Alycha Mara - bayanin da kuma namo

Cherry plum Mara aka samo asali ne a Belarus. Ba da daɗewa ba ta ƙaura zuwa Rasha kuma ta sami kwanciyar hankali a duk yankin Turai ta kudu na St. Petersburg. Me ya sa ya faru, abin da kaddarorin iri-iri da ya haddasa ko ya dace da lambu ya shuka shi a shafin - zamuyi kokarin gano shi.

Bayanin sa

Wannan ceri ceri yazo daga Belarus. An ware nau'o'in daban-daban a cikin 1987, kuma a cikin 1999 an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jihohi na Jamhuriyar Belarus. A cikin Rijistar Jiha na Rasha - tun 2002. Yankin Yankin Volga-Vyatka, Yankin Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.

Dangane da VNIISPK (Cibiyar Nazarin Dukkan Rasha don Tsabtace 'Ya'yan itace), itaciyar da ke kusa da Mara tana da tsayi-tsayi, tare da itace mai ƙarfi wanda ke da ƙarau-mai-launin shuɗi-baki. An kambi kambi, yadudduka, yaduwa. Yawancin kambi shine matsakaici.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da iri-iri sune kyawawan yanayin hunturu a cikin dukkanin abubuwan da aka gyara - itace, Tushen, fure-fure - da babban juriya ga cututtukan fungal, gami da kleasterosporiosis. Bayan dasa shuki a kan iri iri, ceri plum ya zama mai amfani har tsawon shekaru 2-3. Lokacin dasawa bisa ga tsarin 5 x 3 mita, ana tattara 35 c / ha kowace shekara. Dangane da Rajista na Jiha, tsawon lokacin girbi yana da matsakaici, kuma bisa ga Cibiyar Binciken Noma ta -asar Rasha, a ƙarshen (Satumba). Kuna hukunta da sake dubawa, yan lambu sun fi dacewa da sabon fasalin.

A iri-iri ne kai infertile, pollinators ake bukata. Mafi kyawun sune ceri plum iri daban-daban Vitba da daji ceri plum. Blossoming daga baya - ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.

Berries ne lebur-zagaye tare da matsakaicin nauyin 22-23 grams. Launin fata launin rawaya ne, ɗaya launi ne kuma mai laushi, nama mai laushi. Dandano mai daɗi ne, mai daɗi ne ko mai daɗi. Kimar ɗanɗano - 4.2 maki (bisa ga VNIISPK - maki 4). Kashi ne karami, yana hade da nama. Daban-daban na duniya manufar. Rayuwar shelf yana da kyau qwarai - a cikin daki mai sanyi an adana berries har zuwa makonni uku.

Yellow ceri plum berries

Cherry plum saukowa

Dasa ceri plum yana samuwa ga farkon mai lambu. Abu na farko da yakamata a yi shine a zabi wuri mafi kyau domin bishiyar nan gaba. Cherry plum Mara itace ne mai tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi, amma baya son iska mai sanyi ta arewa. A wurare da kekantaccen wuri na ruwan karkashin kasa ko fadama, itaciyar ma ba zata yi girma ba. Alycha yana buƙatar rana, iska mai kyau, amma ba tare da zane-zane ba. Dangane da waɗannan buƙatun, zamu iya taƙaita - cherry plum zai fi kyau girma a kan kudu ko kudu maso yamma tare da zurfin abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa. Yana da matuƙar kyawawa don samun kariyar iska a cikin nau'i na bango na tsari, shinge ko itace mai kauri daga arewacin ko gefen arewa. Soilasa tana buƙatar sako-sako tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano acid ɗin.

Ya kamata a dasa shuki a farkon lokacin bazara lokacin da kwararar ruwan itace ke farawa har yanzu tsirrai ba su bar matsayinsu ba. Seedlings tare da rufaffiyar tsarin za a iya dasa a kowane lokaci - daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.

Matakan-mataki-mataki don saukowa cherry plum

Ya kamata a kula da plum Cherry da gaskiya. Kuna buƙatar jagorantar ku da waɗannan dokoki:

1. Fara tare da sayan seedling. Kada kuyi wannan a kasuwannin masu siyarwar da ba a san su ba - sayan seedling a cikin gandun daji zai tsare ku daga abubuwan mamaki. 'Ya'yan itace da ke buɗe tushen tsarin ana girbe su a cikin kaka, tunda a wannan lokacin akwai zaɓi mai yawa. Sun fi son tsirrai ɗaya ko biyu - sun ɗauki tushe mafi kyau, girma da sauri kuma shiga cikin fruiting. Tushen tushen seedling yakamata a inganta shi sosai, Tushen akwai ciyayi, ba tare da cones da haɓaka ba. Idan ganye ya kasance akan shuka, ya kamata a yanke su.
   

   Cherry plum seedlings ya kamata da tushen ci gaba.

2. Har zuwa bazara, ana haƙa seedlings a gonar, bayan tsabtace Tushen a cikin mashin daidai sassan yumɓu da mullein. Sanya itacen a cikin rami da aka shirya. Ya kamata ya kasance mai zurfin ciki, zurfin zurfin cm 30 zuwa 30. Tushen an rufe shi da sandar yashi, ana shayar da shi, to, an rufe ƙasa da karamin tuddai. Idan an adana seedling a cikin ginshiki, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da zazzabi na 0 zuwa +5 ° C.
   

   Har zuwa bazara, an adana seedling a cikin gonar.
3. Yi rami rami a cikin wannan tsari:
   1. Sun tono rami 80x80x80. A lokaci guda, an keɓe ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙasa (idan yana da wadataccen arziki a cikin humus).
   2. A kan ƙasa mai nauyi, magudanar 10-15 cm lokacin farin ciki ya kamata a shimfiɗa a ƙasan ramin .. Saboda wannan, ana amfani da kayan da aka gyara - dutsen da aka fashe, yumɓu mai yumɓu, bulo mai fashewa, da sauransu.
   3. Ramin ya cika da kayan abinci mai narkewa na chernozem, yashi, humus da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Lita 2-3 na itace ash da 300-400 grams na superphosphate. Tunawa tare da fenti ko felu.
   4. Tsarin har sai lokacin bazara tare da kayan rufin ko fim don guje wa leaching na abubuwan gina jiki.
4. A cikin bazara, ana shuka itace a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
   1. Duba seedling. Idan an samo Tushen daskararre ko bushe, yanke tare da keɓaɓɓu.
   2. Ana sanya tushe a cikin ruwa tare da ƙari na tushen haɓaka tushe, alal misali, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Epin, da dai sauransu.
   3. Bayan sa'o'i 2-3, an kafa karamin motsi a cikin rami, wanda a saman sa aka sanya seedling. Tushen suna kan daidaita a tsaye.
      

      A cikin rami da aka shirya akan ƙwanƙwasa, an sanya ceri plum seedling kuma an shirya madaidaiciyar tushen a hankali

   4. Cika ramin da ƙasa a cikin matakai. Kowane Layer an matsa, kulawa kada a lalata tushen sa.
      

      Lokacin da aka cika rami, a hankali rufe kowane zaren

   5. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tushen wuyansa bayan cikawar ruwa da ruwa yana a matakin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, a farkon an sanya shi sama da matakin ƙasa - zai zauna kuma wuyansa zai kasance a madaidaicin tsayi.
   6. Zai yi kyau idan an ɗaure dabbar da keɓaɓɓun kogin da aka yi wa riga kafin haka - zai iya jure iska.
   7. Yin amfani da mai yanke jirgin ko ɗan wutsiya, ana kafa da'irar kusa-tare da diamita na ramin.
   8. Shayar da ƙasa tare da ruwa mai yawa - wannan zai samar da kyakkyawan suturar tushen da kawar da sinadaran iska.
      

      Shayar da ƙasa tare da ruwa mai yawa - wannan zai samar da kyakkyawan suturar tushen da kawar da sinadaran iska
   9. Kashegari, ya kamata a kwance da'irar kusa-kusa da mulched da hay, humus, sunflower husk, da dai sauransu.
   10. Nan da nan ya kamata ka fara samar da kambi na itacen gaba. A saboda wannan, an yanke seedling zuwa girman 60-80 cm, kuma rassan (idan akwai) suna taqaitaccen by 30-40%.

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

Kulawar ƙwayar plum ta ƙunshi daidaitattun ayyukan aikin gona.

Watering da ciyar

Tabbas, kowane itace yana buƙatar shayar da shi. Wannan ba matsala bane. Tuna ka'idodi na takaice:

• Cherry plum watering tazara tsakani sau ɗaya a wata. Treesanananan bishiyoyi na iya buƙatar shayar da su sau da yawa. Amma wanda ya isa ya shirya "fadama" a cikin da'irar kusa - ceri plum baya son wannan.
• Lokacin yin shayarwa, ya kamata ku jagorance ku bisa ga doka - ya kamata ƙasa ta jika ta hanyar santimita 25-30.
• Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe - an kwance shi da mulched.
• A shekara ta uku bayan dasa, sun fara ciyarwa.

Tebur: nau'ikan babban kayan kwalliya na kwalliya da kuma lokacin aikace-aikace

Mai jan tsami

Pinging yana taimakawa wajen kula da itaciyar cikin koshin lafiya, yana bayar da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da tsawon rai. Muhimmin gyaran fuska da daidaita abubuwa.

Kirkirar kafa

Kyakkyawan kambi na kafaffen itace zai ba ku damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa. Lokacin girma plums plums, sparse-tier da-siffar-dimbin yawa siffofin suna gama gari. Latterarshe ya fi dacewa. Yana ba da iska mai kyau da kuma haske na kambi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga karin kuzari da sauri da kuma ƙara yawan abubuwan sukari. Akwai hanyoyi masu sauki da haɓaka na "kwano". Sun bambanta da cewa a farkon lamari kwarangwal kwarangwal suna girma daga tushe a daidai girman su, kuma a karo na biyu suna da tazara tsakanin 15-20 cm. Don filayen ceri waɗanda aka ɗora da manyan haɓaka, ceri ceri ya fi son ingantaccen siffar "kwano".

Matakan-mataki-mataki umarnin samar da kambi:

1. Mataki na farko shine yankan seedling lokacin dasa shuki. Idan ba a yi wannan ba - yanke a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa.
2. Mataki na biyu shine don zaɓar generaan rayayyun mahaɗan huɗa a kan gungumen da ke ƙasa da yanke tare da tazara tsakanin cm cm 10. Zasu kasance masu yawa.
3. Dukkanin buds da ke ƙasa da waɗanda aka zaɓa ya kamata a makanta, kuma rassan (idan akwai) a yanka a cikin "zobe".
4. A cikin shekara ta biyu da ta uku, an kafa harbe 1-2 na tsari na biyu akan kowane reshe kwarangwal a nesa na 50-60 cm daga juna. Ya kamata a taƙaita su da 30-40%, sauran ya kamata a cire.
5. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, goyi bayan tsawon rassan don kada a kusantar da ɗayan gaba. In ba haka ba, irin wannan reshe zai iya ɗaukar matsayin mai jagoran tsakiya, kuma kasancewar sa tare da irin wannan samuwar kada ta kasance.
   

   An kambi kamannin kwano kamar kwano da kyau

Daidaita cropping

Babu kasa da mahimmanci da tsari. Musamman don kambi "tasa", a cikin abin da aka kafa adadi mai yawa a cikin kambi. Don kada suyi kawanya mai kauri fiye da kima - an tsara adadin su. Kowace shekara a cikin bazara, ana yin harbe har da farkon, suna girma da ciki kambi. Dukkanin yanka ana yin su ne ta hanyar “zobe”.

Bidiyo: sarrafa kayan girki

Amfanin gona

Wannan abin da ake kira ke bi. Ku ciyar a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da harbe-harbe matasa ke kara girma. Suna taqaitaccen santimita 10-12. Irin wannan aiki yana tsokanar harbe harbe tare da kirkirar ƙarin furen fure wanda zai ba da girbi a shekara mai zuwa.

Tsabtace tsabtace

Mafi mashahuri da sauki. Ya ƙunshi cire bushe da lalatattun rassan. Suna ciyarwa a ƙarshen kaka kuma, idan ya cancanta, a farkon bazara.

Duk scraps, banda tsabar kudi, dole ne a aiwatar da shi idan babu kwararar ruwan sha. Wannan zai guji guming.

Cutar da kwari

Plwararriyar Cherrywararru da plwaya suna da cuta iri ɗaya da kwari. Babban juriya na ceri plum Mara ga cututtukan fungal da kwari yakamata a cika su ta hanyar tsaftacewa da rigakafin yau da kullun.

Tebur: matakan matakan rigakafin cututtukan cherry plum da kwari

Wataƙila cutar plum

Yana da kyau mutum yayi sanin alamomin cututtukan da ake iya yiwuwa.

Polystigmosis ko tabon ganye mai launin ja

Cutar naman gwari, ta bayyana a bayyanar ja aibobi akan ganyayyaki. Ba da daɗewa ba ganye ya mutu. Berries a kan itacen mara lafiya ya zama babu ɗanɗano. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan ba ya faruwa tare da fesa kullun tare da fungicides a farkon rabin lokacin girma.

Polystigmosis yana farawa tare da bayyanar jan tabo a ganyen ceri plum.

Gummosis ko cutar gum

Yana bayyana akan lalacewar haushi. Ana iya kawar dashi ta tsaftace raunuka zuwa itace mai lafiya, tare da gurɓataccen shara tare da bayani na 1% na sulfate na jan karfe da rufi tare da rufin lambun.

Tare da gummosis, ana fitar da adadin adadin ɗanɗano

Milky shine

Cutar mai haɗari, mai suna saboda alamar abin da ya faru. Ganyayyaki sun zama haske, silvery. Kuma wannan ya riga ya nuna cewa naman gwari ya bazu cikin itace, yana shafar reshe daga ciki. Idan ka sare shi, zaka iya ganin babbar duhu na itace. Ya kamata a yanke rassan da abin ya shafa "cikin zoben", idan duk bishiyar ta kamu, to ya zama za ku yi ban kwana da shi.

Ganyayen haske shine alamar farkon rashin lafiya

Karin kwari

Karin kwari kan kaiwa hari ceri, musamman idan aka yi watsi da matakan kariya.

Plum asu

Larvae na codling asu bayyana daga qwai da malam buɗe ido ya sanya lokacin da ceri plum fure. Ku ci berries daga ciki. Droanyen ɗamarar cakulan na iya bayyana a saman tayin. Lokacin da larvae sun riga sun shiga cikin berries, ya makara sosai don yin gwagwarmaya. Amma zaku iya hana ci gaba da yaduwar kwayar ta hanyar fesawa da kwari, misali, Fufanon, Spark, Spark-Bio, da sauransu.

Plum asu ba ya watsi ceri plum

Plum sawfly

Matar sawfly kuma tana sanya ƙwai a cikin fure-fure. A larvae fitowa daga gare su ci away da buds daga ciki, to, za su iya motsawa har yanzu m fure. Bugu da ari, tsutsa ciyarwa a kan ovaries da berries. Kauda matsalar tare da maganin kashe kwari na yau da kullun.

Tushen plum sawfly tsutsa yana cin ceri plum berries daga ciki

Bunny

Ba kamar waɗancan na baya ba, wannan kwari ne. Amma injin din daya ne. Yana sanya qwai, daga abin da larvae ya bayyana, hawa zuwa cikin ƙwayar plum. Tushen yana cinye - a sakamakon, 'ya'yan itaccan sun fado kafin su isa balaga. Ana iya samun magungunan kashe ƙwari ta hanyar tarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna kuma amfani da tarkon pheromone.

Tunda ganyen ceri plum irin ƙwaro, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da kambi tare da kwari

Sake Gani

Barka da rana, waye ke girma Alycha Mara gaya mana game da hotonta, dandano, sanyi na juriya, shin ya cancanci dasa shi a cikin gidanka?

da kyau kyau. Hakkin daji. Fara da hoto. Da zarar an sace “Gidajen Mordovia” sai aka sanya hotona a jikin alamar sa. A wurin, a kan rassan itace 70cm, an sanya kilogram 8 na 'ya'yan itace. Ya daure igiyar a daidai gwargwado, amma tsananin ya karya dukkan alakar. A abin zamba shi ne cewa hoto ya juya 90 digiri. Ya juya cewa screed, fashe, ya kasance a kwance ... 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da fata mai yawa. Ba kamar sauran iri ba, basa birgewa cikin ruwan sama. Yana farfado da latti, lokacin da sauran kayan ceri sun riga sun huta. A lokaci guda, ceri plum Soneika ('yarta) balaga. Fi girma, amma ƙasa da Hardy. Idan Mara m. zuwa 25-30, sannan Sonya zuwa 35-40g. Tare da cikakken tsufa, yayi kyau sosai. m. Tastean itaciyar inabi. Kashi, da rashin alheri, ba ya rabuwa.

toliam1, St. Petersburg

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Ra'ayoyin game da ceri plum na mara banbancin rufin rufin kwalliyar m?

Fresh a dandano idan aka kwatanta da wasu, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba shakka. Daga rawaya shine mafi kyawun Scythian Gold. Duk abu ne don dandano na, Kyautar St. Petersburg ƙanana ce, mai tsami, Na bar reshe ɗaya don tarin)

plash, Moscow

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/261664/page-14

Dogarowar Maryamu tana da daɗi - kowace shekara tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa duk da tsananin tsaurin yanayi. Kuma dandana, yawancin nau'in cherry plum ya zarce shi. Amma muna cin abinci tare da nishaɗi, ɗanɗano yana innabi, kuma mai daɗi. Skoroplodnaya, kuma, yana da kyau dangane da dogaro. Sweeter fiye da Mara, samun lafiya, da farfasa da wuri.Amma ba na son cewa 'ya'yan itãcen suna zubar sosai a lokacin ripening. Kuma me yasa kuke tsammanin samun rigakafin fruiting ba a farkon 2010 ba? Ko da seedlings na shekaru biyu Maryamu da Skoroplodnaya sun riga sun fara fure. Kuma idan an yi alurar rigakafin a kambi, to, bazara mai zuwa ya kamata 'ya'yan itaciyar farko.

Chamomile13, Mordovia

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Alycha Mara - kyakkyawan zaɓi ga lambu na Tsakiyar layi. Farkon balaga, yawan aiki mai kyau, ɗanɗano mai kyau na berries da unpretentiousness sune ƙoshin da basu dace ba na wannan iri-iri. Flaananan flaws ba su tsoma baki tare da amincewa da shawarar wannan nau'in don namo.