙatar yanke shawara a gaba. Kamar sauran albarkatun gona da yawa, gooseberries suna son zafi da hasken rana. Rashin rashi raunin da ya shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano na berries. Daidai da dace da gooseberries shine bude tudu (daga can a cikin hunturu kusan duk dusar ƙanƙara na dusar ƙanƙara, kare tushen daga daskarewa), da rami (a cikin bazara mai narkewa ba ya barin dogon, da sauran lokaci - sanyi, iska mai laushi). Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine yanki mai buɗewa, a wani ɗan nesa daga inda akwai shinge, gini, tsari, sauran shingen da ke kare shi daga arewa daga iska mai sanyi. Al'adar ba ta da alaƙa da haɓaka ƙasa.
Don dasa shuki gooseberries, zaɓi wani wurin buɗewa inda bushes ɗin zai sami isasshen zafi da hasken rana
An shirya rami na dasa shuki kimanin kwanaki 15-18 kafin tsarin da aka gabatar. Girman madogara shine 45-50 cm a zurfi da 50-60 cm a diamita. Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa bushes a lokaci guda, nisa tsakanin su an ƙaddarasu gwargwadon yadda ƙaramar tsirrai suke, ko, a taƙaice, iko, mai ƙarfi. A matsakaici, 70-80 cm tsakanin bushes da 150-180 cm tsakanin layuka ya isa. Zai fi kyau dasa su a cikin tsarin kayan duba domin kada su ɓoye junan su.
An shirya rami na saukowa don girke-girken tumatir da aka shirya a gaba, lallai takin ƙasa
Babban 15-20 cm na ƙasa da aka fitar daga ramin (shi ne mafi yawan haihuwa) an haɗe shi da takin mai magani. Isasshen 10-15 l na humus ko takin rotted, kazalika da 100-120 g na superphosphate mai sauƙi da 80-100 g na potassium sulfate. Na ƙarshen za'a iya maye gurbin ta da katako mai itace - kusan lita ɗaya da rabi.
Bidiyo: gabaɗaya dabaru da dabaru
Hanyar sakewa da umarnin mataki-mataki-mataki tare da hotuna
Babu ɗayan hanyoyin da za'a iya haifar da gooseberries wani abu mai rikitarwa, har ma don lambu mai novice. Koyaya, kowannensu yana da nasa abubuwan, wanda kuke buƙatar sanin kanku da gaba.
Yankan
Guzberi cuttings iya zama kore ko lignified. Tsohon, kamar yadda aikace-aikacen al'adu ya nuna, ɗauki tushen sauri da sauri, musamman idan aka zo ga nau'ikan da ba su da asali ga al'adar "yanayi" (Polonaise, Consul, Co-Operator). Amma ana iya dasa shuki daga lignified cuttings zuwa zangon dindindin tuni a cikin bazara, kuma waɗanda daga kore zasu iya zama "girma" bazara mai zuwa.
Lokacin girbi na kayan guzberi ya dogara da nau'in su - kore ko lignified
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi kayan girbi shine sanyin safiya ko maraice a cikin Yuni ko farkon Yuli. Matsakaicin tsinkaye na kore kore shine 8-14 cm, ana buƙatar buds girma. A saman harba ko kuma yanke gaba daya sprig shekara ta fi kyau kafe. Daji "mai bayarwa" daji bai kamata ya girmi shekaru 4-5 ba. An yi ƙananan yankan a wani kusurwa kaɗan, babba yana madaidaiciya, 7-10 mm sama da ƙodan ƙarshe.
An yanka gishirin kore idan an san shi da sassafe, ko kuma bayan faɗuwar rana - a wannan lokacin an lura da matsakaicin taro na abinci da danshi a cikin kyallen
Ganyen kore kore wannan hanyar:
- Duk faranti na ganye, ban da na biyu ko uku na babba, ana yanke su daga dunƙen ba tare da taɓa petiole ba. Yayi dogon haske tare da reza ko zare ko a kan cinyoyin da ke hannun, wani 2-3 daga cikinsu ana yi ne a gindin hannun.
- Partarshen ɓangaren rassan da aka yanke ana nutsar da sa'o'i 8-10 a cikin mafita daga tushen abin ƙarfafa da aka shirya bisa ga umarnin (Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Zircon).
- Containersan ƙananan kwantena suna cike da cakuda peat crumbs da m yashi (aƙalla daidai gwargwado), substrate yana da kyau moistened. Idan babu sarari a cikin takin zamani ko kananzir, zaku iya tono rami mai zurfi, cike shi da ƙasa ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, tsakanin tsaran ya bar 5 cm, tsakanin layuka - 7-8 cm.
- An dasa yankan ta hanyar zurfafawa daga 2-2.5 cm a wani kusurwa na kimanin 45º zuwa saman ƙasa. Wadanda ke cikin kwantena an rufe su da jakunkuna na filastik don samar da zafi mai zafi (85-90%). An kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na iska a matakin 25-27ºС, substrate - 20-22ºС. An zubar da ƙasa lokaci-lokaci daga gun feshi; yakamata ya kasance da danshi a koyaushe.
A abin da ake bukata kafun don dasa kore guzberi cuttings ne babban iska zafi da m watering
- An rufe yankan daga hasken rana kai tsaye ta rassan ko farin kayan rufewar da aka shimfiɗa su. Hakanan zaka iya fesa gilashin kore a cikin wannan wurin tare da maganin ruwan lemun tsami a cikin ruwa.
Idan babu sarari a cikin gidan shinkafa, za'a iya ƙirƙirar microclimate da ya dace don kore guzberi kore a gida
- A karkashin yanayi mafi kyau, yankuna ya kamata ya ba da tushe a cikin kwanaki 10-12. Bayan haka, suna buƙatar ciyar da su ta hanyar fesawa tare da bayani na takin ƙasa mai narkewa tare da sinadarin nitrogen (Nitrofoska, Diammofoska, Azofoska) - 15-20 g a lita 10 na ruwa. Manyan riguna na ci gaba a cikin kullun, a lokacin kaka, ana juyar da seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Idan tushenku ba su ci gaba ba, zaku iya jinkirta wannan hanyar har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Yawancin tsire-tsire da aka dasa a lokacin bazara suna sarrafa ƙarfi don ƙarfin tsira daga saukowa a cikin ƙasa
By lignified cuttings, mafi yawan irin guzberi na gida zaɓi ba su asali sosai da yarda. Amma wannan hanyar ya dace sosai ga ƙasashen waje, da farko samfuran matasan Arewacin Amurka.
Dasa dasa guzberi cuttings a wani kwana ta da ci gaban tushen tsarin da sabon a kaikaice harbe
Dasa kayan suna yankan daga harbe-harbe a ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba, lokacin da daji ya rasa ganye. Saman reshe shine mafi kyawun tushe. Kada su yi tsawo - 15-17 cm ya isa.
- An sare cutukan a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu ko, in ya yiwu, a ajiye a kan glacier. Idan kana da cellar ko ginshiki, zaka iya yin daban. Dasa kayan bayan yankan an saka shi tsawon watanni 1.5-2 a cikin akwatuna tare da yashi, rigar gaba daya. Lokacin da halayyar “xarfin” ta bayyana a wurin yankan (wanda ake kira da callus ta nerds), ana cire su don ajiyar kaya, an rufe su da ɗanɗano ko shasha.
- A shekara mai zuwa, a watan Mayu, ana dasa su a wani lungu a cikin maɓuɓɓugar da ke cike da ƙasa mai daɗin ciyawa har ɗaya ko biyu buds ya kasance sama da ƙasa. Nisa tsakanin yanki na kusa shine 10-12 cm.
- Isasa tana daɗaɗɗa lokacin da ruwan yake tunawa - an mulched da sawdust, peat crumb, humus (wani yanki na wannan kauri wanda ba a iya ganin peranan) ko kuma sun rufe gado tare da fim ɗin baƙar fata.
- Lokacin da aka samo tushe, an cire tsari. Kula da su a lokacin bazara yana shayarwa, kwance ƙasa, ƙawance da gadaje. Kowane kwanaki 15-20 ana shayar da ruwa mai diluted a gwargwado na 1:10 tare da jiko na sabo saniya taki ko nettle ganye, dandelions. A cikin fall, ana haifar da ƙarancin seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Don yin hukunci ko lignified guzberi cuttings sun riƙi tushe, wanda zai iya yin hukunci da bayyanar sabon ganye
A cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi, za a iya dasa 'yan' dasa nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. An haɗa su ta hanyar dam, an juye su kuma an binne su a cikin rami da aka tono da kusan 40-50 cm. Saboda wannan tsiron, an hana haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka, kuma ana saɗaɗa sabbin tushen, akasin haka, ƙasa ta ɗora da sauri daga sama. An rufe rami tare da yankan tare da peat ko humus (wani lokacin farin ciki mai zurfi na cm cm 10 cm), an rufe shi da fim mai yawa. A cikin bazara, ana shuka su ne a cikin lambu daidai kamar yadda ake lanignified cuttings.
Baya ga "gargajiya" hanyar dasa lignified guzberi cuttings (hoto a ƙasa), akwai wani zaɓi (hoto a sama), amma ya dace kawai ga yankuna tare da injin mai tsananin dumi
Akwai abin da ake kira dayan itacen. Wannan shine reshe na reshe da aka yanke a wurin da koren kore (aƙalla 5 cm tsayi) ya shiga cikin itace tare da mahimmin adana yanki na harbawa, galibi ana cewa da "diddige". Irin wannan kayan dasawa ya dace da yaduwar yawancin nau'in gooseberries, waɗannan ƙananan ba sa buƙatar kiyaye su a cikin greenhouse. Tsawonsa, da ingancin substrate da gumi na iska, ba su da mahimmanci. Suna ba da tushen sosai da sauri a cikin ruwa na yau da kullun, har ma da sauri - a cikin rauni (2-3 ml a kowace lita na ruwa) maganin biostimulant.
Hade da keɓaɓɓu masu dacewa don yaduwar kowane iri da kuma nau'ikan halittar gooseberries, ba tare da la'akari da asalin su ba
Bidiyo: yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Yankasa da gooseberries by layering ita ce hanya mafi mashahuri tsakanin lambu mai son. A wannan yanayin, shuka ba ya fuskantar matsananciyar wahala, kamar lokacin da ake grafting ko rarraba daji. An riga an kafa seedlings tare da tushen tsarin da kansu keɓe daga daji. Yankin yadudduka na iya zama na kwance, a tsaye da arcuate.
A cikin kaka, an samo ganyayyaki daga bishiyar guzberi daga ƙasa kuma an ƙididdige su; suna da ɗan tushen tsarin
Sake yinsa ta hanyar kwance kwance ya fi dacewa da matasa bushes, shekaru 3-4. Daga kowane ɗayansu don lokacin zaka iya samun kwayar 4-7 mai yiwuwa. Uwar daji ta ci gaba da yin 'ya'ya.
- Zabi harbe-harbe masu lafiya na shekara-shekara 3-5. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa tayi dumu dumu, tono rami mai zurfi na 5-7 cm, cika shi tare da cakuda humus da peat crumbs, kuma sanya rassi a cikinsu don cewa tare da tsawon tsawon duka, gami da gindin, suna cikin hulɗa tare da substrate. Don yin wannan, harbe a wurare da yawa an gyara su tare da guda na lanƙwasa waya ko gashin gashi na yau da kullun. Tsage yatsun, yankan 3-4 cm.
- Top harbe ba su rufe ƙasa, da substrate a cikin tare mahara ne kullum kiyaye a cikin m yanayin. An rufe su da ƙasa mai daɗaɗaɗa lokacin da harbe-tsaye a tsaye 4-5 cm suka bayyana.
- Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma zuwa 12-15 cm, suna baza, an rufe su da ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Carearin kulawa ya ƙunshi a cikin ruwa na yau da kullun, hadi tare da nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus da weeding. Idan sun yawaita, a tsakiyar bazara, tsunkule saman maɓallin a kan ganyayyaki 1-2 don motsa ƙwanƙwasa. A cikin matsanancin zafi, yana da kyau a kare matasa tsirrai daga hasken rana kai tsaye ta hanyar rufe su da rassa, da yin barci da hay ko ciyawa.
- A farkon kaka, an cire ƙananan sakamakon daga ƙasa kuma bincika tushen saiti. Wadanda suke da cikakkiyar haɓakawa za'a iya tura su nan da nan zuwa wuri na dindindin. Ragowar girma lokacin bazara mai zuwa, suna tono don hunturu.
Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar kwance a kwance, daji daga abin da aka samo kayan dasawa ya ci gaba da yin 'ya'ya
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar sanya dunkule abubuwa ana yin su gwargwadon tsari iri daya. Babban bambanci shine cewa an kafa reshe kusa da ƙasa a aya ɗaya, a kusan a tsakiya, kuma wannan wuri an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, an shayar da shi sosai. Babban da tushe na harba ya kasance a farfajiya, schch na farko a nesa na 10-15 cm daga wurin gyara reshe.
Hanyar don yaduwar gooseberries tare da arcuate da yadudduka a kwance sun bambanta kaɗan daga juna, zaɓin ya dogara da yawa kuma menene seedlings da kuke son samu
A lokacin bazara, ana iya tabbatar da samun ingirki mai saurin shuka daga keɓaɓɓen filayen. Aka yanke reshen dake hade da itaciyar uwa, an kakkarya wani karamin daji sannan a canza shi zuwa wurin dindindin. Idan aka kwatanta da yaduwa ta hanyar shimfida kwance a kwance na seedlings, an sami kaɗan, amma sun fi yiwuwa, daidaita da sauri zuwa sabon yanayin rayuwa kuma fara bada 'ya'ya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an girbe amfanin gona na farko shekaru biyu bayan dasawa.
Busheshen bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar da ta girmi shekaru 6 zuwa 8 ana yaduwarsu ta hanyar kwance tsinkaye, kayan zamani wanda tuni ya kusa karewa. A cikin wannan shekara da shekara mai zuwa, ba za a iya tsammanin amfanin gona daga gare su ba.
- A farkon bazara, kafin ganye na ganye "farka", duk harbe da suka girmi shekaru 2-3 ana yanke su zuwa matsayin girma. Sauran suna taqaitaccen kashi biyu bisa uku. Wannan hanya tana ƙarfafa zurfin samuwar sababbin rassa.
- Lokacin da matasa harbe suka kai tsawon 12-15 cm, daji ne spudded a kusa da kewaye, cika sabon harbe da ƙasa game da rabi. Duk voids tsakanin su dole ne a cika.
- A lokacin bazara, ana sake sabunta tsaunin tudu sau 3-4 a yayin zubar, sannu a hankali ƙara tsayinta ya kai cm 18-20. Ana buƙatar wadataccen ruwa kafin kowane tsaunin. A cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli, tsunkule fi na shekara-shekara harbe domin su reshe more sosai.
- A lokacin kakar, ciyarwa nan gaba ana ciyar da su sau 2-3, ana zubowa da maganin wadataccen takin ma'adinan ciyayi na bushes. Hakanan ana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun.
- A cikin kaka, suna sheƙa duniya daga daji. Kafe yadudduka rabu da uwar shuka da kuma dasawa zuwa m wuri.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin, sake haifar gooseberries tare da yadudduka na tsaye shine hanya mai ɗaukar lokaci
Akwai kuma wata hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar yin farashi, wanda ya fi dacewa da waɗanda ke girma ƙwayar guzberi ta sayarwa. Daga cikin daji daya zaka iya samun sabbin tsirrai 30.
- A lokacin bazara, a daji wanda zai zama "mai ba da gudummawa", ana yanke duk harbe-harbe, yana barin "kututture" 10-12 cm mai tsayi. Tun da yake wannan yana motsa sabon salo, harbe-harbe da yawa na shekara-shekara suna fitowa a kan kakar. Wasu daga cikin mafi rauni za a iya yanke su zuwa matsayin haɓaka, sauran suna ragu har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
- A tsakiyar Afrilu, duk harbe-harbe, banda na uku ko hudu, wanda ke kusa da tsakiyar daji, an tanƙwara kuma an shimfiɗa shi a baya wanda aka haƙa zurfafa a cikin zurfin 8-10 cm mai zurfi, cike da ƙasa mai ko ƙasa ko humus. Sakamakon "ƙira" yana kama da rana tare da haskoki, yayin da yara suke zana shi.
- An kafa rassan da ke kwance a cikin kwance, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, an shayar da shi da ruwa mai ɗumi yayin da yake bushewa.
- A farkon lokacin bazara, kusan kowane ɗan toho girma a kan harbe harbe ya kamata ba zuriya. Lokacin da suka girma zuwa 12-15 cm, suna yin barcin rabin barci tare da ƙasa mai sauƙi don haɓaka haɓaka tsarin tushen.
- A watan Satumba, dukkan harbe da aka kafa abin da aka kera sun rabu da daji mahaifiyar. Duk tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin ƙananan an kiyaye su.
- Yankunan da ke yadudduka suna zuga shi cikin tukwane na girman da ya dace. Suna hunturu a cikin ginshiki ko cikin cellar, tare da karamin zazzabi tabbatacce da zafi na 65-75%.
- A cikin bazara ana dasa su a cikin greenhouse. Nisa tsakanin bushes ɗin shine kimanin cm 30, tsakanin layuka - 0.5 m. Dole a binne tushen wuyan 3-4 cm fiye da da. Daga kaka, girma layering ya shirya don sauka a wurin dindindin.
Hanya ta ƙarshe tana ba ku damar samun sababbin sababbin 30 daga ɗayan itacen guzberi
Bidiyo: girma sababbin bishiyar guzberi daga sanyaya
Raba Bush
Raba daga daji shine hanya mafi dacewa lokacin da kake buƙatar yaduwar nau'in tsiro guzirin da ba a ɗanɗana ko mai wuya ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin wuraren girma harba, da bushes sa ƙarin tushen. Shekara guda kafin aikin da aka gabatar, duk rassan da suka girmi shekara biyar ana yanke su a kan matsayin girma.
Ba a son shi don raba daji guzberi cikin sassa da yawa, yawanci ana samun sabbin 3-4 daga shuka daya
- Ana tono bushes ɗin guzberi daga ƙasa kuma suka shimfiɗa tushensu, suna raba ƙananan harbe daga tsohuwar "hemp". Tare da wuka mai kaifi, sanitized, ana yanke Tushen, ƙoƙarin rage adadin raunin da ya faru.
- Yanka da aka yi don hana ci gaban rot da sauran cututtuka ana yin fure tare da alli, ƙirar itace, ƙamshin itacen ɓawon, cinnamon. Kowane sashi dole ne ya kasance yana da tsarin tushen haɓaka da akalla harbe uku.
- Tushen ana lubricated tare da cakuda yumɓu foda da kuma maganin kowane irin maganin rayuwa. Cikakken taro a daidaito yana kama da lokacin farin ciki mai tsami.
- Don haka ake samun seedlingsan itacen da aka shuka a cikin ramuka na dasa shuki a baya kuma an shayar da shi sosai (lita 15 na ruwa). A ƙasa ne mulched, da samuwa harbe suna taqaitaccen da na uku na tsawon. Idan an gudanar da rabo a kaka, shiri don hunturu ya kamata ya mai da hankali sosai.
Bidiyo masu alaƙa
Sauran hanyoyin
Baya ga waɗanda aka bayyana, akwai wasu hanyoyi na inganta gooseberries, amma don maƙasudi ɗaya ko wata maƙasudin dalilai ba su da mashahuri tare da lambu mai son.
Noma
Hanyar masana galibi na amfani da wannan hanyar ne yayin da ake kiwon sabbin iri, amma ba wanda ya hana shukar gidan mai son yin wannan. Sakamakon zai zama wanda ba a iya faɗi shi ba - bushes saboda haka ya sami matukar wuya gaji ire-iren halaye na ƙwayar iyaye.
Tsarin guzberi ana shuka shi ta hanyar kwararru masu shayarwa; wannan wata hanya ce mai rikitarwa wacce take ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa.
- Don samun tsaba, zaɓi zaɓaɓɓun tumatir da yawa. Ganyen yana rabuwa da fata kuma an bushe shi tsawon kwanaki a hasken rana kai tsaye.
- An dasa kayan dasa a cikin kwantena na ɗakin kwana cike da yashi mai kazanta, mai zurfi ta 2-3 cm. Don hunturu, ana ajiye su a cikin cellar ko ginin ƙasa ko an binne su a yankin zuwa zurfin 40-50 cm, an yayyafa shi da ƙwanƙwaran peat daga sama (kauri Layer 15-20) cm).
- A farkon Afrilu, ana shuka tsaba a cikin kora ko ƙasa, an rufe shi da humus ko peat. Kauri Layer - 2-3 cm.
- 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace tare da ganye na gaske ko biyu ko uku suna canjawa zuwa gadaje a cikin iska. A lokacin bazara, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kai a kai, sako, kuma ƙasa tana kwance a hankali.
- A farkon kaka, tsire-tsire (dole ne su kai girman 15-20 cm) ana watsa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa a cikin ramuka da aka riga an shirya.
Yaduwa da perennial rassan
Ana samun kayan daskarewa lokacin rigakafin tsufa, ceton daji daga dukkanin harbe ya fi shekaru 5-6.
Tabbas bazai zama ƙarancin dasa kayan lokacin haifuwa na gooseberries tare da rassan perennial ba - an kafa shi mai yawa bayan pruning na gaba
- Rassanan da aka yanke suna kwance a sarari a cikin tsinkayyar tsayi (5-6 cm), yana barin saman (haɓakar kakar karshe) akan farfajiya, an rufe shi da ƙasa mai ƙyalli.
- Tsunko saman, cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin 2-3 na ciki. A kullum ana sa danshi. A lokacin kakar, ana shayar da harba sau 2-3 tare da maganin Nitrofoski ko Azofoski (5-7 g / l) don haɓaka haɓakar taro mai kore.
- A cikin kaka, tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kai girman 15-18 cm ana canza su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Lessarancin lokacin bazara mai zuwa ya girma a cikin greenhouse ko a gonar.
Alurar riga kafi
Hanyar tana da rikitarwa, sabili da haka ana yin ta ne kawai ta hanyar masana lambu. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi kawai a kan wani daji na guzberi na daban-daban iri; a wasu al'adu, da dasa yana ɗaukar tushen talauci.
An yi maganin Gooseberries ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kusan a kowane lokaci akan bushes na daban-daban, kodayake wasu masu sana'a zasu iya cimma sakamakon da ake so yayin alurar riga kafi akan currants da yoshta
- Yankin da aka zaɓa azaman scion an tsaftace shi da ganye da ƙaya kuma a yanka wani yanki ya rage tsawon cm 5-5 tare da ci uku zuwa huɗu. An yanke sarewa a wani kusurwa na kusan 60º.
- An yi rago a cikin sifar harafin T tare da zurfin 1-1.5 mm a cikin haushi na harba-ta hanyar daskararru ko reza.
- An lalata haɗin kan jari da scion tare da maganin 2% na sulphate jan ƙarfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux, an smeared a cikin nau'in lambun a yawancin yadudduka. Bayan watanni 1-2, tsari ya kamata ya fara tushe kuma zai fara samar da sabon ganye.
Maganar ingantacciyar rayuwar bishiyar shuki itace shekaru 8-10. Koda gwani na tsufa da tsufa ba shi iya mika shi. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar kulawa da musanya daidai gwargwado. Kowane ɗayan hanyoyin da aka bayyana don yaduwar gooseberries ya dace da wannan. Yawancinsu masu tsire-tsire ne, kuma tsirrai da ake samu ta wannan hanyar suna riƙe da halaye masu ɗimbin yawa na daji mai bayarwa.
