A ƙarnin da ya gabata na ƙarni na ƙarshe, kimiyyar kiwo ba ta ci gaba ba kamar yadda ake yi a yau. Shaidar wannan shine rasberi na zaɓi Siberian Vera, wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen 80s na karni na ƙarshe. Wannan farkon yanayi ne mai haɓaka, amma wasu halaye na daban sune mafi ƙanƙantar da kai. Don fahimtar menene rasberi Vera, kuna buƙatar sanin mata da kyau.
Tarihin ci gaba
Rasipberry Vera (sunan aiki mai suna 2-541) an samo shi ne a cikin Altai Territory a Cibiyar Nazarin Noman Gwiwa ta Siberian mai suna M.A. Lisavenko ta tsallaka nau'ikan da aka sani: (Kaliningrad x Kuzmin News) x Barnaul. An bayarda ire-irensu ne a cikin 1985, an sanya su cikin rajistar nasarorin kibiyoyi na Tarayyar Rasha a 1989, an yi shi a Yankin Tsakiyar Black Earth, yankin Volga-Vyatka da Yammacin Siberian. A wasu yankuna, Vera ba ta yadu ba, kuma a cikin '' wuraren 'yan asalin' ba a amfani da ita sosai.
Bayanin da halayen raspberries Vera
Da dama ripening. Raspberries Bloom a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni, berries sun fara farawa game da wata daya bayan fure, a tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Yankin daji yana da iko girma na matsakaici, yaduwa. Matsakaicin tsawan tsayi shine 1.8 m. Gashi mai tushe yana madaidaici tare da mai goge baki, m, sassauƙawa a ƙasa ba tare da fashewa ba. Otsan buɗe ido suna da ɗumbin da yawa an rufe shi da ganyayyaki da ɗakuna masu laushi da yawa na matsakaici tsayi Ikon harba samuwar abu ne matsakaici.
Rasberi bushes Vera na matsakaici tsawo, Semi-yada tare da kafa, densely an rufe shi da ganye mai tushe
The berries ƙanana da matsakaici - nauyin 1.8-2.7 grams na shunayya. Siffar su wawa ce. Haɗin drupes mai rauni ne, wanda ke haifar da take hakkin mutuncin berries yayin tarin sufuri. Productaukar samfuri ba shi da kyau.
Berries na rasberi Vera masu matsakaici ne - 1.8-2.7 grams, mai haske, shunayya
Dandano mai daɗi ne mai daɗi, talakawa, ba tare da sautunan kayan zaki ba, an sami maki ɗanɗano na maki 3.5. Dalilin samfuran fasaha ne.
Yawan aiki yana da girma (89-129 kg / ha) kuma barga; 1.6-2.0 kg 'ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya cire su daga daji guda tare da kyakkyawar kulawa. Ripwanƙwasawa na berries ya sa ya yiwu a tattara kusan kashi 70% na amfanin gona a farkon girbin.
Yawan amfanin ƙasa na rasberi Vera yana da girma, har zuwa kilo biyu a kowace daji, thean itacen ya girma tare
Resistanceanƙancin sanyi yana da ƙasa, yana daskare harbe kuma yana buƙatar tsari. A iri-iri ne ba fari m.
Bangaskiya ba ta da tsayayyar launin shuɗi. Game da rigakafi ga sauran cututtuka a cikin bayanin ba a ambace shi ba. Resistance don harba gall Midge babban ƙari ne na iri-iri, tunda wannan kwaro na iya haifar da babbar illa ga raspberries.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Rasberi Vera yana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar su:
- rayarwa da wuri;
- babban aiki;
- berries ba sa fada daga bushes;
- bakin ciki mai laushi da taushi (kar a tsoma baki tare da girbi);
- harbe masu sassauƙa waɗanda suke da sauƙi don karkatarwa don tsari don hunturu;
- juriya daga lalacewa ta hanyar harba gall midge.
Iri daban-daban kuma suna da rashi, ga jerin su:
- low sanyi juriya, bushes bukatar tsari domin hunturu;
- rashin karfin halin fari;
- kasa cikakken iyawa halaye na berries don amfani sabo;
- rauni ɗaure drupes;
- karancin jigilar kaya;
- rashin zaman lafiya ga m tabo.
Babban mahimman fa'idojin rassa Vera sune yawan amfanin ƙasa da rayawa da wuri, amma mahimman hasararsa, kamar ƙarancin kasuwancin samfura da ƙarancin juriya, suna sanya Vera mara kulawa ga lambu. Ba za su ga wani dalili na yin haƙuri da abubuwan da ya ƙunsa ba saboda amfanin da ake samu.
Siffofin dasa da girma
Rasberi Vera baya buƙatar kowace fasaha ta musamman ta aikin gona kuma an girma ne kamar yadda yawancin nau'in raspberries na lambun zaɓi na gida. Babu 'yan fasalolin yayin bunkasa wannan iri-iri, amma kuna buqatar sanin su.
Saukowa
Lokacin dasa shuki iri na Vera, suna haɗuwa da daidaitattun buƙatu, amma ga kowane rasberi. Zaɓi wurin buɗe rana. Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine m ko loam mai haske tare da tsarin iska da ruwa mai cike da ruwa. Raspberries ba zai yi girma ba a kan ƙura mai acidic da fadama.
An zaɓi tsarin dasa don Vera dangane da yankin na rasberi. Idan an yi shirin dasa shuki guda ɗaya, zaku iya amfani da tsarin daji, sanya filayen a nesa na mita 1-1.5. A kan babban yanki, zaku iya amfani da makarar tef (60-70x1.5 m).
A cikin manyan yankuna, raspberries Vera dasa a cikin layuka bisa ga tsarin 60-70x1.5 m
Raspberries za a iya dasa a cikin bazara da kaka. Shuka ramuka yakamata ya zama aƙalla 40x40x40 cm, ana yi masu ɗanɗano tare da cakuda humus ko takin tare da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus. Asa mai cike da ƙasa bayan dasa shuki an mulched da kayan halitta.
Kulawa
Yanke daga cikin manyan harbe, cire daga cikin harbe da garter na bushes ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya saba ga raspberries, wanda 'ya'yan itace a kan shekaru biyu shekaru harbe. Tun da Vera ba mai jure sanyi da daskarewa ba, ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman zuwa matsuguninta na hunturu. Akwai sharuɗɗan da yawa waɗanda dole ne ku bi lokacin shirya raspberries don hunturu:
- Mai tushe yana lanƙwasa a gaba, mafi kyawun duka a ƙarshen Satumba. Idan kayi haka kafin sanyi, harbe-harbe suna iya fashewa.
- Kafin shirya raspberries don hunturu, duk ganyen da suka rage a kansu an cire su daga harbe.
- Aauki babban adadin mai tushe (zaku iya ɗaure su) kuma ku ɗaura dutse mai nauyin akalla 1 kg ko kowane kaya. Wani zabin don gyaran harbe zai iya zama pinning da su tare da ƙugiya a ƙasa ko kuma ɗaure filo na harbe zuwa gindin bushes kusa da madaukai.
Zaka iya gyara harbewar rasberi irin ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ɗaure fiɗa na mai tushe zuwa gindi na ƙauyen daji ko ka haɗa su da ƙugiyoyi a ƙasa
- Lokacin girma raspberries a kan trellis, zaku iya ɗaure shi zuwa ƙananan waya, yayin da tsawo na lanƙwasa mai tushe bai wuce 25 cm ba.
- Idan winters ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, to, yana da kyau a rufe shirye harbe tare da agrofibre. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da katako ko na katako.
A yankuna masu karancin ruwan dusar kankara, an shirya ciyawar da aka girka tare da agrofiber ta amfani da firam ɗin
Rasberi Vera ba mai tsayayya wa fari ba kuma yana buƙatar isasshen danshi a lokacin girma. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don shayar da tsirrai a lokacin girbi da cika Berry. Ana iya yin ruwa ta hanyar yayyafa (daga tiyo), tare da furrows ko ta hanyar magudanar ruwa. Lokacin amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa, ana isar da ruwa kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushen, kuma mai tushe da berries suna bushewa. Wannan yana ba ku damar kula da yawan danshi na ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda ku guji ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa don haɓakar cututtukan fungal. Kafin farko na sanyi weather, pre-hunturu watering ne m.
Lokacin da aka yi ban ruwa raspberries tare da hanyar sauke, ruwa yana shiga kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushen tsire-tsire
Don haɓaka yawan aiki, ana ciyar da Vera a al'ada sau 2-3 a kowace kakar. Kamar kowane rasberi, Vera yana buƙatar mafi yawan nitrogen (amma kawai a farkon rabin bazara). Ana lura da sakamako mafi girma daga amfani da takin gargajiya takin gargajiya a cikin hanyar kaji irin infusions (1 lita diluted a cikin lita 20 na ruwa) ko taki saniya (1 lita 10 a ruwa na ruwa). Yi 3-5 l na ɗayan mafita ta 1 m2. Idan babu takin gargajiya, ana iya amfani da urea don miya. Kuma a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ana kara takin potash da phosphorus.
Bidiyo: Tsarin rasberi na hunturu
Cutar da kwari
Sanarwa iri-iri baya nuna matsayin juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Sabili da haka, wataƙila, akwai haɗarin kayar da raspberries Vera mafi yawan cututtuka da kwari.
Yin rigakafin tabo launin ruwan hoda da sauran raunuka
An bambanta nau'ikan da saukin kamuwa da tabo mai launin shuɗi, saboda haka yana da daraja a duba wannan cuta a cikin daki-daki. Abunda ake gani shine cutar fungal wanda cutar ta haifar da pathogen Didymella applanata Sacc., Saboda haka cutar tana da suna na biyu - Didimella. Bayyanar cututtukan cutar suna bayyana a harbe na shekara-shekara a wuraren haɗe-haɗe na ganye a cikin nau'i na filayen lilac-brown, wanda daga baya ya girma kuma yana ɗaukar duka kara. Necrosis ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, petioles da rassan 'ya'yan itace, wanda ke haifar da bushewa da gabobin da abin ya shafa.
Tare da cutar rasberi, tabon launin shuɗi (didimella), aibobi masu ruwan lilac-brown suna bayyana akan harbe-shekara
Matakan sarrafawa na girgizar ƙasa sun lalace har zuwa lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙarara na lokacin shuka, ingantaccen ban ruwa ba tare da overmoistening ba. Daga cikin sinadaran, fesawa da 1% ruwa Bordeaux a farkon bazara yana da tasiri. Bayan harbe ya kai 20 cm, kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan shi, ana amfani da sinadarin jan karfe (3-4 g / l) ko kuma ruwa na Bordeaux don sarrafawa.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta tare da wasu cututtuka, matakan da zasu biyo baya zasu isa lokacin:
- Kariya daga tushen tsarin daga lalacewa ta inji (ba za ku iya tono mai zurfi ba kuma kwance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes).
- Girma raspberries a wuri guda bai fi shekaru 7 ba. Koma tsoffin shafuka ba su wuce shekaru 3-4 ba.
- Yanke lokaci da lalata haifuwa, lalacewa da kamuwa da harbe.
- Sako sarrafawa.
- Yi amfani da shi don haifuwa kawai kayan dasa kayan lafiya.
- Yi yaƙi da aphids na kan lokaci wanda ke watsa cututtukan hoto.
- Kada a bada izinin danshi don yin tururuwa a cikin raspberries.
- Tsire tsire-tsire tare da ɗayan sinadarai (1% ruwa na Bordeaux, chloride jan karfe, Khom, Abiga-Peak) a farkon bazara, kafin fure da bayan girbi.
Bidiyo: yadda ake mu'amala da tabo mai ruwan hoda
A cikin kwatancin iri-iri, an nuna juriyarsa kawai da harbin gall Midge. Mafi m, sauran kwari na shuka za a iya shafa a karkashin m yanayi. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau kusan sanin wakilai na yau da kullun.
Tebur: Matsaloli masu yiwuwa na Rasberi
| NAGARI NA NAN | CI GABA | MAGANIN SAUKI |
|---|---|---|
| Rasberi da strawberry weevil | A farkon farkon fure, yakan sanya ƙwai a cikin buds kuma ya fashe cikin farji. Buds fadi ko wilted kasance rataye a kan peduncle. | 5-6 kwanaki kafin fure da kuma bayan girbi, aka fesa da kwayoyi Alatar, Fufanon, Inta-Vir ko Iskra-M, Actellik |
| Rasberi irin ƙwaro | A lokacin fadada daga cikin buds ci su, kazalika da lalacewar ganye da furanni. Yana saka ƙwai a cikin ƙwayoyin matasa. A lokacin lokutan mamayewa, suna iya lalata har zuwa kashi 30% na fure rasberi da furanni. | |
| Rasberi harbe aphid | Ciki sosai a cikin wuraren inuwa. Saiti a ƙarshen harbe da inflorescences. Damage ganye curl, twigs juya, furanni bushe fita. Yana ɗaukar cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri | |
| Spider mite | Yana bayyana a yanayin bushe da zafi, yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki ya kuma lullube su da cobwebs. Abubuwan farin suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, sun bushe kuma sun faɗi a kashe. A lokacin rani, asarar amfanin gona na iya kaiwa kashi 70%. | Sharar lokaci a cikin fari da kuma lalata ganye ya shafa matakan kariya ne. Don magance kaska suna amfani da Fufanon, Akreks, Actellik da sauran kwari. |
Hoton Hoto: Mafi Karancin Rasberi
- Rasberi-strawberry weevil diyya da buds da gnaws da peduncle
- Rasberi irin ƙwaro ci buds kuma lays qwai a cikin matasa ovaries
- Rasberi harba aphid zaune a kan iyakar harbe da ganye da kuma tsotsa fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su
- Wani gizo-gizo gizo-gizo gizo yake ciyarwa akan ganye ya shanye su da cobwebs
Ba a tattauna rasberi Rasberi ba a majallar lambu ba; balle balle tattauna game da ita. Iri-iri sun yi nesa da ƙa'idar kuma, wataƙila, saboda wannan dalili ba shahara ba ne. A halin yanzu, yawancin sababbin nau'ikan da suka inganta ingantattun abubuwa sun lalace. Wataƙila, rasberi Vera baya jure gasa tare da su kuma sannu a hankali ana matse shi daga Rashan Rashan. Vera ɗan itacen dabino ne na talakawa. Yawancin suna da 'ya'ya, amma a cikin yanayin yankuna inda ake yin shinge, ba shi da isasshen ƙarfin hali, yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa yayin girma kuma baya bambanta cikin kayan samfuri masu inganci. Saboda haka, wataƙila, rasberi Vera ya riga ya zama tarihin zaɓin cikin gida.
