Koufea - girma gida da kulawa, nau'in hoto da iri

Koufea (Cuphea) kyakkyawan ciyayi ne na ciyawar daji daga dangin Derbennikovye. A shuka tsiro sannu a hankali. Sama da shekaru da yawa a cikin yanayin, bazai iya kaiwa fiye da 1.5 m ba. A cikin yanayin yanayin, ɗan itacen ya yaɗu cikin yankuna na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa da ke Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, mahaifar shagon shine Mexico.

Shuka yayi kyau kwarai a hadin plantings tare da tsirrai. A Turai, ana shuka maganin kafeyin a cikin manyann furannin furanni tare da furanni na shekara. Kwanan nan, yawancin lambu a cikin gidaje suna girma daji a matsayin amfanin gona na shekara-shekara. A gida, gidan gawar yana girma zuwa 0.6 m.

Difficultiesanan matsaloli na iya faruwa yayin kula da shuka: an bayyana su ta asali mai zafi. Daga cikin cafeteria fure daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar kaka, forming a cikin sinuses ko dan kadan sama da elongated Emerald ganye tubular shida-petured furanni.

Tabbatar kula da irin kyawawan tsire-tsire irin su hippeastrum da diplases.

	Growtharancin girma.
	A cafeteria fure daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar kaka.
	Sauki girma shuka.
	Perennial shuka.

M Properties na kafe

A gida, ana shuka tsiro cikin manyan tsiro. Dangane da tsaba na kufei, ana samun mai mai, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don yin shamfu da sauran sunadarai na gida. Koufey, a cewar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, na taimaka wajan kafa dangantaka tsakanin mutane, don kafa kyakkyawar alaqa.

Saboda haka furannin furanni tare da fure sau da yawa suna ado ɗakunan taro da ofisoshi. A gida, gidan gahawa yana inganta ƙarfin ɗakin, yana kawo nutsuwa da farin ciki a ciki.

Cafe yana da jan ja. Hoto

Koufea: kulawar gida. A takaice

Masu sha'awar tsirrai na cikin gida sun san: kufeira a gida na iya haɓaka da haɓaka, idan an ƙirƙiri yanayi mai kyau:

Yanayin Zazzabi	A lokacin rani - har zuwa + 25 ° C, a cikin hunturu - aƙalla + 12 ° C.
Jin zafi	Babban, a kwanakin rani ya fesa har sau 3 a rana.
Haske	Karye mai haske; jeri a kan windows na kudu - gabas ko kudu - yamma yamma; A gefen kudu taga suna girgiza da tsakar rana.
Watse	A cikin hunturu - sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 10; a lokacin rani - mai yawa watering kowane 4 days.
Il ƙasa don kafei	Shirye-shirye na samarwa duniya ko cakuda ƙasa na daidai rabo na ganye, peat, ƙasa mai yashi, yashi.
Taki da taki	A lokacin haɓaka aiki - sau ɗaya a kowane kwanaki 14 - taki na ƙasa wanda ke ɗauke da phosphorus da potassium.
Kafei dashi	Matasan daji - a shekara, a cikin bazara; balagagge - sau ɗaya a kowace shekaru 2.5.
Kiwo	Yanke da tsaba.
Siffofin Girma	A cikin bazara, an yanke harbe zuwa 1/3 wanda ya sa rassan daji da furanni lushly. Kufee na bukatar iska mai kyau, saboda haka dakin yana yawan yin iska. A lokacin rani, ana fitar da shuka zuwa gonar ko kuma baranda, tana karewa daga daftarin.

Kula da kantin kofi a gida. Daki-daki

Koufea ba kawai kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ba ne, har ma da godiya. Idan an kirkiro daji cikin sharadi gwargwado, zai yi fure mai dadi kowane shekara.

Kafei

A tsakiyar bazara, fure na kufei farawa. Wannan kyakkyawan tsari ne mai tsayi kuma yana karewa a tsakiyar Oktoba. A daji, an kafa inflorescences da yawa daga furanni tubular. Launin su na iya bambanta: ja, fari, ruwan hoda, shunayya. Matsakaicin furanni ya kai kusan 3 cm.

Furannin kowane nau'ikan coffees ne da keɓaɓɓun fure shida (waɗanda suka fi girma a cikinsu sune babba biyu). Rayuwar kowane fure kowane ɗan gajere ne, yana sauri yana faduwa. Don yin sabon inflorescences bayyana da sauri, wilted bukatar a cire kan lokaci.

Mabuɗin kyakkyawan fure mai fure mai ciyawa shine hunturu mai sanyi da dasa shuki a cikin tukunyar daɗaɗɗa. Bayan fure, 'ya'yan itãcen asalin - mai lankwasa - ana kafa tsari.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Kayan da aka yi gida-gida shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic. Don ciyayi da suka dace da kyawawan fure, ya zama dole a lura da tsarin zazzabi kuma a ci gaba da shuka a cikin hunturu a zazzabi a daki (kimanin + 18 ° C). A lokacin bazara, ɗakin shagon yana jin daɗin + 23 - 25 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a cikin hunturu thermometer ba ya ƙasa a ƙasa + 12 ° C.

Shuka bai yarda da canji mai zafi a zazzabi da daftarin ba - yana fara rasa ganye. A lokacin rani, ana iya fitar da tsiron zuwa filin baranda ko kuma gonar kuma a sanya shi a wani wuri mai kariya daga iska. A gida, an sanya furen fure daga cikin kwandishan da kuma taga a buɗe.

Fesa

Kofeya a gida fi son zuwa girma a sama (daga 65%) zafi. Wannan shi ne saboda asalin wurare masu zafi na shuka. Don kula da daji da hana cututtukan da za a iya samu da kuma barazanar kwari, gumi yana ƙaruwa da wucin gadi.

Don yin wannan, fesa. A lokacin rani, ana aiwatar da aikin har zuwa sau uku a mako. Bayan fesawa, dole ne a lullube fure. A tsayin lokacin dumama, ana sanya tukunya da shukar a jikin wata pallet tare da ɗakunan leya, an sanya su daga batura. Aka buɗe akwati na ruwa kusa da shi.

Haske

Itatuwan da ke da tushen daskararre suna girma sosai kuma suna fure da kyau lokacin da aka shirya ingantaccen haske daidai. An sanya ciyayi a kan kudu maso gabas ko taga na kudu maso yamma, kamar yadda ake buƙata don kula da gidan cafeteria a gida. A cikin haske mai zafi - a kan taga ta kudu - gefuna ganye zasu juya ja.

Idan za a sami haske kaɗan - lokacin da aka sanya shi a arewacin ɓangaren gidan - gidan gahawa ba zai yi toho ba, za a yi toho. Suna ajiye fure a kan taga suna fuskantar kudu, suna yin inuwa da rana mai zafi.

Watering da coffees

Lokacin girma coffees, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa substrate bai bushe ba. A lokacin rani, shuka yana buƙatar danshi kowane kwana 4. Watering coffees yakamata yalwatacce saboda yawan ruwa ya kwarara daga ramuka.

Danshi mai narkewa na iya haifar da lalacewar tushen. Don hana matsalar, an kirkiro matattara mai kyau a ƙasan tukunya, kuma ana haɗa abubuwan da aka kwance (vermiculite, perlite, bulo crumb) a cikin ƙasa. A cikin kaka, an rage adadin ban ruwa, kuma a cikin hunturu, ana shayar da maganin kafeyin kusan kowace kwana 10.

Koyaushe ana shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi, ruwa mai ruwa. Tushen tushe an mulched don riƙe danshi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da kayan kwakwa, sphagnum.

Tukunyar kofi

Tukunya da aka zaɓa da kyau don kufei ita ce mabuɗin kyautatawa da kyakkyawan fure na shuka. Lokacin maye gurbin tukunya a lokacin juyawa daji, ana yin girman dutsen da kwandon ta 3 cm .. An yi imanin cewa mafi girman girman tukunyar tukunyar kufei na iya zama 0.25 m.

Shuka tayi fure mai kyau yayin da aka dasa ta cikin kwandon shara. A kasan akwai ramuka don jawo ruwa mai yawa.

Kasar

Domin tsire-tsire na cofee don shuka tsire-tsire daidai a gida, yana da muhimmanci a zaɓi ƙasa mai dacewa don dasa. Babban abu shi ne cewa kasar gona ya zama mai gina jiki da sako-sako. Zaku iya siyan kayan duniya a cikin shagon fure wanda yake da ɗan tasirin acidic (pH 5.3 - 6, 4).

Kuna iya shirya cakuda ƙasa da kanka ya ƙunshi adadin ƙasar gonar, yashi, ƙasar ganye da peat. Don haɓaka ƙimar ƙasa, an ƙara yumɓu mai kwalliya a kansa, a yanka a kananan ƙananan gansakuka, ƙwaƙwalwa.

Taki da taki

Don kaffarar ta fito da kyau kuma ta kiyaye rigakafi a babban matakin, ana buƙatar takin da takin. Ku ciyar kuma foliar saman miya. Daga bazara zuwa farkon kaka, da zarar kowane kwanaki 14, ana amfani da takin ƙasa na ƙasa don furanni na gida waɗanda ke dauke da potassium da phosphorus.

Ana amfani da kayan aiki a cikin nau'in diluted bayan watering yamma. Bayan hadi, an sha kan kahon din tsawon kwanaki 1 - 2.

Juyawa

Matasa plantlets kewaya kowane bazara. Ana aiwatar da jujjuyawar kuffey sosai a kowace shekara 2.5. A wannan lokacin, Tushen daji gaba daya yana rufe dunƙulewar ƙurar ƙasa. An maye gurbin tukunya da sabon sabo, diamita wanda shine 30 mm mafi girma daga diamita na tukunyar da ta gabata.

Ana sanya babban farin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tukunya, ana zuba sabon duri. Sanya shuka kuma ƙara ƙasa a cikin tushen, ɗaukar ta kusa da tushen. Da kyau a shayar da kuma yafa masa ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a zurfafa fagen girma. Bayan juyawa, an sha shayin kwana da yawa. Ciyar da farawa bayan kwanaki 14.

Yadda ake yanka coffe

Duk tsawon rayuwa, kufee yana buƙatar pruning: sanitary - don kula da tsabtace tsirrai da samar da sifa - don ƙirƙirar sifa mai kyau. Ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabta a cikin shekarar: wilted inflorescences, bushe da elongated harbe an cire.

A cikin bazara, harbe suna taqaitaccen sashi na uku. A gidan cin abinci, a cikin bazara na isopolistic, tsunkule ƙarshen rassan. Na gaba, ta amfani da datsa ƙirƙirar kambi na siffar da ake so. Ana yin ado dashi sau da yawa a cikin nau'i mai ƙyalli ƙwallo ko tsananin dala.

Lokacin hutawa

Don kaftin din ya sake samun karfi bayan fure mai tsawo, yana buƙatar tsawon hutu. Ya kan fara daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa farkon Maris. Dankin a wannan lokacin ana ajiye shi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi a zazzabi na ɗakin; shayar kowane kwana 10.

Ba shi yiwuwa a tayar da hankali ta hanyar kayan miya a wannan lokacin: gidan gahawa zai ƙosar da wadatar ƙarfi.

Kafei kiwo

A gida, kufei za a iya yada shi ta hanyoyi guda biyu.

Girma Kafei daga Tsaba

Da wuya za'ayi: tsaba suna karami, kuma yawan su yayi ƙasa. Idan ka shawarta zaka shuka iri, an shimfiɗa ta a kan m substrate, ɗauka da sauƙi clapping, ba yafawa tare da ƙasa. Rufe tare da fim kuma tsiro a + 22 °. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, an cire fim ɗin. Lokacin da aka kafa ganye na farko, ana dasa cafe a cikin tukwane dabam.

Farfagandar kufei ta sare

A cikin bazara, ana yanke itace har zuwa 15 cm tsayi daga harbe mai karfi na apical. Ana bi da su tare da mai kara kuzarin tushe kuma an dasa shi a cikin m daskararren karkashin kwalban filastik mai ruɓi. An cire tsari don shayarwa da kwantar da tsire-tsire. Lokacin da ganyen suka bayyana, sai a cire kwalbar. Lokacin da ƙananan ganye suka girma kuma sababbi biyu suka bayyana, ana dasa shuki.

Don kufei, ana ɗaukar hanyar ciyayi mafi kyau. A gida, ana shuka yaduwar shuka ta hanyar sanya filaye da rarraba daji.

Cutar da kwari

Koufeia wata itaciya ce da ke da rigakafi mai karfi, amma a wasu lokutan ana fama da ita ta hanyar cututtuka da kwari saboda rashin kula. Furen tare da bayyanarsa yayi magana game da matsalolin:

launin toka a kan ganye kofey - bayyanar launin toka (an cire sassan da suka lalace, an kula da sauran ragowar tsire tare da maganin kashe-kashe);
ganye kafei ya fadi - daga wani daftarin (sake shirya a wurin da yake kariya);
kofeya rots - tare da wuce haddi na danshi (dasawa cikin wata ƙasa, yankan lalacewar tushen; daidaita ruwa);
ganye kafei ya zama mai rawaya - rashin baƙin ƙarfe (saman kayan miya foliar tare da chelate baƙin ƙarfe ko zuba tare da wannan kayan aiki).

Mwararrun ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, fararen fata, da aphids suna kashewa fiye da sauran kwari. Don kawar da su, ana ba da tsire mai shayar da shakatawa, to, ana bi da shi tare da maganin kashe kwari. Zai fi sauƙi don hana bayyanar kwari ta hanyar ƙara zafi a cikin ɗakin.

Nau'in kofi na gida tare da hotuna da suna

Akwai nau'ikan coffees sama da 250. Shahararrun mutane sune nau'ikan da aka saba dasu a al'adun gidan da kuma na cikin gida. Yana nufin su

Kafeyin ja ja (Cuphea ignea, Cupea platycentra)

Karamin daji, wanda girmansa ya kai 0.35 m. Emerald ganye ana rarrabe shi da sigar elongated da halayen halayen. Tsawon fure mai haske tubular furanni bai wuce mm 30 ba. Gari na fari - launin ruwan kasa petals an lanƙwasa. Sakamakon kamannin toho zuwa sigarin sigari, ana kiran wannan nau'in “itacen sigari”. Raunin thermophilic sosai.

Kofeya issopolistic

Koufea ba kawai kyakkyawan tsire-tsire bane, har ma mai kyau. Da yardar rai ya zama gurbi na tsire-tsire tare da furanni na zinare da ganyayyaki masu yawa. A bango daga asalin duhu ganye na kufei, sun kama fi kyau. Duk wani abun da ke ciki tare da gidan gahawa zai haɓaka ɗakin cikin gida tare da kawo bayanin kula.