Freesias suna cikin dangin Iris. Su za a iya girma a cikin wani greenhouse, lambu, tukunya na cikin gida. Lokacin Fulawa - daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Tsirrai na cikin gida suna yin fure a farkon bazara.
Nau'in freesia da nau'ikan shahararrun
A kan sayarwa za ku iya samun dumin dumu-dumu biyu da iri iri iri. Mafi mashahuri daga gare su: Armstrong freesia, karya da matasan freesia.
Menene fure yayi kama
Armstrong (Freesia Armstrongii)
Tsirren tsirrai na 65 cm (+/- 5 cm). Furanni masu launin hular launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ruwan hoda ko rasberi kuma an tattara su cikin inflorescences na 3-5 inji mai kwakwalwa. Ganye suna xiphoid da tsawo. Shuka shuka daga Mayu zuwa Yuni.
Don bayani! Mafi shahararrun ire-iren wannan tallafin sune freesia da ake kira Cardinal tare da furanni ja.
Armstrong
Alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba)
Alba reshe ne na farin (refracted) Freesia Refracta. Tana da manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara mai launin shuɗi tare da fure mai ruwan hoda. A kan furanni akwai kofofin shuɗi. Dankin yana ƙarami a tsayi (kusan 40 cm). Fulawa ya fara a cikin watan Afrilu.
Alba
M (Freesia Refracta Odorata)
Wani tallafin na Freesia Refracta. Itataccen fure mai fure mai fure wanda ya kunshi fure 5-7. Suna da launi peach mai laushi tare da jijiyoyin jini. Freesia tana fitar da ƙanshin warin Lily na kwari. Height 40-50 cm. Fulawa daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu.
Freesia mai son yaji
Kula! Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya samun filayen ɗan mara da maraƙi.
Hanyoyin yaduwa da ake amfani da su don lambun fure da furanni na cikin gida
Freesia tana yaduwa tare da taimakon 'yar fitila ko tsaba. Ga masu farawa, hanyar farko ta dace, tare da taimakonsa zaka iya saurin samun sabon tsiro.
Yawon fitila
A lokacin furanni, yara sun fara bayyana a cikin kwan fitilar uwar. Bayan zubar bushe buds, kana buƙatar datsa duk sauran furanni da suka rage. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, shuka za ta yi amfani da albarkatu kan samuwar iri, ba ci gaban kwan fitila ba.
Yara sun rabu da kwanon uwa kuma an adana su daban. An dasa kwararan fitila 'yar a cikin ƙasa a lokaci guda kamar yadda mahaifiyar kwararan fitila a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Cakuda yashi da yumɓin ƙasa yakamata a ƙara zuwa lokacin hutawa don dasa shuki.
Tsarin iri
Ba shine hanyar da aka fi amfani da yaduwar shuka ba, tunda tsarin yana ɗaukar shekara guda. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa shine farkon bazara. Freesia tsaba suna burgundy, mai sheki, mai kama da berries.
A farkon Maris, suna narke cikin ruwan sanyi na yini guda. Abu na gaba, ana shuka tsaba a cikin gurbataccen ruwan magani a cikin cakuda humus, yashi da peat. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da matattarar magudanar yumbu, tunda yawan ruwa zai lalata shuka.
An rufe tukunyar. Sau biyu a rana ya kamata a buɗe shi, yana yin iska. A tsakanin makonni 1-2, ƙananan tsiro za su bayyana, wanda yawanci za a yi ban ruwa daga gun da aka fesa. Bayan wata daya, an cire fim ɗin.
Kula! Bayan haka, yakamata a kiyaye tsiron a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya kamar na shuka, da takin a kai a kai. A watan Fabrairu, freesia zai yi fure.
Freesia: namowa da kulawa a waje
A Tsakiyar Rasha, saurin bude ƙasa ana yin sa a farkon bazara. A cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa na Urals da Siberiya, yana da wahalar shuka freesia. Sakamakon gajeren lokacin rani, shuka da ke da dogon girma ba ta da lokacin shuka da kuma fure. Don wannan, ana girma a gida a cikin tukunya kuma kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi girma a cikin greenhouse.
Ana shirya kwararan fitila don dasa
Freesia ya kamata a shirya don saukowa a ƙarshen Maris. Kwararan fitila da ke cikin hunturu ana cire su, an tsabtace su har tsawon awa 1 a cikin kashe-kashe. Sannan ana iya dasa su a ƙasa.
Saukowa
Zurfin ramin ya kamata ya zama 5 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin tubers ya kamata ya zama cm 5-10. Bayan an dasa, ya kamata a sanya ƙasa kuma a yayyafa shi da peat don haka tushen daji ba ya overheat. A watan Agusta, fure zai fara, wanda zai wuce har zuwa farkon Oktoba.
Don kauce wa turken ruwa, wanda zai iya kashe freesia, ya zama dole don samar da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa. Ana zubar da ƙaramin yumɓu mai yumɓu cikin furrow tare da zurfin 15 cm. A sama shine ƙasa mai gina jiki, a kan abin da aka sanya kwararan fitila ko tsiro na tsiro tare da shuka. Duk wannan sai a yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
Yadda ake kulawa yayin girma da fure
A lokacin haɓaka, ƙwayar freesia tana buƙatar abinci mai ƙari. Bayan germination, ana bi dasu tare da ammonium nitrate, sannan superphosphate da gishiri gishiri kowane mako biyu. Freesia, ana noma shi kuma ana kiyaye shi a gonar, ana shayar da shi kowace safiya. Duniya dole ne a kwance kuma sako.
Yadda ake shirya shuka don hunturu
Bayan fure, an rage ruwa, sannan kuma ya daina gaba ɗaya. Kwararan fitila suna cikin ƙasa har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Domin shuka don tsira da hunturu, dole ne a aika su don ajiya.
Adana kwan fitila
Ya kamata a tono kwararan fitila, a yanka sauran ganye, a wanke a ƙarƙashin ruwan sanyi kuma a tsoma shi a cikin maganin potassium na dindindin na awa 1. Sa’annan suna buƙatar a bushe har tsawon kwana biyar a bushe wuri.
Mahimmanci! Ana adana fuka-fukan a 25 ℃ a cikin ɗakin damp. Dole ne a raba mahaifa da mahaifa.
Freesia: dasa shuki da kulawa da fure a cikin tukunya a gida
Freesia, namo da kulawa gida wanda yake mai sauƙi ne mai sauƙi, ƙasashe cikin yanayi uku don zaɓar daga:
- daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba;
- daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta;
- daga tsakiyar Nuwamba zuwa tsakiyar Fabrairu;
Ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin tukunya tare da cakuda ƙasa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. A cikin tukunya na 3 l, ba za ku iya shuka ba fiye da digiri shida.
Yanayin tsarewa
Freesia shuka ce mai daukar hoto kuma tana buƙatar hasken wuta awanni 12 a rana. Daga bayyanar zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye ya mutu, saboda haka ya zama dole a ajiye shi a cikin inuwa m.
An zaɓi iska mai laushi ga freesia, amma cututtukan fungal na iya haɓaka daga wuce haddi a cikin iska ko ƙasa. Wajibi ne a fesa fure daga cikin bindiga mai ruwa domin kada ruwa ya shiga cikin huhun.
Don bayani! Matsakaicin zafin jiki na fure shine 22 ℃. A inji shi ne musamman kula da zayyana da kuma zafin jiki matuƙa.
Fasali na shayarwa da kuma kayan miya
Tsarin takin zamani wanda freesia yake sha a gida shine samfuran ruwa. A farkon matakan girma, ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da nitrogen, iron, phosphorus, manganese. Ganyen launin rawaya - siginar cewa shuka an mamaye.
Watering da ciyar da ake za'ayi da safe. Dole tukunya ya zama yana da maɓallin magudanar ruwa. Dankin yana da kula da ruwa: wuce haddi ko rashin ruwa ba shi da karbuwa. Ana shayar da ƙasa yayin da take bushewa.
Cutar Freesia
Dankin yana fuskantar cututtukan iri ɗaya da kwari kamar gladioli. Sakamakon kulawa da rashin kyau, freesia na iya fama da cutar aphids, ticks, thrips. Mafi yawan cututtuka gama gari: rot, scab, fusarium. Idan lalacewar shuka, kai tsaye cire wuraren da ke da cutar.
Don prophylaxis, ana iya bi da kwararan fitila tare da masu maye, alal misali, yayin dasawa. Duk samfuran tushen-kantin sayar da abubuwa (fungicides) da kuma raunin bayani na potassiumgangan sun dace. Wata hanyar hana kamuwa da cuta ita ce rashin amfani da ruwan sanyi sosai don ban ruwa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ruwa, wanda aka bar a tsaye tsawon kwanaki.
Don haka, ana iya dasa freesia duka a gonar fure a kan titi da kuma a cikin tukunya. Babban abu shine nazarin umarnin don kada ku rikitar da komai, in ba haka ba wakilin fure na Irisovs ba zai iya jira ba.
