Turai plum Opal ba sanannu bane ga masu lambu a Rasha. Babu wani bayani game da ita a cikin Rijistar Jiha. Amma ire-iren suna da ban sha'awa, don haka bari mu san shi tare da lambu waɗanda ke fuskantar zaɓin zaɓin da ya dace don rukunin lambun.
Tarihi da halayyar varietal na opal plum
Kamar mutane da yawa Turai iri, wani wajen tsohon plum iri-iri Opal na Yaren mutanen Sweden zaɓi ba a cikin Jihar Rajista na Rasha Federation. Ketare ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan Renkloda Ulena da Farkon Kyautata, masu shayarwa sun sanya kansu aikin samun wani nau'in tsiro mai tsayayye sosai don namo kan ƙarancin ƙasa a cikin tsaunukan canjin yanayin. Kuma dole ne in faɗi cewa sun yi nasara, ko da yake a cikin sanyi zuwa ƙasa -30 ° C itaciyar a wasu lokatai, duk da haka, tana murmurewa da sauri. Yankin yana da rigakafi ga manyan cututtukan fungal; ba a sami wani bayani game da matsayin kwayar kwaro ba. Duk da cewa iri-iri ba yankuna ba ne, ana iya yanke hukunci game da wuraren da za'a shuka iri. Samu gandun daji wanda ke ba da ƙwayar cuta ta Opal a cikin yankin Moscow (Yegoryevsky gandun daji), da kuma sake dubawa na lambu a cikin yankin na Moscow da ke girma da wannan iri-iri. Daga wannan zamu iya yanke shawara mai ma'ana cewa plal plum zai iya girma ya kuma ba da 'ya'ya a tsakiyar layi. Ba a sami wani bayani game da haƙuri kan nau'o'in iri ba.
Itacen ya juya ya zama tsayi-tsayi, har tsayin mita uku. Gwaninta yana da zagaye, babba-conical, mai yawa. Plum Opal, wanda aka liƙa akan seedlingsan itacen ceri ceri, yana fara fitar da itace a shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki, an kuma manne shi akan Wangeheim na Hongeriyan a shekara ta biyu. Farkon fure - yawanci furanni suna tashi daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu.
Opal plum blooms da wuri, tun kafin ganye su buɗe.
Haka kuma, 'ya'yan itacen da yake fitowa a cikin ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. Ana dage farawa daga furanni a kan girma shekara-shekara da rassan branchesan itace. Yawan aiki iri-iri ne matsakaici da rashin daidaituwa. A cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, daga bishiya daya ake karba daga kilo 30 zuwa 65 na 'ya'yan itace. Haka kuma, tare da wadataccen mai yawa, 'ya'yan itacen sunada karami, dandano nasu ya ragu.
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen opal suna da ɗan ƙarami - matsakaicin nauyinsu shine gram 20-23, kuma matsakaicin nauyi ya kai gram 30-32. Tsarin su yana zagaye da bayyane na ciki na ciki. Fata na bakin ciki ne, amma da wuya ka raba. A cikin yanayin girma, yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-kore, kuma a lokacin cikakken balaga ya zama fitila mai haske-ja kuma wasu lokuta tare da ganyen orange. A saman akwai launin toka maiɗar launin toka.
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen opal suna da ɗan ƙarami - matsakaicin nauyinsu shine gram 20-23, kuma matsakaicin nauyi ya kai gram 30-32
A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, fibrous, amma sosai m. Launinta launin rawaya ne na shuɗi. Dutse karami ne, yana rabuwa da kyau daga gangar jikin. Tastean itacen ɗanɗano yana da daɗi, tare da ɗan ɗimbin acidity da ƙanshin ƙamshi mai kamshi. Yawan dandano mai dandano - maki 4.5. Tare da babban zafi a lokacin ripening, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari yiwuwa ga fatattaka. Kudin 'ya'yan itatuwa yana da kyau, amma rayuwar rayuwar su, kamar sauran nau'in bazara, ya yi kadan - an adana su a cikin firiji don ba su wuce makonni biyu ba. Dalilin iri-iri na duniya ne.
Opal-takin kansa na araha yayi yawa - ana iya girma ba tare da pollinators ba. Haka kuma, shi da kansa mai kyakkyawan aikin pollinator ne saboda nau'ikan plums da yawa (alal misali, ga Bluefrey, Shugaba, Stanley da sauransu). Amma an lura cewa a gaban nau'in plum Pavlovskaya da Scarlet Dawn, da ceri plum Soneika, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin fruitsan itacen Opal haɓaka.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Kyakyawan halayen Opal plum sune:
- High hunturu hardiness.
- Resistance na fungal cututtuka.
- Karamin itace.
- Rashin daidaituwa a barin.
- Balaga da wuri.
- Haihuwa.
- A iri ne mai kyau pollinator.
- M kayan zaki da ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- Dalilin duniya.
- Kyakkyawan jigilar kaya.
A korau bangarorin da iri ne kuma ba:
- Rashin daidaituwa fruiting.
- Ppingan fruitsyan itãcen duringya duringyan itace a lokacin girbi amfanin gona.
- Tendency to crack a karkashin babban zafi.
- Rayuwa takaitaccen tsari.
Dasa irin nau'in plum Opal
Idan mai gonar ya riga ya dasa plums, to tare da Opal iri-iri ba zai sami matsaloli ba game da wannan. Duk ka'idojin da ya bi lokacin saukarwa suna aiki a wannan yanayin. Kuna iya mai da hankali ga wasu abubuwan lambobi waɗanda suka fi mahimmanci ga wannan plum:
- Tunda ire-iren wasu lokuta sukan daskare, yana da kyau a sanya shi a ƙananan rami na kudu ko kudu maso yamma tare da kariya ta dabi'a daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa. A cikin farkon shekarun bayan dasa shuki, yakamata a dasa shingaye na matasa don hunturu, musamman a arewacin yankuna na tsakiyar layin.
Lokacin dasa shuki a kusa da shinge, zai yi azaman kariya ta halitta daga iska mai sanyi.
- Lokacin saukarwa, ya kamata a yi amfani da shirin 3x4 m (jere jerawa - 3 m, jere jeri - 4 m).
- Kada ku dasa a wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika koguna.
A saukowa tsari kanta ne na hali, za mu bayyana shi a takaicce:
- A cikin kaka, sun sayi seedlings (ana adana su har sai lokacin bazara a cikin ƙasa ko a haƙa su a cikin ƙasa) kuma suna shirya ramuka dasa zurfin da diamita na 70-90 cm, cike da ƙasa mai dausayi. An sanya shi daga chernozem, peat, kwayoyin halitta (humus ko takin) da yashi, an ɗauka daidai gwargwado.
- A farkon bazara, lokacin da buds a jikin bishiyoyi ke fara juyawa (wannan yana nuna farkon ya kwarara ruwan itace), sun fara shuka.
- A bu mai kyau zuwa jiƙa tushen seedlings kafin dasa shuki na sa'o'i biyu zuwa uku a ruwa. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya ƙara abubuwan haɓaka haɓakawa da tushen tushe, alal misali, Kornevin, Epin, Zircon, da dai sauransu.
- A cikin ramin saukowa, an kafa rami tare da tuddai a tsakiyar, yana mai da hankali kan girman tushen tsarin seedling. Kuma har ila yau, ana fitar da katako na katako a cikin 10-12 cm daga tsakiya don m garter na seedling zuwa gare shi.
A cikin rami na dasawa, an kafa rami tare da tuddai a tsakiyar, yana mai da hankali kan girman tushen tsarin seedling, kuma ana fitar da gungumen katako a cikin 10-12 cm daga cibiyar don garter na seedling.
- An shuka wata itaciya, tana hutawa tushen wuyanta a saman ƙwanƙwasa kuma shimfiɗa tushen sa tare da dutsen.
- Cika rami tare da ƙasa, yayin ɗauka a hankali. Suna lura da wurin da tushen wuyan wuyan wuyansa - bai kamata a binne shi ba. Zai fi kyau bar shi 2-5 cm sama da ƙasa, saboda cewa bayan rushewar ƙasa ya kasance a matakin ƙasa.
Tushen seedling an rufe shi da ƙasa mai daɗi, tabbata cewa tushen wuyansa yana a matakin ƙasa
- Ana amfani da murɗa ƙura a dadda ruwa a kusa da ganga tare da masara.
- Da yawa ruwa da seedling.
- Kara yana gajarta zuwa 80-100 cm sama da kasar gona.
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Kamar dasa, kula da Opal sink ba ya buƙatar ƙwararrun dabaru ko dabaru. Anan ga wasu 'yan shawarwari da zasu taimaka wajen bunkasa itace mai kyau da kuma girbi mai kyau:
- A cikin lokacin bushewa, ya kamata a shayar da plum aƙalla sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a mako, tabbatar da danshi na dindindin na ƙasa zuwa zurfin 25-35 cm.
- Kwanaki 20-30 kafin 'ya'yan itacen su tsiro (kusan daga farkon Yuli), ana hana ruwa don hana fashewar fata.
- Mafi kyawun kambi mai dacewa shine a cikin kwano ko zube.
- Tunda iri-iri na iya zama kambam ga kambin, kowace shekara a cikin bazara tana buƙatar sai an fitar da shi ta hanyar share giciye, da kuma girma a ciki, harbe da fi.
Tunda Opal plum iri-iri yana iya zama lokacin ɗaukar kambinsa, yana buƙatar a fitar da shi a shekara duk lokacin bazara
- Idan an kafa adadin ƙwayar wuce kima a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, yakamata a aiwatar da cire kadan daga cikin su.
Dukkan shawarwarin da ke sama don kulawa da nau'ikan plum na Opal an tsara su don namo a cikin layin tsakiyar, ciki har da cikin kewayen gari.
Cututtuka da kwari: manyan nau'ikan da hanyoyin magance matsalar
Tunda ba a ambaci yiwuwar nau'ikan don kai harin na kwari masu cutarwa ba a cikin bayanan, za a iya ɗauka cewa wannan mahimmancin ba shi da mahimmanci. Kuma an ba da cewa iri-iri ne masu tsayayya wa cututtukan fungal, yana yiwuwa a shuka shi ba tare da amfani da sinadarai ba, tabbatar da tsabtace muhalli na samfuran. Don guje wa matsalolin da za su iya faruwa a wannan batun, ya kamata ku bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji don aiwatar da matakan kariya don tsirrai. A takaice, wannan shine:
- Tarin tattarawa da cirewa daga inda ganyen ya fadi.
Dole ne a tattara ganye kuma a cire su daga shafin
- Yin tono ko hatsi a kusa da tsire-tsire a ƙarshen kaka zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm.
- Fushin fari na kayan kwalliya da kuma lokacin farin ciki har da wani sinadarin lemun tsami mai kwalliya, wanda aka kara 3% jan karfe na tagulla.
Itace kututture a cikin kaka ya kamata a yayyafa da slaked lemun tsami bayani
- Tsabtace tsabtace na kambi (yankan cututtukan cututtukan fata, bushe da harbe masu lalacewa).
- Don dalilai na rigakafin, yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da magani tare da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu marasa lahani - Fitoverm, Fitosporin, Iskra-Bio, da dai sauransu Ana amfani da su daidai da umarnin da aka haɗe.
Amfani da samfuran kariyar tsire-tsire kariya ne kawai a lokuta na takamaiman kamuwa da cuta ko a cikin harin kwaro.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
A bayyane yake, saboda ƙananan shahararrun nau'ikan, akwai kusan babu sake dubawa game da shi a kan tattaunawar.
Opal dole ne a grafted cikin kambi na hunturu-Hardy plum, guda Tula baki.
Amateur, Yankin Moscow
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A Opal, 'ya'yan itacen suna da matukar kyau tare da musamman, sabanin wani ɗan dandano. Amma Opal ce mafi wahalar bugawa fiye da sauran maki a cikin VSTISP, har ma a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar a baya (2006). G. Eremin yayi magana game da wannan a lacca na karshe a MOIP.
Tamara, Moscow
//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=562&start=30
Zai yiwu mazauna yankuna na kudancin kudanci zaɓi sababbin nau'ikan zamani da "ci gaba". Amma a tsakiyar layi da yankin Moscow, Opal plum ya dace sosai don haɓaka, saboda yana da disadvantarfin raunin da ake samu fiye da fa'idodi. Zai iya zama babban ƙari ga wasu, nau'in daga baya, yayin da yake kasancewa kyakkyawan pollinator a gare su.
