Zhigulevskoe - marigayi apples gwada

Apple-itacen Zhigulevskoye - sanannun sanannun sanannen Rasha ne. Wadanda ba su saba da shi ba za su zama masu ban sha'awa da amfani don koyo game da halayensa masu kyau, da kuma raunin wannan fannoni. Za mu gaya muku inda kuma yadda za ku shuka wannan itacen apple mai ban sha'awa, ta yaya kuma lokacin amfani da amfanin gona.

Bayanin apple iri-iri Zhigulevskoe

An kawo karshen wannan nau'in abincin kaka-kaka a shekarar 1936 a tashar gwajin kayan lambu ta Kuibyshev ta hanyar tsallake wasu nau'ikan biyu - tsohuwar Borovinka ta Rasha da kuma Wagner ta Amurka (ire-iren wadannan bashin da ta kasa jurewa). Tun daga 1949, yana cikin gwaji iri-iri na jihohi, kuma a cikin 1965 an yi rajista a cikin Rijista ta Jiha kuma an yi shi a cikin yankuna shida:

• Tsakiya;
• Tsakiyar Black Duniya;
• Arewacin Caucasian;
• Tsakiyar Volzhsky;
• Volarshen Volzhsky;
• Gabas Siberian (a tsari mai tsabta).

A iri-iri ne tartsatsi a tsakiyar layi. Yana da waɗannan kaddarorin:

• Itace na matsakaici ko girma, mai saurin girma. A kambi ne translucent, in mun gwada da wuya, fadi sosai pyramidal, wani lokacin zagaye. An ɗora kodan halittar jini akan rassan da coils.
• Harbe suna da kauri, madaidaiciya, launin ruwan kasa.
• Pobegoobrazovanie low.
• Yana blooms da wuri, saboda abin da hadarin lalacewar 'ya'yan itacen buds ta hanyar dawo ba frosts fitar.
• Hardness na hunturu daga iri-iri bai isa ba.
• A cewar jihar Register, ganye suna shafar scab, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu rauni. Amma VNIISPK (Cibiyar Nazarin Russianwararrun Russianasa ta Rasha don ofaukar Croa Croan Faruitan )a )an) ta nuna rigakafi ga scab da mummunan shan wahala ta ƙarni na biyu na ƙwayar apple.
• Balaga da wuri. Fruiting yana farawa shekaru 5-6 bayan alurar riga kafi akan jari da dasa shuki a gonar.
• Game da ikon cin gashin kansa na iri-iri, ba a sami bayani a maɓuɓɓuka na asali ba. Wasu majiyoyi sun ba da rahoton isar da kai na Zhigulevsky kuma suna ba da shawarar a shuka iri iri domin samar da pollinator:
  • Kuibyshevskoe;
  • Anise launin toka;
  • Antonovka talakawa ne;
  • Spartak
  • Kutuzovets da sauransu.
• Yawan aiki yana da girma. Itace mai girma ya kawo a cikin nasara shekara ta 200-250 kilogiram. A lokacin matashi, yawan 'ya'yan itace yana shekara-shekara, kuma tare da shekaru ya zama lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci.
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na kyawawan halaye suna da halaye masu zuwa:
  • Manyan girma dabam - matsakaicin apple sun kai 120-200 g, kuma samfuran mutum ɗaya sun kai 350 g.
  • Siffar ta zagaye, maras kyau, wani lokacin tare da kananan rigar tubercles.
  • Fata yana da santsi, mai ƙarfi. Babban launi yana da rawaya tare da haske mai walƙiya mai launin ja-ja wanda yake rufe kusan duka saman apple. Kuma akwai wasu maganganu masu kyau mara kyau, masu zurfin fahimta.
    

    Mutane daya-daya kofe na apples na Zhigulevskoye iri-iri kai 350 g

  • A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m, mai yawa, m. Tana da launi mai tsami, mai daɗi mai kyau da dandano mai tsami da ƙamshin mai daɗin halayyar.
• M cirewa yana faruwa a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun isa cikar balaguro makonni 2-3 bayan girbi. Ana adana apples da cinyewa na watanni biyu zuwa uku har zuwa Disamba (wani lokacin har sai Janairu).

Tebur: halayyar itacen apple na Zhigulevskoe ya danganta da nau'in kayan jari

Saukowa

Ana shuka ƙwayar zhigulevskoe apple bisa ga ka'idodin al'ada don wannan al'ada. Babu fasalulluka a cikin wannan tsari da ake buƙata iri-iri. Saboda haka, a takaice kuma mataki-mataki muna tunatar da novel lambu da oda na dasa bishiyar apple:

1. Zabi lokacin sauka. Don yankuna na Kudancin tare da ruwan sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara mai zafi, lokacin dasa ya fi dacewa a ƙarshen kaka - bayan ƙarshen ya kwarara ruwan itace (lokacin da ganyayyaki suka faɗi) kuma shuka ya huta. Amma kafin farkon sanyi, makonni 3-4 ya kamata ya kasance. A cikin wurare masu sanyi, ana shuka bishiyoyi a farkon bazara, lokacin da tsire-tsire ba su farka ba kuma ba su yi girma ba.
2. Nemo wuri mafi kyau duka ga itacen apple na gaba. Dole ne ya cika waɗannan buƙatu:
   • Kasancewa a kan karamar gangara ta kudu ko kudu maso yamma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. An yarda da zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa akalla mita 2-3.
   • Landsarancin ƙasa, kwari ko makamantansu a inda iska mai sanyi zata iya tsayawa ba su dace ba.
   • Yana da kyau a samu kariyar yanayi game da iska mai sanyi a arewa maso gabas a cikin tsari kamar shinge, itace mai kauri, ganuwar ginin. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, a karon farko matasa tsire-tsire yakamata su gina irin wannan kariyar ta hanyar shigar da garkuwar da aka rurrushe daga sanduna da plywood. Hakanan zaka iya rufe tsire-tsire don hunturu tare da spanbond.
   • A kasar gona ya kamata da sako-sako da tsari da kuma tsaka tsaki acidity. Mafi kyawun pH shine 6.5-7.
3. Makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin a dasa shuki, an shirya rami saukar sauka. Game da dasa shuki, an shirya rami a ƙarshen kaka. Don yin wannan:
   1. Tono rami 0.7-0.8 m zurfi da 0.8-1 m a diamita.
   2. Dutse wanda aka yi wa laka, da tsakuwa, yumɓu masu yumɓu da makamantansu irin su don shiryawa magudanar ruwa an aza su a ƙasa. Kafinta shine 10-15 cm.
   3. Sun cika ramin da ƙasa mai dausayi, wadda aka shirya ta haɗuwa da ƙasa baƙi, peat, humus da yashi, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai suke da daidai.
4. A ranar dasa, Tushen seedling an yayyafa shi cikin ruwa tsawon awanni 3-4.
5. A tsakiyar ramin saukowa, an shirya rami irin waɗannan girma cewa tushen dutsen seedling ya dace da shi, kuma ya samar da karamin tarko a ciki.
6. An saukar da dutsen seeding a cikin rami domin tushen wuyansa ya zauna a saman ƙwanƙwasa, sai aka baza tushen daga gangara.
7. Sun cika ramin tare da ƙasar da aka cire daga gare ta, a hankali suna haɗa shi. Yayin dasa, ka tabbata cewa tushen wuyan ƙarshe yana a matakin ƙasa ko kuma ya ɗaga da ɗanɗano (3-4 cm).
   

   Tabbatar cewa tushen wuya na seedling ba ya zurfi

8. Kusa da seedlingsan itacen, an girka matattarar ƙasa tare da diamita na ramin don riƙe ruwa yayin ban ruwa.
9. Shayar da shuka da ruwa da yawa har sai da'irar gangar jikin ta cika. Bayan an sha ruwan, ana sake maimaita aikin sau 1-2. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar ƙasa ga tushen kuma, sakamakon haka, rayuwa mafi kyau.
10. Sun cika kasar gona da dunƙule na ciyawa (a cikin ingancinta zaka iya amfani da humus, peat, tsiren fure, da sauransu) tare da kauri 5-10 cm.
11. Yanke saman seedling a tsawo na 0.8-1 m daga ƙasa. Idan akwai rassa, to akwai buƙatar a yanka su rabi.
    

    Bayan dasa, yanke saman seedling a tsayi 0.8-1 m daga ƙasa

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

Kamar dasa, kula da apple Zhigulevskoye ba ya bambanta ta kowace hanya. Gabaɗaya ba shi da ma'ana, amma lokacin girma ya kamata ya fi kulawa da al'amura biyu.

Kirkirar kafa

Tunda nau'ikan suna da ƙarfin girma sosai, sun samar da itacen apple a kan iri ko a tsakiyar tushen amfani da tsarin ƙirar nasara tare da jinkirin ci gaba. Irin wannan halitta an dade da sanin da masaniyar yawancin lambu.

Itace Apple akan dwarf da root -cks dwarf rootstocks, wanda aka girma akan trellises, suna kama da dabino ko dabinan dabino.

A cikin yanayin mawuyacin hali na Siberiya, ana amfani da rikicewar rawanin kambi na itatuwan apple.

Hoton Hoto: Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tree na Apple

Tsari daga sanyi

Frostarancin juriya mai sanyi na nau'ikan ya sa ya zama dole ga lambu a yankuna masu sanyi don amfani da ƙarin matakan kare tsire-tsire daga sanyi. Idan itacen apple ya girma a cikin tsari, to, don hunturu yana da sauƙi sauƙin rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara, cinya, cinya ganye ko kayan rufewa. Za'a iya ɗaukar bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin girma tare da spanbond, rassan da aka riga an ɗaure su ko kuma a yi masu manyan fayiloli na musamman da kayan kayan aikin riga sun jawo.

Za'a iya lullube ƙananan bishiyoyi tare da spanbond, tun da farko an haɗa rassan

Wata hanyar da za a iya kare itace daga daskarewa ita ce, kafin a dasa shuki a itacen apple wanda aka liƙa a kan tushen daskararre mai tsafta a irin wannan tsayi da cewa grafting site ya fi matsayin dusar ƙanƙara na yankin.

Cututtuka da kwari - rigakafi da sarrafawa

Ganin ba da rikice-rikice game da rigakafin iri-iri zuwa cututtuka da kwari, yana da daraja aƙalla aiwatar da matakan rigakafin al'ada:

• A cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar duk ganye da ya faɗi kuma ku ƙone idan akwai tuhuma game da kamuwa da cuta. Idan babu irin wannan haɗarin, to ana iya amfani da ganyen don adana bishiyoyi ko gangar jikin bishiya.
• Bayan tattara ganyen, sun tono ƙasa a kusa da bishiyoyin tare da zamewar yadudduka. Idan kayi haka kafin farkon sanyi, to, kwari da kwayayen da aka ɗaga a cikin ƙasa cewa hunturu a cikin ƙasa zai mutu daga sanyi.
• A lokaci guda, ana murɗa gangar jikin rassan da lokacin farin ciki tare da turmi mai lemun tsami ko zanen lambu na musamman. Wannan zai hana haushi itace daga kunar rana a jiki da sanyi.
• A farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da nunannun ba su kumbura ba, ya kamata a aiwatar da maganin kawar da magungunan kashe qwari mai kwari. DNOC, Nitrafen, 5% bayani na sulfate jan karfe yawanci ana amfani dasu.

Idan gano asalin scab din da aka bayyana a cikin bayanin Bayanan jihar, ana buƙatar magani tare da fungicides (antifungal kwayoyi). A matsayinka na mai mulki, yi spraying uku:

1. Kafin fure.
2. Nan da nan bayan fure.
3. 7-10 kwana na biyu.

Kuna iya bada shawarar amfani da shahararrun magunguna - Chorus, Strobi, Abiga-Peak da sauransu Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da yaƙar scab a kan itacen apple.

Preventionarin rigakafin asu codling da sauran kwari ba a buƙatar idan mai lambu ya bi shawarwarin da aka ambata a kan cututtukan. Za ka iya ƙara da su kawai shigarwa na farauta belts a kan itace tsaya a farkon lokacin bazara, wanda zai hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga daban-daban larvae, tururuwa, beetles, da dai sauransu.

A cikin ɗakina na bazara, don dalilai na rigakafin, a cikin bazara na ciyar da spraying uku na rawanin bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, gami da bishiyoyin apple tare da tukunyar tukunya na Horus da Decis (magani a kan kwari). Ina supplementara wannan jiyya ta hanyar fesawa a lokacin rani tare da Phytosporin-M biofungicide, wanda a lokaci guda yake azaman karin asalin abin da ke sa maye, tunda yana da sinadarin humic acid a cikin abun da ke ciki. Tazara tsakanin makonni 2-3, ba a iyakance adadinsu ba. A miyagun ƙwayoyi ne cikakken hadari ga mutane da dabbobi - 'ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya ci nan da nan bayan aiki. Don sarrafa kwari, Ina amfani da bioinsecticides kamar Iskra-Bio da Fitoverm. Kuma kawai a cikin matsanancin halaye na shiga sunadarai. Amma, Dole ne in faɗi hakan, tare da kiyaye matakan kariya, irin waɗannan shari'o'in suna da matuƙar wuya.

'Yan lambu suna bita game da iri-iri

Yuri, Zhigulevsky yana da pea fruitsan peculiar. Suna nan kamar a cikin "warts" da tubercles. A cikin Bryansk iri-iri, kamar yadda ka sani, saman shimfidar wuri ne ko kusan lebur. Dukansu nau'ikan suna da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa 250-300 g. Bugu da ƙari, apples na Zhigulevskoye iri-iri yayin ajiya suna inganta ɗanɗano zuwa “zuma”. Zhigulevskoe ripens a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Satumba. Wanne ne da ɗan daga baya Bryansk iri-iri. Daganan yayi dabam kuma yana da tsawo. Da kyau, gardama ta ƙarshe Bryansk kusan ba a gama gari ba ne a cikin kewayen, kuma Zhigulevskoye shine nau'in da aka saba anan.

Mahimmanci

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Re: Zhigulevskoe

Yuri, ban mamaki iri-iri don dandana. Kamar yadda na tuna, a wasu yankuna, shine babban masana'antar masana'antu. Crohn ke da wuya. Nau'in kayan yaji mai narkewa. Apples suna da girma, suna da kasuwa sosai. Ulangare, bayan wata na ajiya, kyakkyawan kayan zaki. Abin da ya ce, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari samu cikakke ripeness a tsakiyar Nuwamba, amma ba a ajiye na dogon lokaci. Wannan nau'in bazara ne na kaka da yawa. Na karanta wani wuri cewa babu wani abu a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen da ke da alhakin adana' ya'yan itacen. Saboda haka, ana adana iri-iri mafi kyau har zuwa Sabuwar Shekara kuma ba lokacin hunturu bane. A zahiri, iri-iri suna da babbar matsala guda. Ba hunturu ba ne. Wato, tsananin lokacin sanyi, har a gida, matsakaici ne kawai. A ganina, m fiye da iri-iri Bryansk. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ban sha'awa cewa kafin shigar fruiting, iri-iri na nuna halin hunturu-Hardy, amma bayan shekara mai sa'a, tana daɗaɗa ƙwayar cuta sosai. Ina zargin cewa itacen apple ba shi da lokacin shirya don hunturu. Tun da m ripeness daga cikin 'ya'yan itace na faruwa quite marigayi. Abubuwan hawa da wuraren da rassan kwarangwal suka bar suna lalata mummunan ramuka na sanyi.

Mahimmanci

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Zhigulevskoe shi ma ya kasance a wannan gida guda. Fargaba kyakkyawa manyan jan 'ya'yan itace da mai rawaya mai haske. Yadda za a baje kolin! M, m. Amma itaciyar dole ne a kafa, saboda tana son bayar da rassa tare da kusurwa mai mahimmanci, tashi tare da hutu daga (Ina maimaitawa) amfanin gona mai yawa. Yana taba sanyi.

Natali_R

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Tsohon tsufa na Rasha tare da mahaifin Amurka ba ya rasa ƙasa a lokacinmu. Babban asararsa (juriya sanyi mai sanyi) ba ta wuce duk fa'idodin. Yana iyakance iyakokin yiwuwar namowa. Kuma idan yanayin yankin ya ba da izinin yin wannan, to, an ba da shawarar iri-iri don narkar da abubuwan biyu don amfanin kansa da kuma dalilai na kasuwanci a yanayin aikin lambu.