Itatuwa daga dangin legume ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 1300, waɗanda daga cikinsu akwai ba itatuwa kawai ba, har ma da shukoki. Furen furannin furanni masu kyau da kyawawan furanni masu ƙanshi na fure mai tsada za su yi ado da kowane shafi.
Acacia - ciyawa don gonar: bayanin
Duk nau'ikan itacen Acacia sun kasance iri ɗaya ne, wanda aka sanya su a Latin "Acacia". Koyaya, a cikin lambuna, tsire-tsire sukan girma, kawai suna kama da Acacia, amma mallakar nau'ikan jinsin ne gaba ɗaya, alal misali, ga halittar Robinia. Babban kamannin furanni da fruitsa fruitsan itace, ganye ya sa mutane sun saba da kiran bushes da bishiyoyi da sunan ba daidai ba, wanda wani lokacin yakan haifar da rikicewa.
Ciyawar Acacia
Acacia itace itaciya ce ko kuma itace da zata iya kaiwa tsayin 12 m ko fiye. Tsarin tsirrai na karamin tsayi ana shuka su a cikin lambu kamar yadda adon: gashin-baki (m 1-3), makamai (har zuwa 3 m), itace-kamar (4 m), mai girma (1.5-4 m), da sauransu nau'ikan daban-daban sun bambanta a inuwa. da girman fure, lokutan furanni, canjin yanayi da bukatun ango.
Asalin da kuma bayyanar da shuka
A cikin yanayin halitta, yawancin nau'ikan Acacia suna girma a Afirka, Australia da Asiya. Kimanin nau'ikan fure 50 na ado na fure suna girma a cikin al'adun gargajiya. An zaɓi iri-iri na lambu bisa ga alamu: juriya ga yanayin zafi, ƙayyadadden yanayin tsarin ƙasa, buƙatun ruwa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna buƙatar tsarin daban-daban.
Yawancin nau'ikan itacen Acacia suna yada bishiyoyi ko ƙananan bishiyoyi. Dukansu suna da fure mai launin furanni, furanni kuma suna da daɗi. Ganyayyaki akan rassan suna girma kuma. A dogo mai tsawo akwai ƙananan ƙananan ganye har zuwa 1 cm a tsawon. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da farashi mai tsayi masu tsinkaye masu tsini, wani lokaci suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da siffar mai lankwasa. Mafi yawan lokuta suna girma a wurare masu bushewa. Itace mai wahala da sassauƙa.
Bayanin Shuke-shuke
An tattara furanni don mata da maza a cikin inflorescences na axillary a cikin buroshi ko panicle. Inuwa sun bambanta: fari, cream, rawaya. Kofin yayi kama da kararrawa ya ƙunshi karar gida guda biyar, kuma tubular nimbus ta ƙunshi ƙwallan 4-5. A cikin tsakiyar fure akwai manyan shahararrun tambari.
Don bayani! Abubuwan da ke dasa bishiyar Acacia suna da daraja saboda kyawun fure da ƙamshin musamman. A dare, furanni suna da wari ko da ƙarfi, suna jan kwari mara kwari.
Fruitan itace da ke fitowa shine dogayen sanda, madaidaiciya ko mai gogewa, wanda, yayin da yake narkewa, na iya buɗewa ya watsa tsaba ko a'a. Tsaba iri daban-daban, amma mafi yawan lokuta kananan lebur.
Jinsuna da iri
Daga cikin yawancin nau'ikan hannun jari na lambuna a cikin lambuna, masu lambu suna jin daɗin masu zuwa.
Acacia Farnesiana (Acacia Farnesiana)
Shrub ya tanadi tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus a cikin shekaru 30s. XX karni Matsakaicin matsakaita shine 2-4 m, amma yana iya shimfiɗa har zuwa 6. 6. Haushi yana da launin toka-launi a launi, harbe suna da fasasshen siffar da ba a iya gani ba. An raba ganyen da aka haɗu zuwa rassan 2-8, an rufe shi da 6-20 launin toka-kore ganye 2.5-5 mm mai tsayi. Stipules suna da tsinkaye mai kaifi tare da nasihun launin ruwan kasa.
Acacia farnesiana
A iri-iri ne sananne ga ta m fure. Orange ko duhu rawaya mai fure tare da diamita of 1 cm Corollas of biyar fused petals pubescent. 'Ya'yan itace shine ɗanyen silinda, ba haɓakawa, cikin 4-5 launin ruwan ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi. Yawancin lokaci yakan yi fure a watan Oktoba Disamba-Disamba, amma a cikin al'adun lambu sai su girma wani nau'in da yake furewa sau biyu a shekara.
Acacia podalyrile (Acacia Podalyriifolia)
Zai iya yin girma kamar itaciya har zuwa tsayi 5 m, amma galibi yakan kirkiri daji mai yalwataccen yanki mai tsayi mai tsayi har zuwa mm 3. Fushin yana da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi. Yana fure a furanni masu haske masu kamshi masu yawa daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu.
Acacia podalyriifolia
Kula! Ana iya girma a cikin yankuna masu bushewa a kudu, inda a lokacin rani ake kiyaye yawan zafin jiki ba ya wuce 25 ° C, kuma a cikin hunturu baya saukar da ƙasa 10 ° C. Dankin ya dace da namo na cikin gida ta hanyar bonsai.
Babban Acacia (Acacia Spectabilis)
Tsuntsaye masu tsayi 1.5-4 m. fure daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba. Fusoshin cirrus yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari babban katako ne har zuwa 17 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 19 mm faɗi.
Acacia spectabilis
Furanni suna da launi mai rawaya mai zafin gaske da ƙanshi mai santsi. Yanayin girma - rashi mai tsananin sanyi. Yawancin sun fi son rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu zuwa akalla 8 ° C, kuma a lokacin rani yana tsayayya da zafi zuwa 35 ° C da fari fari.
Acacia ja (Acacia Oxycedrus)
Itace ya samo sunan shi don kyakkyawa, amma ba inuwa ta fure ba. Bushes suna girma zuwa 2 a tsayi. Shugabannin furanni suna da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya ko ƙari, suna tara a cikin rukuni na kusan 3 inji. Fulawa yana gudana daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba.
Acacia oxygencedrus
Kamar yawancin bishiyoyi acikias, ba ya jure ko da lokacin sanyi, amma yana iya yin ba tare da ruwan sama ba kuma ya sha ruwa na dogon lokaci, tunda tushen tsarin yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana zuwa zurfin zurfafa.
Acacia rawaya (itace)
Hakikanin sunan shine Caragána Arboréscens, wato, bashi da alaƙa da asalin asalin Acacia. A cikin Rasha, Hakanan yana ɗaukar sanannen suna na biyu - fis. Itataccen tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire yana cike da kututture masu yawa har zuwa kauri zuwa cm 5. Ya kai tsawan tsayi 6 m.
Don bayani! A wuri guda zai iya girma har zuwa shekaru 60.
Caragána arboréscens
Rawaya acacia: bayanin, dasa da kulawa
Yana girma cikin sauri. Girma na shekara a tsayi ya kai cm 50, kuma a faɗi - har zuwa cm 30. Ana tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi a cikin ɓangarorin komputa na 3-5. Ganye mai launin kore ne a damina da bazara, kuma rawaya mai haske a damuna. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - kwafsa har zuwa 5 cm. Fure fure daga Mayu zuwa Yuni.
Bishiyar sanyi- da fari-masu tsaurin fari ne za a iya shuka su a yawancin Rasha: a cikin Urals, a Yammacin Siberiya, a Gabas ta Tsakiya, cikin tsaunin Sayan, a Altai. Yana buƙatar kulawa a farkon shekarun rayuwa: yin sha, kayan miya, da kuma samar da kambi suna da mahimmanci. A nan gaba, zai iya girma ba tare da wani shiga cikin ɗan adam ba. Yana ba ƙasa da ƙasa ba, amma baya jure babban abin da ya faru na ruwan ƙasa. Dasa a cikin m wuri a cikin bazara ko kaka.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Ba shine mafi kyawun al'adun data kasance ba, wannan bishi yana da matukar ƙaunar da lambu saboda unpretentiousness da mahimmancinsa, kyawawan fure mai ƙanshi. An dasa shi a cikin waɗannan sasanninta na gonar inda wata shuka ba ta iya tsayawa a fari, kuma sakamakon - daji mai laushi - tabbas ne. Iska mai ƙarfi, zafi mai zafi, ƙasa saline Karagana babu komai.
Don bayani! Galibi ana yin amfani da shinge don ƙirƙirar shinge. Za su kasance a matsayin kyakkyawan wuri kuma abin dogaro don ƙarin tsirrai.
Kuna iya shuka tsaba da iri. Adadin rayuwa yana da kyau, yana da kyau a tsire-tsire masu tarin yawa. Sakamakon ƙasa shine mafi inganci: wadatar da shi da sinadarin nitrogen, yana hana lalacewa.
Farin Acacia (shrub), ko karya-robinia
Itace bishiya mai sauri-girma da gandun daji wanda daji zai iya siffanta shi. An dade ana horar da shi azaman tsire-tsire na ornamental, kazalika don ƙarfafa ƙasa mai yashi da ƙirƙirar tashin iska.
Robínia Pseudoacácia
An tattara kyawawan fararen furanni masu kamshi a cikin tarin 5 inji mai kwakwalwa. Yana girma da sauri sosai, musamman a cikin shekaru 10 na farko na rayuwa. A cikin shekara guda yana ba da haɓaka har zuwa 80 cm a tsayi, kuma a faɗi - har zuwa cm 30. Tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan yana taimakawa don tsira daga kowane fari. Itatuwa da aka yanke wa kututture yana ba da powerfula powerfula mai ƙarfi da zuriyar zuriya. Farkon fure yana faruwa yana da shekaru 6. Yana buƙatar haske mai haske. Yana yin tsayayya da kusan kowane, ko da ƙasa mai gishiri, amma ya fi son m da numfashi.
Tsarin Acacia
Ana shuka Acacia a bazara. Kuna iya amfani da tsaba ko ƙwaya. Adadin rayuwa yana da kyau, ko da wane irin rukunin yanar gizo aka zaɓa.
Abin da kuke buƙata don saukowa
Yana da mahimmanci don tara hannun jari. Idan muna magana ne game da tsaba, to, za su riƙe iyawar don shekaru 2-3 kawai, bayan wannan tsire-tsire ba zai fito daga gare su ba. Yanda aka fi sayo su a kwantena. A wannan yanayin, nasarar nasara 100% tabbas ne.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Duk nau'ikan Acacia suna da hoto sosai, saboda haka kowane yanki mai duhu ya dace da su. Maƙwabta ba shi da matsala idan ba ya haifar da inuwa mai yawa. Amma Acacia yana jin daɗin mafi girman ƙasa, ba a rage shi da wasu tsirrai ko bishiyoyi ba.
Saukowa
Mataki-mataki-mataki:
- An shirya rami saukowa a ƙarƙashin cuttings. Zurfin 50-80 cm, nisa 50 cm.
- An ƙara ƙaramin yashi 10 cm zuwa ƙasan matsayin magudanar ruwa.
- Kafa wani tallafi wanda za a ɗaura ɗan akwati a cikin shekarar farko har zuwa ƙarshen tushe.
- Rage tushen a cikin rami na dasa shuki, madaidaiciya kuma fada barci tare da ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa.
- Shayar.
Mahimmanci! Soilasa da kewayen itacen da aka shuka itace ba za'a iya haɗa ta ba, saboda tana son ƙasa mai numfashi.
Kiwo
Yawancin nau'ikan Acacia na iya ninka ba kawai ta tsaba da ƙwaya ba, har ma da zuriyar tushe. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine bazara, amma a yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi, saukowa a watan Satumba abu ne mai karɓuwa. Wani daji mai saurin girma ya mallaki tushe kafin hunturu.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Yana yiwuwa a dasa tushe da tushen itace. Kara an yanke shi a cikin bazara daga tsakiyar harbe tare da tsawon cm 10 ko fiye .. .arshen tushe yana bi da tushen ƙarfafa. Dasa a cikin greenhouses kuma sa a zazzabi na 22 ° C. An dasa shuka da aka gama a cikin kaka a cikin wani wuri na dindindin.
Tsarin Acacia
An samo tushen Tushen daga tsire-tsire na manya. A cikin bazara, sun tono su kuma yanke tushen cikin chubuki 15 cm tsayi kuma tare da diamita of 5 mm ko fiye. Kafe a cikin yashi ƙasa a karkashin gangara. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ana iya shuka ɗan ƙaramin shuka a cikin ƙasa a cikin furanni.
Mahimmanci! An sanya tushen wuya tare da matakin ƙasa.
Kulawa
Tsarin itacen Acacia shine ɗayan tsirrai mara misalai. Tana buƙatar kulawa ne kawai a farkon shekara ko biyu na rayuwa, kuma a nan gaba kawai za a buƙaci kambi: gyaran fuska da gyaran fuska. Kusa da, kada ku dasa furanni, musamman kwararan fitila. Rootsarfin tushen Acacia ba sa son kusanci. Ba lallai ba ne don tono ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin da'irar akwati, kawai don kwance shi dan kadan a farfajiya, cire ciyayi.
Yanayin Watering
Ana shayar da tsire-tsire na tsofaffi ne kawai lokacin da fari ke tsawan tsayi (watanni 2-3). A sauran lokaci, daji yana da isasshen ruwan sama na halitta. A cikin shekarar farko, ana shayar da samari matasa kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa don hanzarta tushen tushen. Idan a cikin wannan yankin ana ruwan sama sosai (aƙalla sau 1 a mako), to, gaba ɗaya sun ƙi shayarwa.
Manyan miya
Nan da nan bayan dasa, ana bada shawara don gabatar da nitroammophoska a cikin ƙasa. 60-80 g na takin ana amfani da kowane rami saukowa. Lokaci na gaba za'a buƙaci ciyarwa kawai bayan shekaru 3. Don yin wannan, ɗauki takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. Keken motar Kemira ya dace. A gindin kowane bishiya ka sanya 100-120 g na mace.
Mahimmanci! A kowane lokaci na shekara, ana bada shawara a kawo ciyawa da ash a cikin da'irori.
Siffofin kulawa a lokacin furanni
Kafin fure furanni a cikin ƙasa a kewayen bushes, ana bada shawara don gabatar da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana, misali, nitroammophoska. Don samun fure mai lush, an sanya fifiko akan wadatar da ƙasa tare da potassium. Ash ash na al'ada shima yana da tasiri.
Siffofin kulawa da bazara
Da shigowar kwanaki masu dumin gaske, lokacin da kodan ke kumbura har ya isa ya bayyana wacce rayuwa ce kuma wacce ta bushe, suna toyawa. Yana da mahimmanci don cire duk bushewa, mara lafiya, rassan da iska mai lalacewa. Idan muna magana ne game da shinge, to, suna yin pruning, suna ba da kambi na bushes da siffar da ake so.
Ana shirya shuka don hunturu
Har zuwa shekaru 3, kowane bishiyoyin bishiyar kaka da ke cikin kewayen akwatin an rufe shi da santimita mai santimita 10 na mulch. Wannan ma'aunin yana kare tushen tsarin daga hypothermia. Idan akwai haɗarin sanyi mai tsananin gaske, to, an rufe sutturar (shtamb) a cikin yadudduka da yawa tare da burlap, kuma an rufe kambi da kayan da ba a saka ba. Ku ciyar da waɗannan al'amuran nan da nan bayan ganye sun faɗi.
Itaciyar Acacia ko ciyawa itace kyakkyawar shuka. Bushes yawo tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko fararen furanni sune ainihin ado na lambun, yana jan hankalin baƙi masu daraja a ciki - ƙudan zuma. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa 'yan lambu suna ƙaunar ta a duk faɗin duniya.
