Kwanan dabino itace itace wacce take cin 'ya'yan itace masu dadi - ranakun sun girma. An rarraba tsire-tsire musamman a Asiya da Afirka. A cikin kasashen Turai, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana shuka girma nau'in tsire-tsire masu ado. Hannun dabino na ranar Phoenix ya sami sananne sosai saboda yiwuwar girma daga dutse da sauƙi na kulawa.
Tarihin bishiyar kwanan wata
Masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano cewa kwanakin sun girma a kasar Masar a cikin Neolithic, da kuma gabar Tekun Indiya - a farkon zamanin Bronze. Akwai shaidun da suka nuna cewa an shuka bishiyoyi a yankuna na Iran na zamani har zuwa ƙarni na 6 BC.
Itace dabino tare da kwanuka
A cewar almara, ana ganin dabino a matsayin bishiyar rayuwa, wanda ke nuna rashin mutuwa da sabuntawa. A cikin kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya, an ayyana dabino a matsayin "bishiya daga sarari". Mutanen zamanin da sun gaskata cewa kwanakin wata itaciya ce da ake iya kiran 'ya'yan itaciyar abincin alloli da mutanen farko a duniya.
An yi la'akari da dabino alama ce ta dukiya da kyakkyawan girbi. Mutanen zamanin da sun gaskata cewa busassun fruitsa ofan dabino na dabino yana da tasirin warkarwa a jiki baki ɗaya. Wannan itace ake bautawa kuma aka bayyana ta a cikin aya, kuma yawancin masu zane suna nuna shi akan kayan kwalliyar su. Martiros Saryan "dabino na kwanan wata" - sanannen aiki ne da mawakin ya rubuta a 1911.
Dabino kwanan wata ado
A cikin kasashen Turai, bishiyun kwanan wata suna girma ba da dadewa ba kuma galibi kamar fure ne.
Bayani Gabaɗaya
Kwancen dabino (Latin - Phoenix dactylifera) mallakar gidan Palm (Arecaceae). Matsakaicin tsayi na bishiyar shine mita 12-32. Matsakaicin girman girma na shuka shine kusan cm 50 a shekara. Yana dan shekara 15, dabino ya kai tsawan mita 7. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kututturen dabino shaggy ne, daga tushe daga ganye mai ganye.
An kawata saman dabino kwanan wata tare da kayan ganye na ganye na 15, wanda ya kai mita biyar a tsayi. Dogon tsoka inflorescences an kafa su a cikin axils na ganye. A lokacin ripening, da inflorescences tanƙwara a karkashin nauyi.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kwanakin kwanan wata ne, suna daɗaɗɗiya ko m, sun kai 2-7 cm a tsayi kuma tsawon cm 3.5 Kwanan wata - 'ya'yan itace ne cikakke, a cikakke iri ne launin shuɗi-launin ruwan hoda ko ja-chestnut a launi.
Ban sha'awa! 'Ya'yan itãcen kwanan wata suna da darajar abinci mai mahimmanci kuma jikin mutum yana sauƙaƙe. Ta dandano, ana iya kiran kwanan wata fruitasertan kayan zaki.
Tana da nama mai daɗin ci, wanda acikinta aka sami ɓoyayyiyar ƙashi tare da ƙara tsayi a gefen sa. Don cikakken farfadowa, ana buƙatar zafin jiki na iska mai kusan digiri 35-40.
'Ya'yan itãcen itacen dabino suna cinye sabo, da bushe, bushe da sarƙo iri iri. Ba a adana 'ya'yan itacun sabo ba tsawon lokaci, sabili da haka, akan kantin shelves ana gabatar da su a cikin' ya'yan itace bushe. Kwanan pitted, menene - 'ya'yan itacen dabino, daga wanda aka cire iri kafin bushewa.
Kwanan wata dabino na dabino a yanayi na zahiri.
Dandano kwanan wata yana da daɗi, wani lokacin ma har sun yi yawa, ya danganta da nau'ikan. Yaya yawan sukari da ke cikin busassun kwanakin tare da tsaba - 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen dabino na kwanan wata suna ɗauke da kashi 60-65% (yawanci fructose da glucose, wanda ba ya cutar da jiki), ya fi na sauran 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
Yankunan rarraba
Kwanon dabino ya girma a cikin yankuna masu yanayin zafi kuma zai iya jure yanayin sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Itacen ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Turai, Asiya, Indiya, Afirka, birnin Luxor, Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya. Kwanan Canarian da Robelins sun fi so su yi girma a kan wuraren rairayin bakin teku, duwatsu da kan dutse. Ranar dabino na dabino na girma a cikin mayukan da ke cikin jejin Libiya da na Nubian.
Iri na Penix Palm
Fiye da nau'ikan bishiyoyi 17 da aka sani da suka girma kamar tsintsiyar gida da bishiyar itace. Mafi yawan nau'ikan dabino na dabino sun haɗa da:
- Canary (canariensis);
- Palmate;
- Robelini (roebelenii).
Canary
Kwancen Canary - a cikin mazaunin halitta, gangar jikin bishiyar columnar ya yi girma zuwa mita 15, tsayinsa yakai mita 1. A karkashin yanayi na cikin gida, shuka ya fi ƙanƙanta. Canjin dabino na Canary ya isa ya zama babban keɓaɓɓen ganyen launuka masu launi na malachite.
Canary Date Palm
Furen itacen yana faruwa ne kawai a yanayi, a cikin yanayin kulawar gida ba ya shuka. Kwancen Canary a cikin kulawa na gida suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali ga tsarin shayarwa kuma tabbatar da kyakkyawan hasken.
Palmate
Kwanan dabino - a yanayi, gungumen itace ya kai mita 30 a tsayi da kuma santimita 30 a kewayen. A kan akwati daga itacen suna da yawa daga petioles na bushe ganye. Ganyen suna daban, tsawon tsayi (tsawan mit shida), ana shirya su a yanayi mai kama da bouquet a saman kai.
Kula! Saboda girman girma, an shuka tsire-tsire matasa a gida.
Dabino dabino
Robelini
Kwanan wata Robelini itace mai ganga-ko-ganga ko guda ɗaya, tana girma zuwa mita 1-3 a tsayi. Gangar jikin a cikin da'irar kusan cm 10 .. Ganyen suna pinnate, na tsawon matsakaici (har zuwa mita 1-2), launinsu duhu duhu ne.
Kwanan wata Robelini
Saboda ƙananan girmanta da jinkirin girma, wannan nau'in yana da sauƙin shuka a gida.
Kulawar Gida
Ka'idojin kula da dabino iri ɗaya ne da na sauran dabbobin dabino.
Haske
Itace ranar tana ƙaunar haske mai kyau, amma zai ji daɗi ko da a cikin inuwa m. Za a iya tukunya da shuka a kan windowsill na taga ko yamma. Don kambi ya haɓaka a hankali, tsire yana buƙatar buɗe haske, ya kamata kuma ya kamata kai tsaye juya shi tare da bangarori daban-daban zuwa asalin hasken.
Itace dabino a cikin tukunyar bene
A lokacin rani, lokacin da dare yayi sanyi kuma zazzabi baya sauka a kasa +12, zaku iya ci gaba da dabino a waje a gonar, a karkashin inuwar sauran bishiyoyi. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to yana da kyau ɗaukar tsire zuwa loggia ko baranda, amma ku ba shi kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Mahimmanci! Idan ba a juya dabino a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban ba zuwa rana, rawanin zai ci gaba sosai a gefe ɗaya.
Watse
Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a gida, dole ne a samar da shuka tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun. Karka bari a bushe bushewar kosai a cikin tukunya. Da zaran saman Layer (2-3 cm) na ƙasa ya bushe, ya zama dole don shayar da shi. A lokacin girma girma (daga farkon Afrilu - Agusta), dabino yana buƙatar mafi girman yawan shayarwa.
A lokacin tsananin zafi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kowace kwana biyu kuma ana fesa ganye sau ɗaya a rana. A lokacin dormancy (Satumba - ƙarshen Maris), ya kamata a shayar da shuka ƙasa sau da yawa (ba fiye da 1 lokaci na mako daya) kuma ba haka ba sosai.
Ruwan dabino daga igiyar ruwa
Don kula da danshi na ƙasa, zaku iya sa tukunya da shuka a kan wata takarda tare da yumɓu da ƙura da aka ɗinka ko kuma gansakuka. Lokacin da kake shayar da itacen dabino, kada a zuba ruwa mai yawa, in ba haka ba, saboda danshi mai ƙarfi na ƙasa, Tushen na iya lalacewa kuma tsirin zai mutu. Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa tukunyar tana sanye da kyawawan magudanar ruwa.
Zazzabi da zafi
A cikin bazara da watanni na lokacin bazara, lokacin da ake aiki da ciyayi, ana ganin + 20-25 ° C shine madaidaicin zafin jiki don aikin bishiyar. A lokacin lalatattu (kaka, hunturu), zazzabi iska mafi kyau ga shuka ana ɗaukar + 15-18 ° C, amma akwai irin waɗannan dabino na dabino waɗanda hunturu da kyau a + 8-10 ° C.
Lokacin adana itace, yana da kyau a lasafta cewa ya ta da kyau ga daftarin aiki. Ganyayyaki na iya duhu ko faɗuwa gaba ɗaya. Hakanan, shuka yana da tsarin tushen mai hankali mai mahimmanci, saboda haka tukunyar da ke da dabino kada a sa shi a ƙasa mai sanyi na marmara ko sill taga ba.
Itace tana matukar son zafi, kuma mafi girman shi, shine mafi kyau (kusan kashi 70-85). An bada shawara don shigar da humidifiers a cikin dakin da shuka ke tsaye, kuma a kai a kai suna fesa ganye tare da ruwan da aka tace ɗumi.
Ruwa
Sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu, kuna buƙatar shafa ganyen dabino tare da soso mai laushi. Sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7, yana da daraja a sanyaya kayan shuka daga shawa, yayin da ruwan ya kasance mai laushi da taushi.
Manyan miya
A cikin lokacin tsiro mai aiki, dabino ya zama takin ne sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 14. A lokacin dormancy, ana amfani da takin mai magani sau ɗaya kowace kwana 30. Ana amfani dasu a cikin nau'in ruwa. Haɗin kayan haɗin kai don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali da ma'adinai na musamman da hadaddun kwayoyin don dabino an ɗauka mafi kyau.
Ana ciyar da shuka ta hanyar hanyar tushe da kuma ta foliar, fesa ganyen shuka tare da taki. Don haɓaka mai kyau a cikin ƙwayar ganye na dabino, ana buƙatar adadin nitrogen.
Juyawa
Duk da gaskiyar cewa kwanan wata dabino ba ya son daukar hoto, har yanzu ana buƙatar sake yada shi. Plantsananan tsire-tsire, masu shekaru 1-5, suna buƙatar dasawa shekara-shekara. Yakamata a dasa bishiyoyin dabino fiye da shekara 5 a kowace shekara 2-3.
Juyin yana gudana ne ta hanyar jingina tare da tsohuwar dunƙule. Da farko, ana sanya matattarar magudanar yumbu a kasan sabuwar tukunya, sannan an sanya itacen dabino tare da tsohuwar ƙasa kuma a yayyafa shi da adadin da zai zama sabon cakuda ƙasa.
Canza shuka a cikin sabon tukunya
Lokacin dasawa, yakamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa tukunya don shuka dole ne a zaɓa sosai, tunda tushen itacen dabino yayi tsawo. Don dasawa dabino na kwanan wata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna amfani da wannan zaɓi na ƙasa: turf, ƙasa takardar da yashi. An ɗauka duk abubuwan da aka gyara daidai gwargwado.
Matsalar Girma Palm
Idan baku bi ka'idodi na kulawa mai mahimmanci ba, shayar da shi mai yawa ko kaɗan, to nan da nan shuka zai iya yin rashin lafiya, kwari na iya bayyana koda.
Kwari da kwari
Mafi yawan kwari da suka fi kaiwa hari dabino kwanan wata:
- Red gizo-gizo mite. Wannan kwari, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana farawa ne da shayarwa mara kyau da rashin yarda da yanayin zazzabi a cikin dakin. Da farko, kaska tana shafar mai tushe sannan kuma dabino ya fita;
- Garkuwa. Wadannan kwari suna kama da dige masu launin ruwan kasa. Sun buge saman ganyayen, suna shan duk ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su. A sakamakon haka, ganyen dake dabino ya fara jujjuya bishi, bushewa ya fadi;
- Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo ne talakawa. Wannan kwaro na iya bayyana saboda iska sosai a cikin iska. Lokacin da wannan kwaro ya shafa wannan kwaro, za'a iya ganin ƙaramin cobweb akan ganye.
Bar bushe a itacen dabino
- Tsarin Powdery. Wannan kwaro ya shafi tushe na shuka da ganyen kansu. Idan ba a ɗauki wani mataki ba, itacen zai bushe da sauri;
- Thrips. Smallananann ƙananan matattara waɗanda ke sa ƙwayayensu a kan ganyen dabino. Idan shuka yana kamuwa, ana iya ganin aibobi launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki, da fari a waje.
Idan an gano waɗannan kwari, bai kamata ku firgita ba - abu ne mai yiwuwa a warƙar da shuka.
Za'a iya shawo kan magungunan kwari ta amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Cire kayan inji tare da soso da sabulu;
- Fesa tare da kwayoyi: Pyrethrum, Fosfamide, Actellik, Fitoverm. Ana amfani da waɗannan kudaden ta hanyar mafita, ta amfani da gram 2 na magani a kowace lita na ruwa;
- Ta hanyar kulawa da ganyayyaki da kuma kara tare da giya (an yayyafa wuraren da aka shafa tare da dusar auduga mai rigar, aka feshe da ruwa).
Informationarin bayani. Wajibi ne a bincika akwati, ganyayyaki da mai tushe na dabino domin lura da kwari wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Cututtukan gama gari
Dabino na kwanan wata bawai kawai kwari bane, har ma da cututtuka.
Hannun ganyayyaki sun bushe
A matsayinka na mai mulki, dabaran ganye suna fara bushewa a cikin dabino na itacen ba tare da wadataccen ruwa ba, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe sosai. Wani dalili shine rashin takin zamani. Idan ana aiwatar da shayarwa a kai a kai, kuma ana amfani da sutturar miya a kan kari, to dalili na iya zama a cikin ƙurar ƙasa sosai a tushen sa.
Wannan na faruwa tare da isasshen sako-sako da ƙasa. Zaku iya magance matsalar ta hanyar cire shukar daga tukunyar, tsaftace tushen da kuma sake haɗawa a wani tukunyar, amma tabbatar da kwanciya matattarar ruwa a ƙasa.
Bar juya launin rawaya
Idan ganyayyaki ya zama rawaya a cikin dabino, wannan yana nuna cewa ko dai an shayar da shi sosai, ko kuma ba a gabatar da isasshen ƙwayar abinci mai gina jiki ba. Hakanan, dalilin na iya zama ban ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsauri kuma iska mai bushe sosai a cikin dakin.
Ganyayyaki sun bushe
Zaku iya magance matsalar ta hanyar fesawa sau da yawa kuma ku sha tare da tsarkakakken ruwan dumi.
Brown ya fita
Abin da ya sa ganye launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a kan itacen dabino - an shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa ko bushewar jini. Don adana itacen, kuna buƙatar cire shi daga tukunya kuma bincika Tushen, yanke waɗanda lalatattun, yayyafa da baƙin ƙarfe da kuma dasa shuki a cikin sabuwar ƙasa.
Yadda ake yin dabino daga kashi na kwanan wata
Rashin daidaiton dabino shine cewa za'a iya girma daga zuriya. Don kiwo don faruwa, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi waɗancan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ba a taɓa jinyarsu ba. Irin wannan dabino kawai ba zai yi 'ya'ya ba.
Kwanan wata ƙasusuwa, ƙasashe da aka yi da furanni
Tsarin kashi da tsiro
Rarrabe kashi daga kwanakin, kurkura sosai kuma jiƙa a cikin ruwa mai dumi har kwana ɗaya. Don mafi kyau germination, fatar kan mutum za a iya scalded ta ruwan zãfi. Na gaba, dole ne a saka tsaba a ranar Layer na auduga na ulu mai rufi kuma an rufe shi da wani Layer.
Sanya ulu na auduga a cikin akwati kuma sanya a cikin wuri mai ɗumi don shuka. Wajibi ne a sanyaya auduga a ko da yaushe kuma a tabbata cewa mold bai bayyana ba. Zai iya ɗaukar fiye da wata daya don yin shuka, saboda haka ku yi haƙuri.
Selectionasa zaɓi da saukowa
Lokacin da tsiron ya bayyana a cikin kashi, ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya. Don shirye-shiryen sa: turf, peat, sawdust da humus daidai adadin. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kayan adon kaya na dabino.
Mahimmanci! saka Layer magudanar ruwa a kasan tanki. Don zurfafa kashi na uku a cikin ƙasa. Sanya akwati tare da shimfidar wuri a cikin wurin dumi. Rike ƙasa a cikin akwati a ɗan jika. Za'a iya shimfiɗa moss na sphagnum ɗin a saman ƙasa.
Kulawar Sprout
Farkon harbe ya bayyana a cikin watanni 1-6. Lokacin da suka girma zuwa santimita 10-15, dole ne a watsa su cikin tukwane daban. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tukwane masu tsayi, kamar yadda tsawon sa yayi girma a ranar. Wannan ya biyo bayan juyawa shekara-shekara zuwa tukunya mafi girma.
A lokacin girma na kananan tsire-tsire, ba a aiwatar da pruning ba, tun da tushen ci gaban is located a saman sosai. Hakanan, masu tonon suna buƙatar samar da cikakken hasken rana da kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska.
Girma dabino na rana a gida shine mafarkin yawancin lambu, ana iya fassara shi cikin gaskiya, kawai dole ne ku ɗan ƙara ƙoƙari da haƙuri.
