Chrysanthemum lambu - dasa da namo

Galibi ana samun filaye na lambun a filayen gidaje a duk fadin kasar Rasha, kuma sunansa na biyu shi ne "Sinawa." Ana nuna al'adun ta da launuka iri-iri da girma dabam - daga ƙarami zuwa tsayi, mai ban sha'awa da kambi mai ƙyalli.

Chrysanthemum Lambun - wane irin fure yake, wanda yan uwa suke

Tushen nau'in nau'in Chrysanthemum na zamani shine Chrysanthemum morifolium, wanda memba ne na dangin Asteráceae. Shrub yana nufin ire-iren waɗanda ke girma tare da zuwan kaka. Yana jure sanyi sosai kuma baya rasa kuzari ko da da fari na farko.

Perennial Chrysanthemum

Bayanin farko game da al'adun an samo shi ne a cikin ayyukan Confucius, a cikin karni na 5-6 BC. A wancan lokacin, ta kasance kamar takwarorinta na daji kuma tana da furanni masu matsakaici, ana fentin shuɗi. Dankin ya zama zuriya daga cikin nau'ikan matasan yanzu, har zuwa yau akwai kusan nau'ikan 3,000.

Shekarar ɗan itacen daji tana da karsashin tushe mai kauri da katako, daga wanda harbe ya fito. The mai tushe girma 25-120 cm lokacin farin ciki rufe da ganye faranti. Furen ganye kore yana girma daga 7 zuwa 15 cm a tsawon kuma daga 4 zuwa 8 cm - faɗi. Faranti waɗanda ke kan babba da ƙananan ƙananan sun banbanta da girma da siffa. A wasu ƙananan tallafi, mai tsayi ko gajere na petioles, sakin jiki yana fifita akan hanyar da ba daidai ba.

Iri iri-iri, shahararrun hunturu-iri, yadda suke kama

Istswararrun masana suna bambance rarrabuwa na ka'idodi na Chrysanthemums saboda bambancin tsarin zaɓaɓɓen su. Zuwa cikakke kuma masu ma'ana sun haɗa da Sinawa.

Rarrabawa ta hanyar fure da tsayi

Dangane da Sinawa dangane da Chang Shu-lin, sashen yana gudana ne da girmansa, zuwa kananan duniyoyi-da manyan fuloji. Al'ada ce ta bambanta azuzuwan 25:

• rukunin farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 8;
• zuwa na biyu - raka'a 17.

Chrysanthemum-kananan wuta

Fitowar Inflorescence

Ana gudanar da rarrabuwa ne bisa ga zaɓuɓɓuka huɗu, dangane da kasancewar tubular furanni da ciyayi wanda yake cikin yanayin ƙoshin wuta:

• lebur;
• anemone;
• tubular;
• cokali mai siffar-cokali.

Haskaka ta halaye na ɗabi'a yana ƙara bayanin tare da adadin wasu budsan itacen, rabo daga girman su, ta wasu halaye. Akwai ƙananan rukunin ƙananan tsire-tsire guda bakwai tare da launuka daban-daban na fure:

• fari
• tagulla;
• launin shuɗi;
• kore
• reds;
• kirim;
• m.

Girma mai tushe Spherical

Akwai nau'ikan sautin iri-iri biyu, masu launuka daban-daban na filayen ciki da na waje. Dangane da bayanin Wang Mao-sheng, a cikin al'adun gargajiya zaku iya bambance bambancin 9 na inflorescences:

• mai gashi - tare da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan sassan corolla;
• haske - mai kwarjini, mafi kamar gashin tsuntsu-mai siffa;
• terry - inflorescence yana da fasali, kayan aikin waje suna da tsawo, kuma na ciki gajere ne.
• osmanthus - mai kama da furen osmanthus;
• gashin tsuntsu - mai babban gashin tsuntsu - tare da babban, matsakaici da ƙaramin ƙara;
• hemispherical da na sihiri - furanni sunyi kama da kwallaye cikin bayyanar;
• mai sauƙi ko kuma rabin-biyu - tare da fadi-corollas da ɗan kwali kaɗan;
• grabbing - su Corollas za a iya kwatanta da lokacin farin ciki shambura.

Fitowar kwari

A cikin yankuna na Jafan, an zaɓi fifikon rarrabuwa da "Shinjuku" - filin shakatawa na na sarki.

Kwararrun masanan nata sun gwammace su rarrabu zuwa nau'ikan daji da al'adu. Latterarshe ana rarraba su zuwa kayan ado kuma sun dace da abinci (a cikin shirye-shiryen salads). An raba Terry da sauran nau'in chrysanthemums (don adon da ado) ta balaga zuwa yanayin hunturu, bazara da kaka.

Perennials da annuals

An kwatanta nau'ikan shekara-shekara da ƙananan girma toho (har zuwa 4 cm a diamita) da azuzuwan da yawa:

• kiyaye;
• mai yawa;
• shuka;
• lashe.

Annuals suna da dogon fure: daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa Nuwamba. A buds Fade tare da m sanyi. Al'adun na iya zama masu girma dabam: 25-70 cm.

Idan aka kwatanta da lokaci guda, perennials daji suna da girma a girma, zasu iya kai cm 150. Suna girma a cikin tsarin gidaje da tukwane. Ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan fure a matsayin yankan abu. Rarraba suna gudana ne a lokacin da za su yi fure: farkon, tsakiya da na marigayi nau'in.

Chrysanthemum na shekara

Perennial chrysanthemums: dasa da kulawa a cikin bude ƙasa

Don samun kyakkyawan shuka mai ƙoshin lafiya, dole ne a fara sanin kanka da wallafe-wallafen kan yadda ake shuka chrysanthemums a gonar, don kula da fure a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin gidan kore.

Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan furanni suna da tsayayya wa fari da sanyi, basa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a gonar. Jerin abubuwan da aka keɓe sun haɗa da sabon kayan girke-girke tare da manyan furanni, waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai: mafi yawan lokuta, ruwa da takin.

Zaɓin wuri

Yadda za a shuka chrysanthemums daidai: al'adar gaba daya ta dogara ne akan haske, idan ya rasa, ingancin fure na iya shan wahala. Harbe farawa ya shimfiɗa, buds suna fara lalacewa, a cikin wuraren da wasu albarkatu ke rayuwa cikin natsuwa.

Sakamakon zai zama mummunar mummunar ciyawa da ciyayi. Don kiyaye kambinsa cikakke, yana buƙatar dasa dabbobin dabbobi a gefen rana, tare da kariya daga iska mai iska.

Yadda ake shirya ƙasa da furen domin shuka

Fahimtar tambaya game da yadda ake shuka chrysanthemums, dole ne mutum ya manta da ƙimar ƙasa.

Ana buƙatar sandy ko ƙasa loamy tare da kyakkyawan malalewa. Kafin aiki, suna haƙa shi a hankali suna wadatar da shi da humus. Mustasa dole ne ta ɗan ɗanɗana acid, ana ɗaukar peat don mulching. An hana ƙasashe mai nauyi da yumɓu - itacen da akan su zai mutu da sauri.

Siffofin dasa chrysanthemums a cikin hunturu

A pre-hunturu dasa na bushes ne da za'ayi har sai Satumba 15, matasa girma tare da rufaffiyar Tushen ana amfani da hanya. Wannan tsarin yana kawar da buƙatar horarwar farko. Idan Tushen ba a ciki, to, awanni 24 kafin dasa shuki, ana aiwatar da jiyya tare da Kornevin.

Chrysanthemum dasa a bude ƙasa

Mataki na zuwa mataki mataki mataki kamar haka:

1. Rami ramuka 40 cm zurfi, a tsakãninsu suna barin gibba game da wannan nisan.
2. A kasan sa kogin m yashi ko nunawa - 5 cm.
3. An canza substrate tare da humus.
4. Dasa ne za'ayi ba tare da zurfafa harbe ba.
5. Don tsayi bushes shirya goyon baya.

Watering dokokin da zafi

Bushesan daji da suka daɗe suna iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci tare da fari, amma ana rarrabe su ta hanyar hankali da karancinsa. Rashin ruwa ban ruwa yana haifar da nika da rage lambobin su. Tare da kasa isasshen ruwa, an rufe harbe da haushi, kuma tare da wuce haddi, Tushen ya lalace.

Ban ruwa ne da za'ayi tare da bushewa na 5-7 cm na babba Layer na duniya. A cikin yanayin zafi, danshi na ƙasa yakan faru sau da yawa, a cikin yanayin sanyi ba sau da yawa.

Manyan miya da ingancin ƙasa

Rashin abubuwan ma'adinai yana tsoratar da faduwa da rashi na buds, kuma takin zamani yana taimakawa wajen tsawaita rayuwarsu da kara adadin su. Subcortex ana aiwatar dashi bisa ga jadawalin:

• bayan dasawa ko a cikin bazara - tare da hadewar nitrogen;
• a tsakiyar lokacin rani - mafitar potassium-phosphorus.

Takin tsire-tsire na ƙwayoyin cuta

Yin daskarewa da dasawa

Don tallafin mutum daban-daban, ana buƙatar haɓaka kayan sayan su: lokacin da aka haɓaka daga 10 zuwa 20 cm, ana yin tuwo. Ana amfani da fiɗa (5-7 cm) don tushen. Ragowar yakamata ya kasance yana da akalla ganye 3 ko 5.

Ana yin ayyukan juyawa a ranakun Mayu ko Satumba. An yi su ne don sake sabuntar bishiyoyi, haifuwa ko yayin samuwar takamaiman sigar lambun fure.

Farin fure

Shiryawar hankali don hunturu ba a buƙatar perennial chrysanthemums (hunturu-Hardy), wanda aka dasa a yankuna na kudancin. Don yankuna na arewacin ana aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:

• tsaunin daji;
• cropping zuwa 10 cm a ƙarshen Oktoba;
• tsari tare da agrofibre bayan isowar daskararren sanyi, tare da gyarawa tare da kayan kayan nauyi (allon, bulo).

Siffofin furanni masu fure

Bambance-bambancen al'adu na iya bambanta lokacin samuwar buds da halayensu.

Lokacin aiki da hutawa

A farkon fararen fure na shigan, apical buds sune farkon waɗanda zasu buɗe, to, tsari ya rufe dukkanin tsire-tsire (daga sama zuwa ƙasa). Tsawan buduwa yana daga makonni biyu zuwa watanni da dama.

Iri da siffar furanni

Chrysanthemums suna da tsayi, dwarf, da matsakaici a cikin girman; don mafi girma, ana buƙatar tallafi.

Raba, mai yiwuwa ya faɗi, bishiyoyi, an ɗaure shi da zuwan bazara.

Kula bayan fure

Ana yanke bushewar ganye a hankali, suna barin shinge na fure kafin a fara sanyi. Yunkurin kammala ficewa zai haifar da matsaloli masu mahimmanci: rhizomes bazai sami damar sanya fure ba don kakar mai zuwa saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki, asalin abin shine sashin kore.

Hanyoyin yada fure

'Yan lambu sun fi son amfani da itace, hanyar iri da kuma rarraba uwayen daji.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Don samun rubutun, yi amfani da bouquets ko tsintsiya madaidaiciya. A farkon lamari, kuna buƙatar cire fure, kuma sanya peran a ruwa. Bayan 'yan makonni, za su kafa tushen kuma ana iya dasa su cikin ƙasa.

Kai da kayan abu daga daji ana aiwatar dashi a watan Mayu. Samfuran lafiya suna dacewa da hanya, ana aika harbe harbe zuwa zurfin 5 cm (ga wuraren da aka riga aka tono). A saman su an rufe su da kwalban filastik. A ƙarshen watan, seedlingsa seedlingsan da suka ɗauki tushe za su ba ganye na farko.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Tsarin iri

Hanyar iri ta ƙunshi dasa kayan akan shuki. Bayan makonni 2-5 (lokaci ya dogara da halayen varietal), farkon farawan zai bayyana. Har zuwa ranakun Mayu, ana shuka seedlings a gida, sannan a aika wa wani makirci na sirri.

Yadda za a dasa bishiyar fure kuma ku sami nasa fure: kayan iri a tsakiyar layin kusan ba su taɓa tsirowa ba. Don samun shi, ana shirya dasa shuki tare da buds, aika su zuwa tukunyar ruwa. Bayan dan lokaci, sai 'yan' yayan suka sauka lafiya.

Matsaloli masu tasowa, cututtuka da kwari

Cutar da aka sani sun hada da:

• hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri lalacewa ta hanyar dwarfism, greening na inflorescences, mosaic - pathologies ne m, ana shafa harbe an excised kuma kone su;
• powdery mildew - yana bayyana a lokacin sanyi da damana, isasshen abubuwan phosphorus-potassium ko wuce haddi na phosphorus, ana kula da shukokin marasa lafiya tare da hanyoyin fungicidal;
• tsatsa - ya zo tare da yanayin dumi da laima, ana ƙaddara shi da ƙamshi mai launin shuɗi a kan ƙwaya, wanda a ƙarshe ya juya launin ruwan kasa, maganin ya haɗa da lura da ruwa Bordeaux da Topaz;
• Septoria - shimfidawa daga ƙananan har zuwa babba, yana bayyana baƙar fata, yana faruwa lokacin da ake rashin rana da rashin ruwa na ƙasa, yana buƙatar raguwa a cikin ruwa da ingantaccen hasken wuta;
• m launin toka - an ƙaddara ta halayyar m launin toka a kan ɓangaren kore na shuka, tare da sauyawa zuwa sautin launin ruwan kasa, ana gudanar da jiyya ta hanyar fungicides.

Septoria Chrysanthemum

Kwayoyin cutar kwari da aka sani da su sune:

• nematode - lalacewa ba wai kawai sassan kore na daji ba ne, har ma da tushen sa, na bukatar tsawaita tsirrai tare da wakilai na musamman: Phosphamide, Mercaptophos;
• gizo-gizo mite - saboda tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace na bishiyar tare da m, yana fara bushewa da sauri, ana iya tantance kasancewar sa ta yanar gizo yana rufe mai tushe da ganye, aikin Fitoverm ko Aktelik yana gudana;
• aphids - mai m sau da yawa yana ɗaukar cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sanadin mutuwar daji, inji yana buƙatar maimaita magani tare da maganin kwari.

Chrysanthemum na perennial lambu yana cikin kayan ado na infield, amma zaka iya ƙaunar ƙananan nau'ikan gida. Wanne zaɓi ne mafi kyawu: zaku iya dasa mahaɗan titi ko gasasshen chrysanthemums tare da burgundy buds. Kowane mutum yana da abubuwan da ya zaɓa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba shi yiwuwa a ba da cikakkiyar amsa ga wannan tambayar.