Yawancin launuka masu launuka da sifofi na launuka masu launi na kalatea suna da ban mamaki, palette bakan gizo yana kama ido, kuma kawai kuna so ku kawo irin wannan mu'ujiza gida don haskaka shi da launuka na tropics. Rashin kulawa da damuwa a cikin gida wanda yake buƙatar takamaiman lokacin aiki da aiki, da sauri ya lashe zuciyar masu sha'awar duniyar fulawa.
Game da tarihin bayyanar
Theasar haihuwar Calathea ita ce Kudancin Amurka. Sunansa na yau da kullun shine galatea, a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa - calatea.
Tsarkakakken tsarkakakkun inuwar mabarnata
Sunan farko na fure shine "Inca kambi"; calathea ta karbe ta saboda bayyanar fure da kuma rarrabawa: Peru, Brazil, Bolivia.
Na biyu - “furen addu’a”, saboda gaskiyar cewa ganyayenta sun tashi da yamma, suna bayyana ƙananan gefen, kuma da safe suna faɗuwa ga matsayinsu na farko, suna kama da hannayen da aka ɗaga a cikin salla.
Masu cin nasarar yaƙi, masu nasara a kan Sipaniya da Fotigal, suka kawo shuka zuwa Turai.
Menene Calathea yayi kama?
Wannan tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na gandun daji na Marantaceae tare da tushen tsarin a cikin nau'i na rhizomes - 'yan asalin ga gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka. A cikin daji, akwai nau'ikan sama da 130.
Wasu nau'in suna girma zuwa tsayi na cm cm 80. Harbi har ila yau ana yin harbi a ƙasa, tare da rhizomes na sama, daga abin da suke girma harbe a tsaye tare da rosettes a kansu.
Babban ado na tsire-tsire - ganyayyakinsu suna fitowa kai tsaye daga rosette na basal. Suna da girma sosai, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, a cikin nau'i na m, ellipse ko elongated. Suna jujjuyawa da rana, suna kallon rana, Da maraice sukan farka.
Dankali ta calathea
Furanni Calathea suna kirkirar-kamar-fure ko kuma zagaye-zagaye. Paarar launuka masu launuka sun bambanta sosai. Tsarin asali na fure yana ba da izinin pollination kawai ta ƙananan ƙudan zuma.
Yawancin nau'ikan
Ana ɗauka masu zuwa shahararrun shahararrun.
Calathea taguwar
Calathea a karkace, ko kuma ana kiranta da zebra-dimbin yawa (Calathea zebrina), tare da ganye mai duhu mai duhu mai haske a cikin sifar katakon lemo, wanda yanayin sautin mai haske a tsakiyar jijiya da layin da yawa da suka fice daga shi a kusurwa zuwa ga alama ana alamta su.
Calathea Mix
Hadin Calathea yana da kama da kama da taguwa, kawai bambanci shine kasancewa yana da tsari iri ɗaya kamar taguwar, amma sautunan duhu akan haske.
Calathea Bachem
Calathea bachemiana, ko maranta bachemiana, wanda ya fito daga wurare masu zafi na Brazil da daɗewa fiye da wasu, ya fara girma kamar ƙaramin gida ba da daɗewa ba.
Ganyen calathea Bachem tare da tsarin kama da reshe
Monocotyledonous stemless shuka tare da rhizome. Isan daji ba shi da ƙima. Lancet-elongated light green ganye na Bachem calathea an yi musu ado tare da tsarin kore mai duhu wanda yake kama da reshe dake tsakiyar farantin. Wannan shine daya daga cikin wakilan jinsunan marasa misaltawa.
Calathea Warszewicz (Calathea warscewiczii)
Tana da ruwan duhu mai duhu mai duhu wacce take da launuka masu launuka masu haske. Murmushin takardar ya kasance mai launin shuɗi.
Spike inflorescences su ne ruwan hoda ko cream.
Calathea Varshevich
Kula da Calathea a Gida
Yadda za a kula da bukatar calathea a gida? Ofan kurmi, masara, yana buƙatar ƙauna duk shekara. Ba ta son zayyanawa, yanayin aiki, canjin yanayi mai kauri da canjin haske. Girmarsa yana ci gaba koyaushe, wanda ke nufin cewa ana buƙatar takin ƙasa koyaushe, allurai kawai suke canzawa.
Kuna buƙatar shayar da fure tare da gefen tukunyar kuma tabbatar cewa ruwa ba ya shiga tsakiyar hanyar. Bayan ruwa, cire sauran ruwa daga sump. Fesa da kuma nuna ruwa, ban da hydration, suna taimakawa cire turɓaya kuma suna zama rigakafi a cikin kulawar kwaro.
Informationarin Bayani. Kyakkyawan shuka ba zai ci karo da kwari ba; furanni masu rauni wadanda ke rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi suna fama da su.
Tukwane yana da kyau a zabi babba da maras kyau, saboda ci gaba ya ninka sosai.
Zazzabi
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki a lokacin rani a lokacin rana zai kasance 22-25 ° C, da dare - ba ƙasa da 18 ° C ba. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na rana a matakin 18-20 ° С, da dare - 16 ° С. Shuka ba ya yarda da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi.
Haske
Babban mahimmanci don tabbatar da fure shine zaɓin da ya dace na haske. Tare da wuce haddi, ganyayyaki sun fara samo launin ruwan kasa. Rashin hasken rana yana haifar da asarar launi na ganyayyaki, tare da shi da kuma adon fure. A bu mai kyau a sanya tukunya a kan windows windows din da ke fuskantar gabas ko yamma.
Watse
Ya kamata a bi da ruwa sosai a hankali, musamman lokacin rani. Bugu da ƙari ga shayar kai tsaye, zaku iya sake shirya shuka a kan wata pallet tare da rigar peat.
A lokacin da overdrying da waterlogging earthen coma ganye suna folded, da gefuna bushe.
Mahimmanci! Ruwa da shuka kawai da ruwa mai laushi mai laushi. Ruwan sanyi zai haifar da laushi da lalacewar ganyayyaki. Idan baku dauki matakan ragin tsarin ban ruwa ba, calatea na iya sake saita su gaba daya.
Fesa
Furen yana ƙaunar fesawa, amma wasu nau'in ganye tare da ganye masu ƙyalli ba sa yin haƙuri da wannan hanyar - tana haifar da bayyanar launin toka.
Haushi
Shuka yana buƙatar iska mai laushi sosai, yana da amfani sau da yawa don sanyaya shi daga bindiga mai feshi ko shigar da na'urar hura wutar lantarki kusa. Kuna iya sanya kwano na ruwa kusa da fure.
Kasar
Soilasa don calathea ya kamata ya zama ɗan acidic. Ilsasan da aka siya don azaleas da orchids, waɗanda aka cakuda su daidai, ƙara yashi da perlite, suna da kyau.
Blooms Calathea Varshevich
Za'a iya shirya cakuda da kansa ta hanyar haɗawa:
- Sheet ƙasa - sassan 2;
- Humus - bangare 1;
- Peat - 1 sashi;
- Sand - 1/2 bangare.
Manyan miya
Don ciyarwa, takin mai magani na ruwa wanda aka tsara don tsire-tsire na cikin gida na iya zama ya dace. An rage yawan maida hankali ne da rabi, idan aka kwatanta da abin da aka nuna a umarnin.
Yi kayan miya bayan an yi ruwa sau biyu a wata a lokacin ciyawar da ke tashi daga fure (bazara-bazara). A sauran shekara, lokaci 1 cikin wata daya da rabi ya isa.
Kula! Rashin isasshen ƙwayar cuta da wuce gona da iri suna cutar da yanayin calathea, kamar yadda sauyin launin launi ya nuna: suna ɗaukar launin shuɗi. Kasancewar salis din karafa a cikin takin zamani ya kasance mai cutarwa gareshi.
Yayin hutawa
Lokacin hunturu na fure yana da dangi, saboda bishiyoyi na Amaranth suna ci gaba da girma a lokacin kaka-hunturu. Ana yin takin ƙasa sau da yawa, rage allurai. Ya kamata a guji ambaliyar ruwa, saboda a ƙananan zafin jiki wannan an cika shi da jujjuyawar Tushen, wanda ke faruwa da sauri; wani lokacin ba shi yiwuwa a ceci tsiron.
Mai jan tsami
Babu buƙatar yin girki na yau da kullun. Kawai bushe da lalace ganye ya kamata a cire a kan lokaci.
Ta yaya calathea ke haihuwa
Propagate calatea ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- Shuka tsaba;
- Yanke;
- Ruwan iska.
Shuka shuka
Bayan gaskiyar cewa wannan ita ce hanya mafi rikitarwa kuma mai amfani tsawon lokaci, sakamakon ba koyaushe bane wanda ake tsammani - sakamakon samfurin zai kasance da bambanci daban-daban fiye da shuka na iyaye. Shuka ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙasa ba ta da ƙaranci, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shuka ƙarin tsaba don samun sakamako mai kyau.
Mataki-mataki-mataki ne kamar haka. Shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena mara zurfi da aka cika tare da cakuda katako da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1. Tainunshi a zazzabi na 21-25 ° C. Bayan germination, seedlings nutse idan sun girma, dasa a cikin tukwane.
Informationarin Bayani. Yawancin shayarwa ana amfani da wannan hanyar.
Rooting cuttings
Yiwuwar kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin wannan yanayin yana daɗaɗawa kaɗan. A tushe an iya raba shi ba tare da lahani ba idan ci gaban ya kasance akan shuka na iyayen da aka yanke. An dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, an rufe shi da gilashi ko fim har sai Tushen ya bayyana.
Sama kwance
Don wannan hanyar, tushe yana toshe ƙasa, an tabbatar dashi, an yayyafa shi da sauƙi kuma an shayar dashi. Bayan samuwar Tushen nasu, ana yanka yadudduka a hankali daga dasa iyayen da aka dasa.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka
Mafi saukin komai shine yaduwar ganye na Kalate, wanda galibi ya ƙare da gazawa. An zaɓi ganye mai lafiya, an raba shi daga tsire kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai santsi. Rufe tare da gilashi har sai Tushen ya bayyana.
Don samun sabon misali, galibi suna amfani da rarrabuwa na daji, wannan hanyar tana da sauki, kuma tana riƙe da halayen jinsin.
Iri daban-daban na Calathea
Lokacin juyawa calathea daga shekaru 3, rhizome ya kasu kashi biyu a hankali, ya bar wani sashi mai kyau akan kowane "rarrabawa", yayin karɓar tsire-tsire manya a lokaci ɗaya. Tushen interwoven an yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi. Ana kula da wuraren da aka yanke tare da toka na itace.
Kowane "rara" ana shuka shi a cikin akwati, yana bacci tare da cakuda peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1, ana shayar da yalwa da hagu har sai peat ta bushe. Rufe tare da fim, yin ramuka don isa ga iska, ana shayar da yadda ƙasa ke bushewa.
Juyawa
Wani fasalin calathea shine aikin tushen saiti, wanda yake sakin abubuwa a cikin ƙasa wanda ke lalata ingancinsa. Bugu da kari, Tushen basu da tushe daga farfajiya. Abin da ya sa ci gaban fure na yiwuwa tare da sauyawa na duniya, wanda ke faruwa yayin dasawa.
Dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire matasa a kowace bazara. Lokacin da ya kai shekaru hudu, ana aiwatar da dasawa cikin shekara guda. Zai fi kyau yin wannan a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar akwati, fifiko yakamata a baiwa babban tukunya, mara nauyi.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Ba shi da sauƙi ga fure ya daidaita da yanayin ɗakin. Fiye da a cikin tukunya, yana ji a cikin taranti, inda ya fi sauƙi don ƙirƙirar zafi mai zafi.
Haskakawar haske sosai, musamman a hasken rana kai tsaye, na iya haifar da asarar launi da bushe ganyayyaki. Don guje wa wannan, suna canja wurin kalatea zuwa wani wuri mai haske inda babu hasken rana kai tsaye.
Me yasa calatheas ya bushe tukwicin ganyen
Idan dakin yayi bushewar iska, ƙarshen ganyen ya zama launin ruwan kasa da bushe, wanda zai murɗa takardar a cikin bututu. Girma da haɓaka suna raguwa.
Haske. Don ƙirƙirar babban zafi, kuna buƙatar fesa shuka, in ba haka ba gizo-gizo gizo-gizo na iya bayyana.
Wajibi ne a cire ganyen da ya mutu.
Me yasa calatheas ya juya da ganye
Rashin danshi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ganyen ya fara yin toka da curl, sannan sai ya faɗi. A lokacin tsirrai masu aiki, dole ne a kiyaye tufatar da ƙasa don kada ta bushe a tsakanin ruwa.
Leaf fadowa ana lalacewa ta hanyar bushe ƙasa sosai. Don kawar da wannan sabon abu, zaku iya sanya fure a cikin farfajiyar, lambun kwalban, amfani da spraying na yau da kullun ko sanya peat rigar a kusa da shuka.
Karin kwari
Take hakkin da dokoki domin abun ciki na calathea take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar kwari da cututtuka. Karin maganin Calathea iri daya ne da yawancin gidajen yara.
Scabies suna kan ƙasan ganye, ba sa motsawa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki. Ganyen ya zama rawaya ya fadi, harbe ya mutu.
Kasancewar kwaro yana nunawa ta hanyar bayyanar murfin m akan ganyayyaki, daga baya wani naman alade yana zaune a kansa. Domin kada ya ɓace shuka, yaƙin yana farawa nan da nan, sarrafa karbofosom ko "Actellik".
Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo gizo za su iya sauka a kan ƙananan faranti na ganye, cobwebs na bakin ciki suna ba da rahoton wannan, wannan saboda rashin zafi ne a cikin ɗakin. Bar fara juya launin rawaya da crumble. Don kaucewa lalacewa ta hanyar mite gizo-gizo, ana feshin ganyen a ɓangarorin biyu, ana shirya ɗakin wanka mai zafi kowane kwana 2-3.
Spider mite ganyen calathea
Tare da mamayar kwari da yawa, magani tare da Actellik da Fitoverm magunguna za a buƙata.
Ta hanyar bayyanar ganye, yana da sauki a tantance cutar fure. A cikin ingantaccen shuka, suna da kyau, tare da launi mai launi; a cikin marasa lafiya, sun juya launin rawaya da curl.
Don gano dalilin da kuma bi da fure, kuna buƙatar sanin menene kuskure a cikin kulawa da kiyayewa, kawar dasu zai dawo da calathea zuwa rayuwa.
Duk da karuwar buƙatar kulawa, fure na cikin gida na calathea yana samun farin jini sosai, yana ƙaruwa da yawan masoya da ke da hannu a cikin namo da kiwo na shuka mai ban sha'awa, wanda ake ɗauka alama ce ta farin ciki na iyali.
