Azalea (Azalea) - nau'in tsire-tsire masu launuka masu kyau da kayan ado waɗanda ke canza kowane yanki zuwa wuri mai ban sha'awa mai haske. Azalea a cikin aikin lambu yana ƙara zama sananne. Masu ilimin Botanists suna ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan matasan.
Lambun Azalea - wane irin fure yake, ga wane dangi yake
Itace Azalea wani tsararre ne daga dangin Heather daga China, Japan da Arewacin Amurka. Akwai nau'ikan iri da yawa a cikin mazaunin halitta. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an dauki tsire-tsire masu dacewa don girma a cikin tukwane da katako. Shayarwa don noman waje a halin yanzu sun shahara.
Lambun Azalea
Tsawon azalea na iya isa daga 30 cm zuwa m 3. Smallananan ganye na elliptical suna kan ƙananan harbe na bakin ciki da aka rufe da haushi. Yankakken launuka masu launuka masu launi: fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya, shunayya, ja ko ruwan lemo.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin nau'ikan azalea suna da sanyi mai-sanyi, sun dace da namo a tsakiya da arewacin ramin na Rasha.
Tarihin zaɓi
A farkon karni na 19, Kyaftin Velbek ya yi nasarar kawo ciyawar azalea daji daga Indiya tare da tura ta zuwa lambun Botanical kusa da London. Zuriyarsu ta zama magabatan dukkan samarin da masana kimiyya suka samu sakamakon zavi mai tsawo. A Rasha, al'adun daji na farko sun kasance a cikin gidajen lambuna. Daga baya, masu shayarwa da botanists sun buge fiye da dubu 12 nau'ikan iri daban-daban.
Shahararrun tsire-tsire masu hunturu-Hardy, bayanin su
Rassawa masu fure na fure sun fi son nau'in shuki na katako waɗanda ke da babban hunturu da manyan inflorescences na siffofi daban-daban. Yankin hunturu-Hardy:
- Chanel
- Freya
- Klondike;
- Tunisiya
- Sonya
- Fitilar Zinare;
- Zuwan rana;
- Gibraltar mai haske mai haske.
Kula! Hardness na hunturu shine ikon shuka don jure tasirin muhalli a cikin hunturu. Tsarin sanyi shine damar shuka don kula da mahimmancin aiki yayin da aka nuna shi da ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Yawancin nau'ikan disidu suna sanyin juriya lokacin sanyi lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa -26 ℃. Duk tsintsaye suna yin jinkirin girma, suna kaiwa matsakaicin tsawo bayan shekaru 10 kacal.
Mafi ƙananan nau'ikan sune Sunset na Sunset da Gibraltar, wanda ya kai girman da bai wuce 1 m ba .. Sauran wakilan nau'ikan sun girma sama daga 1.4 zuwa mm 2. Ganyayyaki sune zaitun zuwa kore mai duhu, canza launi zuwa ja-orange a kaka. Inflorescences na iya zama duka abu guda biyu, kuma aka haɗa shi da launi na biyu. Iduaukakawar azalea ya fi son wuri mai rana tare da ƙaramin inuwa, daidaitaccen kayan miya da danshi mai yawa.
Azalea Gibraltar
Dasa kuma kula da azaleas na lambun a cikin fili
Shrub azalea ya fi son yin girma a kan ƙasan acidic wanda ke ɗauke da yashi da peat. Don cikakken ci gaba na daji mai perenni a cikin ƙasar, ana kiyaye acidity na ƙasa a matakin 4.0-4.5 pH.
Azalea Jafananci: dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa
Ana ba da shawarar Azalea seedlings a farkon farkon bazara kafin a fara motsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko a farkon kaka, saboda shuka yana da lokaci don ɗaukar tushe kafin farkon sanyi.
Matsakaicin wurin shuka yana da mahimmanci don kulawa da haɓakar azaleas a gonar. Yakamata ya zama wuri mai zafin rana tare da walkiya. A wurin da aka zaɓa, tono rami a cikin girman tushen tsarin. An cire aza aza Street daga tukunyar jigilar kayayyaki tare da tukunyar ƙura tare da sanya shi a tsakiyar ramin, an rufe Tushen da abin da ke sama daga sama.
Informationarin bayani! Zurfin ramin yakamata ya zama cewa dunƙulewar ƙasa tare da tushen sa can kuma ya kamata ya zama 15 cm ya kasance. Kafin sauka, an shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a ƙasan.
Ruwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da shukokin Japan. Azalea na buƙatar ruwa mai yawa (har zuwa lita 20 a kowace shuka mai girma). Yana da mahimmanci a kula da danshi ƙasa kusa da daji, don hana bushewa ta bushe. A lokacin rana, ana fesa wani daji daga bindiga mai fesawa, an sanya kwantena tare da ruwa kusa da shuka.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci lokacin girma girma azaleas shine ingantaccen zaɓi wanda aka zaɓa. Ya kamata ya zama ruwan acidic da kuma mai jan numfashi. An shirya substrate daga waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa daidai sassan:
- humus;
- yashi;
- peat;
- ganye, turf da ƙasa coniferous.
Ciyarwar farko na furen yana faruwa makonni 3 bayan dasa, ana aiwatar da na gaba bayan kwanaki 20. Duk wani takin gargajiya na tsire-tsire na fure ya dace a matsayin taki.
Azalea pruning
A cikin bazara, ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabta, cire bushe da bushe mai tushe. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin bazara da shuka ya kafa fure fure. A na ado samuwar daga cikin daji ne da za'ayi a fall bayan wilting na inflorescences. Sakamakon haka, kawai lafiya, tsayayyun harbe suka rage, duk rassan bushe da bushe ciyawar an cire su.
Mahimmanci! Idan ba a cire tsoffin harbe cikin lokaci ba, to a cikin 'yan shekaru daji za su yi girma, rassan za su toshe hanyoyin samun haske da iska, wanda hakan zai haifar da ci gaba da cututtuka.
Tare da kulawar da ta dace da shuka na matasa, bayan shekaru 2-3, zai gamsar da furanni. Mutane da yawa masu girbi na fure sunyi la'akari da azalea wata shuka mai ban sha'awa kuma ba sa son shiga cikin girma koran Jafananci na ornamental.
Harkokin Azalea na hunturu
Kula da azaleas a cikin hunturu yana da mahimmanci kamar yadda a wasu lokutan yanayi. Sau da yawa sun fi son ciyayi masu bushewa don juriya sanyi, amma mafi nau'in jinsin masu hankali suna buƙatar ƙarin mafaka daga agrofiber, rufin ji, firam ɗin. A cikin bazara an cire su.
Tsoffin bishiyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin daji sun sha ruwa, bayan an yi ruwa a kusa da bushes su yada wani takin takin daga haushi, ganyayyaki da ganyen itacen oak Wannan hanyar aikin agrotechlete yana kiyaye tushen daga bushewa da canjin yanayin zafin jiki.
Siffofin furanni masu fure
Dangane da lokacin fure, kowane nau'in azaleas na lambu na iya zama nau'ikan 3:
- farkon fure (furanni na farko sun bayyana a watan Disamba);
- fure na matsakaici (bayyanar furanni yana faruwa a watan Fabrairu);
- marigayi rawaya (furanni sun bayyana a watan Afrilu).
A karon farko, wani matashi mai shuka yayi fure tsawon shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki. Tare da kulawar da ta dace da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, wannan tsari yana gudana daga makonni 2 zuwa watanni 2.5.
Lura! Idan yayin dasa shuki dasa shuki an dasa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri, fure na iya tsayawa. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar mayar da fure zuwa ainihin wurin.
Furannin Azalea furanni ne mai laushi ko lebur, launi ɗaya ko sautin biyu. Wasu nau'ikan suna da halin ƙanshi mai daɗi. An bambanta manyan nau'ikan furanni 4 ta siffar:
- M (5-6 petals).
- Terry (yawan petals daban-daban, wasu an kafa su ne daga stamens).
- Kyakkyawan "fure a cikin fure" (furannin 10-12, kofin da ake yi fure).
- Terry "fure a fure" (fure 30 ko fiye).
Azalea Bayani
Hanyoyin yada fure
An dasa bishiyoyin kayan ado a cikin hanyoyi da yawa: tsaba, yan itace, keɓaɓɓen (rarraba daji). Ba a taɓa yin amfani da hanyar iri ba, saboda tsire-tsire na fure zai jira na dogon lokaci. Yankan shine aiki mai saurin ɗaukar nauyi wanda yakai tsawon watanni 1.5-4. Yi a farkon bazara.
Hanya mafi sauki don yaduwar amfanin gona shine ta hanyar yin farantin lokacin da aka saita kafaffun gefen kamar kusa da kasa-wuri kuma yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Bayan tushen, sun rabu. Zai fi kyau a yi a cikin bazara, kafin motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Matsaloli masu tasowa, cututtuka da kwari
Lambun Azalea na iya fama da cututtukan fungal da kwari tare da kulawa mara kyau. A mafi yawan cututtuka da na kowa na daji ne rot, tsatsa, ganye spotting. A cikin yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta, fesa tare da fungicides ko jan karfe na jan karfe na taimakawa.
Informationarin bayani! Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta suna taimakawa kawar da kwari masu rarrafe (aphids, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, fararen fata, ƙwayoyin fari).
Wasu lokuta masu noman fure suna fuskantar abin mamaki kamar rashin fure. Akwai wasu dalilai da yawa:
- acidity na ƙasa mara kyau;
- karancin haske na yanayi;
- rashin danshi;
- ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iska;
- karancin abinci ko mafi yawan takin zamani.
Cutar fitsari
Bushes na ado na asali yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Ba tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun ba, za su yi birgima, amma, idan an cika duk abubuwan da ake buƙata, azalea za su yi godiya tare da dogon fure.
