A cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu yawa da sunan akwai "kyakkyawa". Amma wannan ba kasafai ake magana da kalmar "gandun daji" ba, saboda, a matsayinka na mai mulki, bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace sune sakamakon aikin mai saurin shayarwa. Wani lokaci sa'a ta fado, sannan kuma pear ta fito daga cikin daji tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda suka cancanci ƙwararrun masu fasahar Dutch, da kuma gasa da dandano tare da nau'in kiwo.
Asalin kyawawan gandun daji
Mutane suna ta tarawa tun zamanin da. Koyaya, yana da wahala a ɗauka cewa a cikin gandun daji, ban da berries da namomin kaza, akwai kuma itacen pear tare da manyan fruitsan .an itace. Tarihi ya adana sunan Flemish, wanda sama da shekara ɗari biyu da suka wuce ya jawo hankulan shuka mai ban mamaki, da kuma mai shayarwa, ta wurin ƙoƙarin da iri-iri suka bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Amma mafi mahimmanci, Pekin Forest Beauty ya juya ya zama mace mai shekaru da yawa kuma yana ci gaba da mamakin masu lambu da masu binciken har zuwa yanzu.
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Ba a sanya shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha ba. Rarraba a wasu ƙasashe na tsohuwar Soviet Union: Asiya ta Tsakiya, Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine, Estonia, girma a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha - a arewacin Caucasus da yankin Volga. Duk da cewa yanayin a duk waɗannan yankuna ya bambanta sosai, Kyawun dajin ya ɗauki tushe kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya. Sirrin shine tsaurin sanyi. Itace ya iya jure sanyi a ƙasa 45game daC. Har ila yau ana nuna juriya ta furen fure, tare da fuskantar tsananin sanyi na sama da 10game daC.
Kyakkyawan gandun daji yana da kambi na pyramidal da kuma rassan dan kadan
Wadannan bishiyoyi suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci. Suna ƙasa da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, amma kuma basu yi girma a cikin yumɓu lãka ba. Lightaunar bangarorin haske. Tare da yawan shagewa, yawan aiki yana wahala. Musamman mawuyacin haɓaka don pears na wannan nau'ikan yana da halayyar a cikin shekaru goma na farko na rayuwa.
Itace mai matsakaici mai tsayi tare da kambi na dalaramram. Harbe suna madaidaiciya, dan kadan suna juyawa. Itace launin ruwan kasa tare da jan launi. Ana iya ganin lentil mai sauƙi a haushi. Ba a bayyana Oblivost sosai ba.
A ganye wasu ƙananan, kore mai haske, tsallake, tare da kwantar da tarzoma a cikin gefuna, wanda aka shimfiɗa a kan dogon petioles na bakin ciki.
Furanni ƙananan, fari da ruwan hoda. Akwai Kadaitaccen ko tattara a cikin inflorescences. Ana lura da mafi yawan adadin furanni akan harbe na shekaru 4-5. Iri-iri wani bangare ne na kai. Dangane da wallafe-wallafen, kusan 70-75% na furanni an saita ba tare da makwabta tare da wasu nau'ikan ba. A gaban pollinators, fruiting ne mafi yawan. Don haɓaka yawan aiki, ana bada shawarar dasa Bessemyanka, Williams, Lyubimitsa Klappa, nau'in Limonka kusa da shi.
Tambayar ita ce ko ya wajaba don samun ingantaccen kayan aiki na Kayan Noma. Samun m, m, ɓangaren litattafan almara, 'ya'yan itãcen wannan pear iri-iri ba za a iya adana na dogon lokaci. An fi cinye sabo. Idan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban suna girma akan rukunin yanar gizon, to tabbas tambayar zata tashi ne game da adanawa ko siyar da samfuran. Bugu da kari, lura da nawa itace, Na zo ga ƙarshe cewa tare da yalwar amfanin gona, da rassan yi yawa mai yawa, suna bukatar a kiyaye, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne sosai karami.
Pear furanni Tsuntsayen daji mai kyau ko aka tattara a cikin inflorescences
Fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari masu launin shuɗi ne, masu launin shuɗi, a gefen rana suna launuka masu haske. Fata na bakin ciki amma mai yawa. Kasusuwa suna da girma sosai. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai haske, m, mau kirim, kusan ba tare da stony inclusions. Dandano yana da jituwa, mai daɗi, tare da m acidity.
Idan kuka tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa kaɗan a farkon fiye da cikakken ripening lokaci, za ka iya dafa musamman kyau candied' ya'yan itãcen marmari. Wannan kayan zaki ne na asali da kuma ado don yin burodin gida. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari dole ne a wanke, peeled da kuma ɗakunan iri, a yanka a cikin yanka na bakin ciki, a sa a cikin kwano, Layer by Layer tare da sukari a cikin rabo 1: 1. Kashegari, an cire yanka, kuma an kawo kwandon tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen a tafasa yayin da yake motsa su. Bayan haka ƙara yanka na pears ga syrup. A hankali a gauraya, a sake a tafasa a kashe a kashe, a rage yanka a cikin syrup. Komai yana buƙatar maimaita sau biyu, kuma a na uku kana buƙatar dafa 'ya'yan itacen akan ƙaramin zafi mai tsawan mintina 15, sannan a fitar da su a saka a colander don magudana syrup. Sannan yada 'ya'yan itatuwa akan busar bushewa. Miyar bushe da aka yayyafa da sukari mai kyau kuma an adana shi.
Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen kusan 120-140 g. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, ƙara girma. Fitar da aminci yana faruwa a cikin rabin na biyu na Agusta. Cikakke pears crumble, don haka ana girbe a cikin zamani balaga fasaha, game da kwana bakwai zuwa goma a baya. A wannan yanayin, ana iya ajiye su don wani makonni 2-3 a cikin wani yanki mai sanyi.
'Ya'yan itaciyar dajin kyau an lullube su da maganganu, kuma an lullube su da wani mawuyacin hali daga rana
Yawan amfanin kananan bishiyoyi har zuwa shekaru ashirin shine 50-100 kg, daga baya yawan zafin ya kara yawa kuma har ya kai shekaru arba'in, ya danganta da yankin, zai iya kaiwa kilo 200 ko fiye. Babu wani lokaci da aka ambata cikin dawowar 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka lura. Akwai dogaro a kan yanayin: a cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin samarwa yana da girma.
Fasali damar:
- babban sanyi juriya na itace da kayan samar da kwari;
- tsawon rai;
- unpretentiousness ga abun da ke ciki na ƙasa.
- yawan aiki;
- m ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- rashin tsinkayen lokaci;
- jituwa mai daɗi da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Alamar Pear Lafiyayyun daji shima yana da. Babban abu shine rashin lafiyar scab. A saboda wannan dalili, masu shayarwa sun fara haɓaka kan sabbin gandun daji da kyau, mafi tsayayya ga scab, nau'in pear don adana kyawawan halaye na ƙwayar uwa.
Sauran rashin nasara:
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fada bayan cikakken ripening;
- ba a adana shi tsawon;
- da babu isasshen haske, yawan amfanin ƙasa ke raguwa.
Koyaya, makasudin karshe ya riga ya zama sanadiyyar fasahar aikin gona da rashin ilimi.
Abin da zai yi girma daga pear mai harba ƙirar daji
A yankuna daban-daban, ana amfani da rigakafin wasan pear-daji ko Quince don haifuwa. Ya danganta da kasuwar jari, farkon itinga ofan ɗan pear mai kyan daji na iya canzawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da sauri akan Quince, da pear, musamman maɗaukakiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, yana haifar da ƙarshen fruiting, tsawon shekaru 7-8. bayan saukowa.
Mene ne hannun jari, wannan shine harbi. Wajibi ne a lalata harbe, musamman bishiyoyi, kamar yadda matasa harbe na pear suna da ƙarfin girma girma.
Dasa nau'in nau'in pear pear
Don wannan pear, lokacin dasa shuki ba shi da mahimmanci, tunda ba ya girma a cikin yankuna na arewacin. Amma wasu yan lambu har yanzu suna zaɓar bazara domin seedlingsan seedlings suna da lokaci don yayi ƙarfi a lokacin bazara. Yankunan rana sun dace da pears. Idan da yawa za'a shuka bishiyoyi da yawa, nisan mita 5-6 ya rage tsakanin tsirrai. Better kai tushen shekara-shekara seedlings ko shekaru biyu.
Don saukowa:
- An shirya rami tare da fadin 80-90 cm, zurfin cm 70. Ganuwar wannan ramin ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau.
Katangar ramin ramin ya zama na araha
- An dasa safwan tare da tushen tushen buɗaɗa a kan ƙwanƙwasa, ana daidaita Tushen, kuma ana sanya waɗanda ke cikin kayan a tsakiyar ramin, suna ƙoƙarin hana tushen wuyan daga zurfafa. Don yin wannan, ƙaddara matakin wurin da yake a gaba.
Yadda za'a tantance tsayi daga wuyan tushe
- Humus, rotted taki an ƙara da ƙasa cakuda. Pear yana son kasa mai haske, zaka iya ƙara yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1. Yi amfani da takin ma'adinai, idan ba Organic. A wannan yanayin, ƙara 60 g na potassium sulfate da 150 g na superphosphate ga ƙasa, Mix da kyau. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya, sun fi dacewa. Sun cika ramin, suna ƙoƙarin barin ɓoye. A ƙasa ne da yawa a matsa, forming wani ban ruwa rami. A gefen kudu na seedling sanya gungumen gungumen azaba da yardar kaina ɗaure da pear. Ruwa mai yalwa, ana kawo guga biyu na ruwa.
Bayan dasawa, ana shuka shayarwa sosai
- Wurin zagaya akwati bayan an shaka ruwa sosai. Wannan yana riƙe danshi kuma yana hana ci gaban sako.
Rufe da'irar gangar jikin yana hana ciwan sako kuma yana riƙe da danshi
A farkon shekarun, suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye tsararren kusa-tsabta tsutsa, ciyawa ko sanya ciyayi a hankali, kuma lokacin da bishiyoyi suka girma, an yarda da tinning.
An rufe da'irar datsa mai yiwuwa cikin bishiyoyi masu girma
A yanar gizo, akwai bidiyo na lokaci-lokaci, marubutan wadanda suke bayar da shawarar zubar da kusoshi mai kauri a cikin rami na dasawa, musamman ga pears da itacen apple. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa ta wannan hanyar ba zai yiwu a ciyar da bishiyoyi da baƙin ƙarfe ba, amma tabbas zai yiwu a rufe shafin. Fesa da pear a farkon bazara tare da bayani na 1% na sulfate baƙin ƙarfe don hana ci gaban scab, muna aiwatar da da'irar gangar jikin tare da ragowar mafita, cika ƙasa da salts na baƙin ƙarfe. A cikin nau'in sulfate, baƙin ƙarfe ya fi dacewa. Bugu da kari, ya kuma isa a taki, kuma a lokaci-lokaci digging da rotted taki a cikin kusa-kara da'irar, za ka iya kashe da yawa tsuntsaye da dutse daya.
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Nan da nan bayan dasa, ana bada shawara ga datsa pear. Tsakanin jagora na gajarta ta hanyar cm cm 10-15 Onlyan leavesan ganye kaɗan masu ƙarfi suka rage, ana nunawa sabanin biyun da aka harbe. All harbe an yanke zuwa na uku a kan m toho.
A nan gaba, lokacin da suke yankan, suna ƙoƙari su cire thickening, girma a ciki ko kuma rassan rassan, ba tare da barin kututture ba. Ana nuna lu'ulu'u ta hanyar girma mai ƙarfi, kuma ingataccen abu ne kawai zai lalata shi.
Amfani da lu'u lu'u na misalai, na fahimci inda misalan nau'ikan suka zo daga labarun almara: kun kawar da kansila ɗaya, uku kuma suna girma a matsayin sa. A cikin shekarar farko bayan mun sayi gida na bazara, kawai mun ji daɗin girbin, ba tare da nuna zurfafa cikin yaya da abin da ke girma ba. A shekara ta gaba, bayan na ƙware da dabarun giringina, sai na yi sauri na share lambun. Itace mafi kyawu, itace mai barin gado ya zama lu'u-lu'u. Ba mu sake ganin girbin da ke cikin shekarar farko ba. Abubuwan da suka fi girma a maimakon ƙananan rassan a ninki biyu, ko ma sau uku, sun sa ka yi tunani mai mahimmanci, ya cancanci taɓawa? Wataƙila ya fi kyau mu iyakance kanmu ga tsabtace tsabtace, tare da cire rassan da suka fashe.
Bidiyo: yadda ake datsa pear
Dole ne ku mai da hankali sosai ga amfanin kayan aikin lambu. Kwanan nan, lokuta na lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta sun zama mafi akai-akai. Sanadin cutar a cikin lamura da yawa shine rashin tsaro, kuma cutar tana kama sabbin tsirrai.
Tushen tushen pear yana da mahimmanci, mai iko, amma kuma yana buƙatar shayarwa, musamman a lokacin saitin furanni da 'ya'yan itace. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don samar da ban ruwa mai cajin ruwa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi.
Cutar da kwari
Daga cututtukan da ke cikin Kayan daji, wanda aka fi sani shine scab. Wannan cuta ce ta fungal. Pears suna musamman shafa shi a cikin ruwa mai sanyi da kuma lokacin canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zazzabi, lokacin da kwanakin zafi ke maye gurbinsu ta hanyar sanyi dare tare da dews mai yawa.
Ganyen huda ta shafawa
Cin nasara ya kama itacen gaba ɗaya. Matasa ta hanyar haihuwa, ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itace da ganyayyaki sun rufe duhu duhu. Girbi yana taɓarɓarewa.
A scab ta buge da wani kwai
Matakan na rigakafin scab:
- Zabi wurin da ya dace don ƙasa. Ya kamata pear ya girma a cikin yanki mai haske. Nisan dake tsakanin bishiyoyi yakai mita 5-6.
- Yankin tsafta na lokaci. Duk an kakkarye, lalace, rassan an cire su.
- Cikakke tsabtace da zuriyar dabbobi.
- Tarin tattarawa da ƙone ganye na faɗuwar rana.
Sau da yawa a farkon lokacin bazara, ana amfani da spraying tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla (ruwa na Bordeaux, maganin 1% na sulfate jan karfe). A lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace wuri, ana amfani da kashe-kashe na tsari da aikin tuntuɓar - Skor. Magungunan ba mai guba bane ga mutane, amma dole ne a yi amfani dashi cikin bin matakan kariya.
Harkar tono a cikin akwati, girbi mai dacewa da cire fruita andan itace da ciyayi daga yankin zuriyar dabbobi ma ma'auni ne na kariya daga kwari da kwari da yawa waɗanda ke barin larvae a cikin ƙasa.
Late pre-hunturu da farkon farkon farawar fari, belts na farauta suna hana yaduwar larvae da kwari da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin haushi.
Matsalar amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ita ce a cikin yaƙar ƙwayoyin kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta mai guba a wasu lokuta waɗanda suke daidai da makamai masu guba.
Mafi kyawun matsayin kariya daga lambun shine fasaha mai inganci:
- Rare saukowa.
- Yankin tsafta na lokaci.
- Isasshen shayarwa.
- Girbi tare da m cirewa da lalata zuriyar dabbobi da foliage.
- Narkar da da'irar akwati.
- Fuskokin fari a cikin kaka da farkon bazara.
- M garkuwa tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla.
Wani lokaci, a cewar masu lambu, har ma da yawan taka tsantsan ba sa haifar da sakamako mai mahimmanci, to yana da daraja a yi tunani game da samo sabbin nau'ikan da aka samo kan tushen Tsarin Gano, mafi tsayayya da lalacewa. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna fuskantar gwaji iri-iri, amma Desertnaya, Dubovskaya Rannaya, Lada, Lyubimitsa Klappa, Mramornaya da Nevelichka an riga an karkatar da su kuma sun shiga cikin rijistar Jiha.
Nasiha
"Kyawun dazuzzuka" - wani nau'i ne na gama gari. Girma ba a arewacin Voronezh ba. Anyi ma'anar kammu cikin kambi na "Tonovotka" (a can akwai irin waɗannan abubuwan gama gari iri-iri na gama-gari). Alurar rigakafin tayi nasarar girma lokacin farin ciki a hannu, yana bada 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru. 'Ya'yan itãcen babba, masu daɗi, a cikin latitude ɗin har yanzu ba su yi girma ba. A cikin farkon hunturu mai zafi (ban iya tunawa daidai, wani wuri a cikin tazara 1977-1981) ya daskare. Da yawa daga baya sunyi kokarin haɓaka shi tare da mu - Sakamakon ya kasance koyaushe daidai yake. PS Na karanta bayanin ire-ire a mahaɗin. Sun yi sintiri a can tare da -45C. Mun daskararre a -36C. Haka kuma, an grafted cikin kambi na sanyi mai sanyi-pear.
volkoff, Cottage a Tula
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=63901
"Kyawun gandun daji" yana girma a cikin iyayena, iyakar yankunan Belgorod da Voronezh, a dacha 40 shekara .... wannan shekara ko na gaba zai rushe daga tsufa ... gangar jikin ta tsage kuma ta fashe. Daga tushen ta girma harbin sabon itace wanda aka shuka iri 4 a ciki pears. Ya dandani mai kyau kamar pear ... amma ba sauran aikin da muke yi.
sailor, Kursk
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=63901
Sannu Na sami kyakkyawan dazuzzuka a kambi na tsuntsu na daji, Na shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace masu kama da sauran ire-iren wannan bishiyar. Amma ba zan ba ku shawara ku dame tare da wannan iri-iri ba. Na dogon lokaci, tun kafin rushewar Tarayyar, Na kalli shirin a talabijin na gida. Marubutan ba su ba da shawarar haɓaka Kayan daji a cikin yanayin Donbass, tunda ba gaskiya bane a yaƙi scab. Na tabbata sun yi gaskiya. Shekaru 1-2 ne kawai cikin 10 ba tare da scab ba. Zai fi kyau maye gurbin shi da wani nau'in iri. Misali, lokacin bazara na Williams ba zai yi muni ba, amma matsalolin sun yi kasa sosai ...
Vitaliy S Starozhil, Donbass, Makeevka
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10599
Re: Kyawun daji
Kuma ina matukar son wannan pear! Ba zan ce ta wani abu ne ya buge ta ba. Fushin jure sanyi yana da kyau, walima yayin da ake bazara mai kyau tayi kyau kuma gabatarwa tayi kyau! Alurar riga kafi a kan wani daji pear.
Creativniy Local, Nikolaev
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10599
Resistance don sanyi, layin 'ya'yan itace na gargajiya, kyakkyawa mai jan hankali da lafiyayyen man shanu-cream mai kyau wanda aka samar da Tsarin Noma tare da jigilar bicentennial a jerin fararen pear. Duk da haka - wannan ba mai rauni ba ne da karimci, mai ba da gudummawa, yana ba da zuriya masu yawa, waɗanda suka gudanar da kula da kansu.
