Kayan iri iri na apricot: kayan dasawa da kulawa

An samo nau'in Apricot Dessertny kan aiwatar da aikin zaɓi na niyya, an mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar nau'ikan da suka dace don namo a cikin yankunan tsakiyar Rasha. Tare da lura da dabarun aikin gona na amfanin gona don amfanin apricot a cikin shirye shiryen gida, zaku iya samun girbin girbi na 'ya'yan itaciya mai ƙanshi.

Bayanin kayan zaki na kayan zaki

Mawallafin halittar Desertny iri-iri nasa ne ga A.N. Venyaminov, wanda ya aiwatar da aikin kiwo tare da haɗin gwiwar L.A. Dolmatova a Cibiyar Noma ta Voronezh. An kafa shi ne akan nau'ikan zaɓi na Michurinsky - An ɗauki mafi kyawun Michurinsky da Comrade. Cakuda pollen daga ire-ire ire-iren wadannan an yi safarar apricot daga Yammacin Turai - Louise. Wannan ya haifar da damar haɓaka halayen farko kuma don samun nau'in tsakiyar hunturu-mai daɗin ɗanɗano.

Kayan abinci iri-iri sun kai har 5 m a tsayi

Bishiyoyi har zuwa 5 m masu tsayi suna halin haɓaka mai ƙarfi. Sun samar da kambi mai kauri. Duk da kyakkyawan juriya da sanyi, furanni na iya wahala daga sanyi lokacin sanyi. Fruiting bayan dasa aka lura a kan matsakaita bayan shekaru 4.

Yawan nauyin kayan zaki daya na apricot zai iya kaiwa 30 g

M ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace orange da mai bakin ciki na da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi. Matsakaicin nauyin misalin guda ya kai 30 g. Sun yi haƙuri da sufuri da kyau. Kashin yana lagging. Yana da ƙananan girma da matsakaicin nauyin 2.5 g.

Kayan kayan zaki iri-iri ya riƙe kyawawan kaddarorin wasu apricots. Ya ƙunshi acid - citric, malic, ascorbic. Apricots suna da amfani mai amfani ga aikin zuciya saboda kasancewar potassium a cikinsu. Amfani da su na iya rage taro cholesterol, tunda bagirin yana da pangamic acid, ko bitamin B₁₅. Hakanan, an samo sitaci, inulin, carotene, abubuwa na pectin a cikin abun da ke ciki. Baya ga cin sabo, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen apricot don yin jam, jam, compote.

Apricot "kayan zaki". A cikin sharuddan dandano, a ganina, mafi kyawun da za a iya girma a cikin kewayen gari. Wannan itaciyar ta tsira daga hunturu na 2006, ba shakka, tare da lalacewa, lokacin bazara an dawo dashi kuma har zuwa wannan shekara kowace shekara tare da girbi mai yawa. Rassan a ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona "shimfiɗa" zuwa ƙasa ..., don hana fashewa, dole ne ku yi mating zobe ... ripa ripyan itaciyar sun kasance da wuri, itaciyar tana da lokaci don shirya don hunturu. Abin takaici, wannan shekara ba nasa bane ... wannan bazarar bai ba shi damar bayyana damar sa ba. Wataƙila kuna buƙatar shirya don girbin-girbi na 2015. Abin ban sha'awa shine, ɓangaren kudancin itacen yana girgiza gaba ɗaya, kuma girbi koyaushe yana da yawa fiye da ɗayan bishiyoyin buɗe wa rana. Ina tsammanin wannan ta hanyar fure a kanta yana fara ɗan lokaci kaɗan daga wasu kuma yana faruwa a cikin sharuddan da suka fi dacewa.

Igor Ivanov

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Dasa kayan zaki na Apricot

Lokacin dasa apricot, don samun ingantacciyar rayuwa ta rayuwa, ana aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa.

Kirki zaɓi

Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan dasa abubuwa bisa ga ka'idoji da yawa:

• Tsarin tushen ingantaccen tsari a cikin seedling, ya ƙunshi babba da tushe na 2 ko 3 a kaikaice ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma kusan tsawon 25 cm.
• Kyakkyawan akwati, kasancewar gum smudges ba a yarda da shi ba akan ƙushin sa.
• Kasancewar thickening a kan kara, wanda ke nuna cewa seedling ya wuce aikin rigakafin. Ya fara bada 'ya'ya da sauri kuma yana ba da tabbacin karɓar' ya'yan itatuwa masu dacewa da iri-iri, ba kamar seedlings ba.
• Shekaru seedling, daidai yake da shekaru 2.
• Tsawon ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 1.5 m.
  

  Shekaru seedling ya kamata shekaru 2

Zaɓin shafin

Kayan abincin Apricot yana buƙatar wurin da aka kunna sosai. Wannan itacen ya fi son sako-sako da ƙasa:

• hasken loam;
• yashi loam;
• loess da kyakkyawar tarbiyya.

Kada su zama masu acidic. Mafi kyawun nuna alama shine pH7. A raunana girma na seedlings za a lura a lowlands tare da wuce kima zafi da kuma tara iska mai sanyi. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai kasance don samar da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi, musamman daga arewa.

Harkar saukarwa rami

Don shirya dasa ramuka na apricot farawa a cikin fall. Lokacin yin alamun, a gare su, la'akari da cewa nisan da ke tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama 6 m, kuma a jere - 4 m. Girman ramin an ƙaddara shi da girman tushen tsarin kuma ya haɗa da ƙananan gefe. Mafi sau da yawa, zurfinsa shine 70 cm tare da alamomi iri ɗaya na tsayi da faɗi.

Girman rami na apricot saukowa yana fuskantar daidaituwa game da tsarin tushen sa

Preparationasa shiri

Partangare na sama na ƙasa lokacin da tono rami rami sa daban. Compostara takin da yake rotted da shi - guga ga kowane seedling. Idan ƙasa ta kasance yumɓu, yi yashi. Da rabbai ya zama kusan iri ɗaya. Zuba 30 g na potassium gishiri da g 100 na superphosphate cikin rami guda.

An rufe substrate na ƙasa tare da fim don hana bushewa fita.

Saukowa

A ƙarshen Afrilu, ana dage farawa da laka a maɓallin rami kuma an zubar da ƙasa mai shirya a cikin saƙa. Ana ba da shawarar saplings tare da Tushen bude don awanni 10 a cikin maganin tushen abin ƙarfafa, alal misali, Epina. Tsarma ƙwayoyi daidai da umarnin.

Za a sa wani ɓoyayyen duwatsun a ƙasan rami

An saita seedling a tsaye, ya shimfiɗa tushen, kuma ya cika ɓoye, a hankali ku riƙa yin kowane juzu'i da hannunka. Suna tabbatar da cewa tushen wuyansa ya zama 5 cm sama da saman duniya .. Tunda ƙasa zata kara hada karfi, tushen wucin gadi zai zama matakin ƙasan ƙasa, saboda ba za'a zurfafa shuka sosai ba.

An dasa seedling a tsaye a cikin ramin dasa shuki.

Ayyuka bayan saukowa

An kafa da'irar ban ruwa a farfajiya na ƙasa, zazziyar daɗaɗɗen ƙasa da kewaye. Ana gudanar da ruwa, tare da fatan cewa kowane apricot zaka buƙaci buhu 2 na ruwa. Sa'an nan farfajiya a kusa da akwati ne mulched. Ana jefa fegi a ƙasa kuma an ɗaure shi da apricot.

Dasa a cikin bazara na samar da kyakkyawan daidaitawa ga seedling. Plantungiyar matasa za su sami lokacin da za su yi ƙarfi cikin lokacin bazara-kaka, wanda zai zama tabbacin cin nasarar hunturu.

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

Abun kayan zaki na kayan abinci ya kasance iri ne na irin mutanen da suke da kansu. Koyaya, ana bada shawara don zaɓar pollinator tare da lokacin fure mai dacewa don inganta fruiting. Varietiesarin hunturu-Hardy ya dace da wannan:

• Kidaya;
• Yara
• Kadan.

Abricot na kayan zaki ana iya girma cikin 'yantacce daga tsaba, an ɗauka daga manyan,' ya'yan itaciyar mai kyau.

Apricot za a iya girma daga zuriya

Tsarin aiki

1. Tsabtace suna wanke daga ɓangaren litattafan almara da bushe.
2. Tunda don lokacin shuka ne kasusuwa ke buƙatar wucewa cikin yanayin daidaitawa (bayyanar a wani zazzabi), an shirya masu zanen ruwa wanda aka sa matashin ginin bulo.
3. Tsaba an haɗu da yashi rigar kuma an sanya shi a cikin akwati da aka shirya.
4. Daga sama an rufe shi don kare shi daga rodents, kuma ya sa a cikin ginin. Idan akwai ƙarancin tsaba, an saka su tare da yashi a cikin jakar filastik kuma a ajiye su cikin firiji.

Apricot tsaba hade da rigar yashi kuma jira seedlings

A watan Afrilu, sun tono wani makircin da aka tsara don shuka, suna karawa a cikin 1 m² rabin guga na takin. 50 superphosphate da 30 g na ammonium nitrate da potassium gishiri ma an kara. Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, to, ƙara 60 g na lemun tsami. Tsaba don karɓan tsire-tsire, wanda ake shirin sake kafa su, an sanya su cikin tsagi, nisa tsakanin abin da ya kamata ya zama cm 40. A tazara a cikin tsintsin tsayi kamu 15 cm. A irin wannan yanayin, nisan da ke tsakanin layuka shine cm 50. Yarinya matasa tare da haɓaka ganye na biyar an fesa su da Thiophos. Ana buƙatar ƙasa ta kwance, an cire ciyawa tare da mulched.

Ayyukan kayan zaki na kayan zaki suna haɗa da waɗannan abubuwa:

• A lokacin girma girma dasa sau 3, yin kowane m² Lita 48 na ruwa. A cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi da bushe, yawan ban ruwa ya ƙaru.
• Don samar da kambi, ana yin tsabtace tsabta a cikin shekara a farkon lokacin bazara, cire fashe, busassun rassan da wuce haddi.
• Ana ciyar da bishiyoyi a cikin dace, fara daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a cikin bazara, ana ƙara takin nitrogen. 200 g na urea ko nitrate an watsar a ƙarƙashin kowace itaciya, sannan a shayar da ruwa. Kuna iya maye gurbin takin mai ma'adinai tare da kwayoyin, ɗaukar tsintsayen tsuntsaye, waɗanda aka diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10. A ƙarƙashin kowane itace, ana zuba lita 15 na abubuwan gina jiki. Na biyu bazara miya ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen flowering. A lokaci guda, suna watsuwa a kusa da itaciyar kwalba na ash.
  

  Apricot yana buƙatar pruning na yau da kullun

A lokacin bazara, 2 tbsp. l phosphorus da takin mai magani. A cikin kaka, lokaci guda tare da kwance ƙasa, 125 g na superphosphate 40 g na potassium chloride suna watsuwa a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka.

A ƙarshen kaka, ana yin shirye-shirye don lokacin hunturu:

• Rake ganye. An ba da shawarar a ƙone su, ko da yake mafi yawan lokuta lambu sa tarkace Organic a cikin rami na takin.
• A hankali ka tono da kuma matakan da'irar gangar jikin.
• Yi girki mai tsabta.
• Ana aiwatar da ban ruwa na Prophylactic na kambi ta amfani da, alal misali, ƙwayar fundazole.
• Fusoshin suna bushewa da maganin lemun tsami.
• Zuba wani ciyawa na ciyawa daga peat ko takin da keɓaɓɓun tsiro zuwa cikin da'irar Tumbin kusan 15 cm lokacin farin ciki.
• Matattaka kayan abu ko wasu kayan wuta-suna kunshe shi a cikin tushe na matasa apricots. Kuna iya rufe su da rassan spruce kuma ku rufe su da masana'anta mara tushe. Yawancin bishiyoyi yawanci yawanci hunturu ne a buɗe.
  

  Zai fi kyau mafaka ga wasu matasa masu yin yawo a lokacin hunturu don kare su daga mura

Babban karin kwari da apricot da kuma yaƙar su

Duk da babban juriya na kayan zaki game da kwari, ya zama dole a bincika bishiyoyi akai-akai don kar a ɓoye alamun farko na cutar. Akwai kwari iri-iri iri da zasu iya lalata tsire-tsire:

• Plum asu. Caterpillars, cin abincin ɓangaren litattafan almara, na iya rage 'ya'yan itace. Don magance su, a tsakiyar watan Yuli, ana yin fesa na Entobacterin tare da maida hankali kan kashi 0,5%.
• Takardar Karatun. A cikin bazara, matafila suna ciyar da ganyayyaki matasa da budsan itacen. Fesa da tsire-tsire kafin a buɗe furannin tare da Nitrafen, an narkar da shi zuwa taro na 2%.
• Aphids. Wannan kwaro, tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye, tare da taro mai rauni yana raunana bishiyoyi. Don aiki, Metaphos yana da tasiri a taro na 1.5%.

Taskar Hotunan hoto: Karin kwari

Babban cututtukan apricot da hanyoyin magance su

Daga cikin cututtuka na yau da kullun da aka samo a kan kayan zaki na apricot, ana bambanta nau'ikan masu zuwa:

• Kwayar cuta. A kan wannan cutar ta fungal, a farkon alamar, ana amfani da ruwa Bordeaux - 4%. An yanke rassan da aka lalata kuma ana ƙone su.
• Konewa na wata-wata. Yana bayyana sau da yawa a cikin yanayin sanyi da zafi mai yawa. An baza kambi tare da Topaz, cire duk sassan da aka shafa na shuka.
• Haske launin ruwan kasa. Cutar tana haifar da bushewar ganyayyaki, waɗanda suka fara faɗuwa da wuri. Ana kula da itaciya ta hanyar fesawa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux - 4%.

A matsayin m game da cututtuka, tsabtace lokaci na ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, rassan. Manya kai na yau da kullun, girkin tsaftacewa, da kuma kawar da ƙaiƙayi sun taimaka wa juriya da cutar. An ba da shawarar yin aikin rigakafin bishiyoyi tare da maganin 2% na Nitrafen ko 0.4% Kuprozan kafin budadawa. A lokacin girma, ana sake maimaita feshen ruwa tare da Kuprozan, ana kuma amfani da maganin 0.5% na Phthalazan da Tsineba.

Hoton Hoto: Cutar Apricot

Halin da ke akwai kayan zaki na kayan zaki Golubev zuwa kayan zaki mai zaki

Saratov agronomist da horticulturist A. M. Golubev ya fara yin kiwo a ƙarshen 70-80s na ƙarni na karshe, yana girma daga tsire-tsire iri iri da aka kawo daga kudu.

A sakamakon haka, ya zaɓi manyan fitattun nau'ikan guda biyu, waɗanda suka karɓi sunayen kayan zaki da Canning. Sun zama masu ba da gudummawa don wasu samfurori - Kolobok, Fir’auna, Asali. Don kawar da rikice-rikice tare da zabin kayan abincin kayan abinci na kayan abinci na Venyaminov na yanzu, Alexander Mikhailovich ya ba da sunansa iri-iri zuwa cikin Gidan kayan zaki Golubev. Wannan nau'in mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da ɗanɗano ainihin na 'ya'yan itacen.

Kayan kayan marmari iri-iri na Apricot, waɗanda aka horar a gidajen rani da filayen gida a yankuna tare da yanayin dumin yanayi, zasu fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano da lafiyayyun bishiyoyi kai tsaye akan itacen. Idan aka zaɓi zaɓi na ingantaccen kayan shuka da tsari na kulawa, za a sami ingantaccen matakin rayuwa da ingantaccen girbi.