Daga cikin tsire-tsire na ornamental, m, ciyawa masu fure mai kyan furanni sun sami babban mashahuri a tsakanin yan lambu. Musamman furanni masu ban mamaki suna shahara don azalea da rhododendron. Tsire-tsire suna cikin dangin Heather iri ɗaya kuma sun yi kama da juna, amma suna da bambance-bambance a cikin kimiyyar noma. Yadda ake koyon gane su da girma su aka bayyana a cikin labarin.
Azalea da rhododendron - akwai wani bambanci
Daga mahangar ilimin halitta, tsire-tsire suna da abubuwa da yawa gama gari.
- Dukansu mambobi ne na dangi sun shirya tsintsaye da ke cike da yalwar ciyayi.
- A lokacin fure, babban inflorescences wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin fure mai haske waɗanda aka buɗe akan rassan azalea da rhododendron. Yawancin lokaci ƙanshi mai saurin zuma yana fitowa daga furanni.
- Launin fure ya bambanta: fari, rawaya, shunayya, rasberi, ruwan hoda.
- Tsire-tsire suna buƙata daidai da yanayin zafi, kamar ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa da babban acidity. Tsarin tushensu na zahiri ba ya ƙaddamar da kwance ƙasa na ƙasa, don haka ƙasa ƙarƙashin bushes yana mulched.
Blooming rhododendron yana da kyau da haske.
Irin waɗannan alamu na yau da kullun suna sa yawancin lambu sunyi imani cewa ba mahimmanci ba ne don shuka azalea ko rhododendron a gonar. Wannan ra'ayi ne wanda ba daidai ba, wanda zai iya haifar da illa ga ci gaban seedling.
Duk wakilan 'yan asalin azaleas ba su yarda da yanayin zafi ba (sun mutu tuni a digiri +4), kuma sun sami damar girma a buɗe ƙasa kawai a yankunan kudanci na Rasha (Crimea, Tervropol Territory). A cikin sauran yankuna, ana shuka waɗannan tsire-tsire kamar gida ko furanni na fure.
Rikicin tarihi
Farkon ambaton kyakkyawan shukar itace "azalea" kwanakin baya zuwa karni na 5th BC. Ko da hakane, kyakkyawan fure ya farantawa tsoffin Helenawa rai. Daga baya, ana samun tsire-tsire mai irin wannan akwati da sifar fure a cikin shimfidar wuraren Himalayas, Caucasus, kudu maso gabas Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.
Lura! Sunan "azalea" a cikin Hellenanci yana nufin "bushe." Bai wa shuka don gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da ake cikin dormant ɗin an kuɓutar da ita gaba ɗaya daga ganye kuma tana kama da marasa rai. Sunan "rhododendron" yana nufin "fure daji (bishiya)", kuma yana nuna ƙauna da haske na fure.
'Yan Botanists sun daɗe da yin imani da cewa azalea da rhododendron abubuwa biyu ne da suke ɗayan iyali guda, wanda ya bambanta da girman su da juriya da sanyi. Azalea ya kafa karamin daji, ba fiye da rabin mita ba kuma bai jure sanyi ba. Rhododendrons sun sami damar girma har zuwa 3 m na tsayi, kuma ba su da yawa a kan yanayin yanayi (yana iya jure sanyi zuwa ƙasa -20). A halin yanzu, an karɓi rarrabuwa dabam a cikin da'irar Botanical.
Tsarin zamani
A yau, masana kimiyya, bayan gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin, sun hada da duk nau'ikan azaleas a cikin halittar Rhododendron. A takaice dai, daidai ne a yi la’akari da azalea a matsayin rhododendron, amma ba akasin haka ba.
A cikin rarrabuwa a gonar, ana ci gaba da sanya azaleas cikin rukuni daban, yana nuna bambanci a cikin furen. Tana da tururi 5 a cikin toho, 10 kuma ƙari a cikin rhododendron. Bugu da kari, yan lambu na Rasha sun sani sarai cewa ana iya girma a bushes karami a gida kawai.
Yadda zaka bambance azalea daga rhododendron a bayyanar
Babban bambanci tsakanin wakilan nau'ikan halitta daga juna ana iya bayanin shi a cikin kalmomi biyu - dwarfs da ƙattai. A daji na azalea bai wuce 50 cm ba, mafi yawan lokuta tsayinsa ya kai cm 30. A lokaci guda, girman daskararren inflorescences ya kai cm 7-12 Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ƙaramin suna girma sosai a cikin daidaitattun tukwane na fure. Su za a iya sanya a kan windowsill tare da saba gidan shuke-shuke.
Furen cikin gida baya ɗaukar sarari da yawa
Tsawon daji na rhododendron da nau'ikan lambun sa na iya kaiwa ga 3 m, a lokuta mafi ƙaranci - 4 m. Ana dasa bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi ko ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin hanyar shinge ko kuma manyan bishiyoyi - tefworms a kan ciyawa.
Mahimmanci! Tsakanin nau'ikan rhododendrons mai sanyi-sanyi, ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan. Ba daidai ba ne a yi la’akari da dukkan ƙananan shuki a matsayin azaleas.
Sauran bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar:
- daban-daban lambobi a cikin toho;
- Siffar furen adalea yana kama da buɗaɗɗen buɗewa; a cikin rhododendron toho mai siffa kararrawa;
- ganyen kananan alamu an rufe shi da farin ruwa mara nauyi; ganyen manyan tsire-tsire masu zafin gaske ne;
- kusan dukkanin azaleas (banda Jafananci) sun rasa ɗanyunsu a lokacin tsananin sanyi; ana samun gandun daji a tsakanin rhododendrons.
Bambanci a Azalea da Rhododendron Care
A cikin yanayin kasar Rasha, ana noma azalea na musamman a matsayin daki ko fure mai fure. Rashin wakilcin wakilin Vereskovye na iya zama ya yi girma har zuwa can nesa na Yankin Moscow, a cikin Urals, Kudancin Siberiya da Far East.
Irin wannan bangon furanni na rhododendrons za'a iya girma a cikin lambun ku
Duk tsirrai biyu suna buƙatar man sako-sako, mai numfashi tare da amsawar acidic a 4-5 pH. Don dasa shuki iri na cikin gida, ana shirya cakuda:
- humus coniferous (ɗaukar ƙasa a cikin dajin Pine ko allurar takaddun shekaru 3);
- peat;
- yashi (vermiculite).
Za'a buƙaci abubuwan haɗari a cikin rabo 2: 1: 1. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa da aka yi girki a cikin shagon lambu. A kasan tukunya, da tsakuwa ko tubalin da ya karye dole ne a zuba shi don kare tushen daga danshi na danshi.
Itatuwan tsire-tsire a waje suna ƙara waɗannan kayan abinci a cikin ƙasa, a cikin nauyin 5-6 kilogiram na peat da humife coniferous, kilogiram 5-7 na yashi a muraba 1. m
Bambanci na farko. Wasu nau'in rhododendron suna girma sosai akan ƙasa acidic da tsaka tsaki, yayin da azalea yana buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic.
Dukkan tsire biyu ana sanya su a wuri mai kyau, amma ba a rana ba. Yankin gabashin duniya ko maƙarƙashiya a cikin inuwa na bude manyan bishiyoyi sun dace. A cikin inuwa mai yawa, fure ya zama mara iyaka, launin launi da furanni. Lokaci na cikin gida dole ne a sanya shi daga maɓallin zafi, saboda azalea baya jure bushe da iska mai zafi.
Kulawa a kan titin shidan ya ƙunshi shayarwa, ciyarwa, girki da tsari don hunturu (a cikin yankuna inda yanayin hunturu ya sauka ƙasa -20 digiri).
- Ana shayar da Rhododendron aƙalla sau 2 a mako, yana zubo buloguna 1.5 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin gandun daji. Ruwan an hada shi da ruwan lemun tsami, succinic ko oxalic acid.
- An ciyar da daji a cikin bazara, bazara da kaka. Domin kada ya rikitar da acidity na ƙasa, ana bada shawara don gabatar da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai musamman da aka tsara don wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire. Watering tare da bayani na gina jiki a ƙarƙashin tushen madadin tare da spraying foliage. A cikin bazara, an ba shi izinin ciyawa farfajiyar ƙasa a kusa da daji tare da cakuda takin (vermicompost) da acid (peat) peat.
- Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, rhododendrons an basu kariya. Tushen tushe yana mulched da sawdust zuwa tsawo na 20-30 cm, an rufe kambi da yadudduka da farin lutrasil, an rufe daji da fim a saman sa. Don nau'in zafi-ƙauna (kullun mai ban sha'awa), ana gina gidajen plywood, sarari na ciki wanda aka cika da sawdust, kwakwalwan polystyrene, ganyayyaki masu faɗo.
A cikin wannan akwati, inji ba ya tsoron sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara
Kamar yadda ake buƙata, rhododendron yana sheared, yana cire tsoffin da harbe da suka lalace. Ba ya bukatar tsayayyen kambi; kawai suna lura da cewa bai yi kauri ba.
Kula da ɗakunan tsire-tsire iri-iri yayin kakar girma yana kusan babu bambanci da kula da furen lambu. Ya kamata kawai a shayar dashi, guje wa overmoistening na kasar gona da kwararar ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da masu radiators ke aiki da cikakken iko, yana da mahimmanci don kare azalea daga zafi da bushewar iska. Florists sun fito da dabaru da yawa don kare dabbobin gida:
- an sanya kankara a ƙasa a cikin tukunya ba tare da taɓa akwati ba;
- sanya fure a kan baranda mai walƙiya, inda ake kiyaye zazzabi a + 8 ... +15 digiri;
- ruwa da fesa azalea da ruwa, a zazzabi da bai wuce digiri +16 ba.
Hankali! Babban damuwa yana jiran mai girki lokacin da azalea ta shiga cikin matsala. A wannan lokacin, furen yana da rauni, kuma yana iya mutuwa daga kulawa mara kyau.
Bayan fure tare da azalea, ana yin amfani da waɗannan manipulations:
- yanke iri iri na karya da kuma karin matasa harbe, thickening kambi;
- tukunyar filawa an sake shirya ta a cikin inuwar sanyi da sanyi (zazzabi ba sama da digiri +15) ba;
- ba da iska mai zafi a matakin 70% (sanya faranti da ruwa kusa da tsire-tsire, ba da ruwa da Alaalea tare da ruwa mai sanyi).
Wannan lokacin bayan fure ya fi dacewa da dasa shuki a cikin gida, idan ya cancanta. An zaɓi tukunya mai fadi da ƙarami don daji, inda aka canza shi ba tare da cika tushen wuyansa tare da ƙasa ba.
Bambanci na biyu. Tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a cikin hunturu da bayan fure. Bushes hunturu akan titi suna da isasshen abin dogara ga shinge.
A lokacin furanni kuma a cikin zamani na girma taro, azalea yana buƙatar sutturar sutturar sati-mako tare da takin gargajiya na musamman (Fasco, Kemira).
Bambanci na uku. Rhododendron yana da ƙarancin buƙatun buƙatu akan yawan riguna sama da tsire-tsire na gida.
Lokacin zabar shuki don lambun ku, yana da mahimmanci kada ku gauraya kuma kada ku sami azalea mai ladabi maimakon rhododendron mara fasali. A lokacin saurayi, lokacin da babu furanni akan rassan, kusan zai yiwu a rarrabe seedlings daga juna. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a sayi kayan dasawa a cikin wuraren ɗorawa inda ba a yarda da sake fasalin rubutu ba.
