Labarin bayyanar wannan nau'ikan iri-iri ya fara ne da cewa an kawo sababbin nau'ikan guzberi daga Amurka zuwa Burtaniya. Tare da su sun zo da cutar da ba a taɓa sani ba a Turai - mildew powdery, ko sferotek. Cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, ta lalata yawancin nau'ikan gida daban, kuma ta isa Rasha.
A cikin 1920, masanin ilimin halitta na Rasha da mai shayarwa I.V. Michurin ya ba da kansa ga aikin haɓaka nau'ikan da ke tsayayya da cutar, amma a lokaci guda yana da kyakkyawan dandano. Ya tsallake yaduwar Turai tare da Ba-Amurke, yana da rigakafi ga ɗakin karatu. Mai shayarwa baiyi shirin tara takardu don sabon iri ba, amma zaiyi amfani dashi don samun sabbin dabbobin. Amma wannan baƙar fata ta guba ta kasance mai son 'yan lambu sosai cewa ta sami karɓuwa da sunan Black Negus.
Sa gooseberries Black negus
Bayanin Al'adu
Bushes na black negus suna da ƙarfi, masu yaduwa, suna iya kaiwa zuwa 2 m tsawo. Siffar wannan nau'in itace ƙaya ne (ƙwal zai iya kaiwa tsawon 2 cm), wanda Negus ya gada daga magabacin Amurkawa na daji.
Halayen berries
A baki berries girma a kan wannan guzberi ba sabon abu ba ne ga wannan nau'in: ƙarami, gaba ɗaya mai santsi, wani lokacin tare da ɗan alamar fure, riƙe da kyau a daji, har ma da overripe berries ba su faɗi. Duffawar 'ya'yan itacen Negus mai taushi ne, maroon, tsaba suna ƙanana, fatar fata ce mai kauri.
Don bayani! Ga waɗanda ba sa son spikes, Black Prince iri-iri ya dace - yana da kyauta-guzberi. Launin duhu, dandano mai ɗumi da ƙamshi na wannan guzirin ba zai bar kowa ba da damuwa.
Fasali Fasali
Black Negus gooseberries fara Bloom a watan Mayu. Berries ana sung duk a lokaci guda a cikin ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. A lokacin ripening zamani, da shrub yayi kyau sosai: black berries densely rufe rassan a kan gooseberries, kar a crack daga ruwan sama kuma zai iya sag har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Mahimmanci! A baki negus fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace da wuri, tare da kula sosai riga a cikin shekara ta biyu. Yawan amfanin da daji guda zai iya kaiwa kilo 7-8.
Ku ɗanɗani halaye
Black negus yana da ɗanɗano da baƙon abu: berries mai laushi da m, mai kama da Inabella inabi, suna da ƙanshin ƙamshi mai haske kawai ga wannan nau'in.
Kamfar ruwa da juriya
Tun da yake wannan iri-iri guzberi da aka bred a Rasha, an rarrabe ta sanyi juriya. Ba ya jin tsoron hunturu na Rasha: ba sanyi zuwa −25 ° C, ko sanyi mai sanyi, ko iska mai sanyi, saboda haka wannan nau'in ya samo tushe a duk yankuna na ƙasar.
Black negus za a iya kiransa da fari fari haƙuri, amma bushewa kasar gona rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Resistance da cututtuka da kwari
Wannan baƙar fata baƙar fata ta samo rigakafi ga cututtuka da kwari daga "dangi" na Amurka. Sphereotka, tsatsa da sauran cututtukan fungal ba su iya cutar da shi ba
Yin amfani da Berry
Launi mai haske da asali, wadataccen dandano na fruitsa ofan Black Negus sun sami matsayin su a cikin dafa abinci. Ana amfani dashi azaman canza launi na abinci, ana kuma amfani da gooseberries don yin giya da tinctures daban-daban. Giya baƙon Black Negus yana da dandano mai kyau da inzali mai ƙanshi, kazalika da launi mai launi mara kyau.
Guzberi jam
Berries na negus suna dauke da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, kuma adadin bitamin C a ciki ya fi na gooseberries na yau da kullun, don haka ana amfani dashi don yin juices, compotes da tsare.
Kula! Berries mai duhu yana ɗauke da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Idan akwai wani nau'in guzberi da ke da kyau don girma a cikin kowane shinge na lambu a kowane yanki na Rasha, to, wannan shi ne Black Negus guzberi, bayanin duk fa'idarsa zai iya ɗaukar sarari mai yawa, don haka a ƙasa su ne kawai mafi mahimmancin su:
- dandano mai ban mamaki;
- yawancin abubuwan gina jiki da bitamin;
- unpretentiousness;
- sanyi juriya;
- juriya daga cututtuka da kwari;
- bayyanar ban mamaki;
- kyakkyawan jigilar kaya da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye
Kula! Gooseberries suna da raguwa guda ɗaya - spikes, waɗanda ke sa wahalar girbi da kula da daji. Amma ana iya amfani da wannan debe don kyakkyawa: daga Black Negus an samo shinge mai ban sha'awa.
Dasa matasa seedlings a shafin
Seedlings ne mafi kyau amfani annuals, sun fi sauki yarda, ba su bukatar babban rami rami. Kafin dasa, ana bi da su da tsarin tushen-tushen bisa ga umarnin. Don kunna ci gaban tushen kafin dasa shuki, yanke tushen seedlings da ma'aurata santimita.
Lokaci da tsarin saukowa
Black negus zai daidai da riƙi tushe a cikin kaka da kuma bazara dasa. Amma idan kun shuka shuka a lokacin bazara, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa daga dasa shuki zuwa farkon sanyi, yakamata ya ɗauki watanni 1.5 don daji ya sami karbuwa, kuma tushen sa zai ƙarfafa kafin hunturu.
Shrub dasa
Mahimmanci! Black negus shine mai yaduwa iri, don haka lokacin da dasa rukunin rukuni, ya kamata a bar m tsakanin tsakanin seedlings da aƙalla 2 m tsakanin layuka.
Zabi wurin sauka
Don dasa shuki gooseberries, ya kamata ka zaɓi rana da ba wuri mai iska ba, amma don bambancin launuka iri-iri, Black Negus, yana yiwuwa a dasa a cikin ƙaramin inuwa.
Shrub ya kamata a dasa shi a kan tsayi (a cikin matsanancin yanayin, har ma) farfajiya, saboda danshi mai yawa yana cutarwa ga tushen shuka. Wurin da ruwan karkashin kasa ya hau kusa da shimfidar wuri shima bai dace da dasa ba.
Haɗin ƙasa ba shi da mahimmanci, gooseberries zai yi girma kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya a kan kowane ƙasa banda yumɓu. Amma domin shuka ya kai ga cikakken ƙarfinsa kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya a yalwace, sun zaɓi ƙasa mai wadatacciyar ƙasa mai wadataccen takin gargajiya don shuka.
Shirya shafin
Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a tono ƙasa sannan a kawar da ciyayi tare da tushen sa, domin lokacin da ciyayi ƙaya ya girma, zai zama da matsala a tsaftace a ƙarƙashinsa.
Mahimmanci! Black negus ba ƙasa ba ne ga ƙasa, amma yana da kyau zaɓi zaɓi loam ko ƙasa loamy tare da pH na kusan 6. Idan an yi shuka a cikin yumɓu ko ƙasa mara kyau, to kuna buƙatar takin ta da humus ko takin.
Tsarin ƙasa
An haƙa rami na shuka tare da faɗin 40 cm da zurfin 50 cm, suna takin ƙasa (humus ko takin suna da kyau kamar takin, idan ba su can, to ana iya amfani da superphosphate da potassium), kuma ana zubar da ruwa. Tushen seedling ana tsoma shi cikin yumɓu mai yumɓu sannan aka saukar da shi cikin rami ƙarƙashin ƙaramin gangara don yayyafa tushen wuyansa da ƙasa na cm 5 Bayan dasa, an yanke seedlingsan itacen, yana barin budsanyun 4-6 a kowane. 'Ya'yan tsirrai suna shayar da su sosai, kimanin lita 10 na ruwa a kowace daji za a buƙata.
Ya kamata a shayar da ciyawa sosai
Siffofin kulawa na yanayi
Black negus yana buƙatar ƙaramin ruwa mai yawa amma mai yawa: sau 3-5 a kakar har zuwa lita 10-30 na ruwa ƙarƙashin tushen kowane shuki. Idan bazara ta bushe, to, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka sau da yawa.
Ana hada Gooseberries daga shekara 1-2 bayan dasawa. Ana yin riguna na sama sau 2 a shekara: a cikin bazara, har sai an buɗe budsan fure, kuma a cikin kaka.
Black guzberi ne mai matukar shuka, sabili da haka, domin ya rabu da m loosening da weeding, Treeks itace an rufe ciyawa.
Girma gooseberries a trellises
Girma gooseberries akan trellises yana sauƙaƙe girbi da kuma hanzarta yin tumatir. Rassan daji suna da fan, suna jagorantar su sama a saman trellis a nesa na kusan 20 cm daga juna.
Fesa da tsiro tare da jiko na peels na orange, albasa mai yaushi ko kuma tare da maganin Baikal-EM-1 zai kare shi daga aphids.
A farkon bazara kuma a ranar hawan hunturu Black negus yana buƙatar yanke, duk rassan da aka raunana, dole ne a cire ƙananan harbe da ba da ɗaukar harbe a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa. Don rassan shekaru 2 zuwa 7, ya kamata a yi rigakafin tsufa. A cikin bazara, yana da kyau a rage saman daji ta 1/3.
Kula! Don haɓaka girman berries, zaka iya datsa kore a lokacin rani, barin ganye 5-7 a kansu.
Don shirya gooseberries don hunturu, ya isa datsa da kuma shayar da shuka sosai. Heatarfin zafi na ƙasa yana ƙaruwa tare da adadin ruwa a ranar Hawan sanyi, ƙasa kuma zata zama mai sanyin hankali.
Ganyen Kirki
Kiwo
Black negus yana yaduwa a cikin daidaitattun hanyoyi.
- Yankan. A cikin kaka, an raba kananan harbe, a yanka a cikin ƙwaya tare da fure 3-4 kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a wani kusurwa na 45 ° don 1-2 buds kasance sama da ƙasa.
- Raba. An kakkarya bishiyar kuma ya kasu kashi biyu. Plantedayansu ana dasa shuki a cikin sabon wuri.
- Maimaitawa. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci don haifuwa: a cikin bazara, ɗayan harbe daga cikin daji yana lanƙwasa ƙasa da ƙasa. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire akai-akai, kuma bayan ci gaban sabbin harbe an ciyar da shi. A cikin kaka, sabon shuka ya rabu kuma yana dasawa.
- Harbi. Yanke sannan sai a dasa rassan da aka kafa kusa da gindin shuka. Wannan hanyar haihuwa ba ta dace da bushes girmi shekaru 8-9 ba.
- Rassan. Kyakkyawan ɓarnar da keɓaɓɓen reshe tare da wani ɓangare na tushen tushen an rabu da mahaifiyar shuka da kuma dasa shi zuwa wani wuri.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Don kare shuka daga kwari a farkon bazara, har sai an farkar da buds, ya kamata a bi da ita da ruwan zafi.
Kula! Shrubaya daga cikin ƙwayoyi yana cinye abin sha na ruwan zafi tare da ƙari na tsunkule na potassium permanganate da 1/3 teaspoon na boric acid.
A yau, masu shayarwa suna shayar da sabbin nau'ikan berries, kuma yawanci sabbin samfura sun fi magabatansu girma. Amma akwai nau'ikan da ba batun lokaci ba, alal misali, Guzberi Black negus. Kuma duk da cewa Negus shine guzberi wanda ke da kusan ƙarni na tarihi kuma ya zama darasi-retro, ƙanshi na iya ba da dama ga dimbin yawa na zamani. Sabili da haka, har yanzu ya kasance ɗayan ƙaunatattun kayan lambu na Berry.
