Bacopa ko Suthera - nativean asalin lardin zuwa tsibiran da subtropics, ana rarrabawa a cikin wurare masu ɓarna a cikin Afirka, Asiya, Amurka, Ostiraliya. Akwai ruwa da iri iri. A tsakanin magoya baya, sunan suther ya zama ruwan dare.
A baya, an sanya naman alaƙar asalin dangin Noriya, kuma yanzu da plantain.
Bayanin Botanical
Bacopa (sunan Latin Bacopa) yana girma a cikin ƙaramin daji mai yawa tare da tushe mai faɗi. Matakai - na bakin ciki, mai rarrafe ko zauren, creeping, a cikin tsayi zai iya girma zuwa mita 1. Daji yayi girma.
Leavesananan ganye suna da zaren zaitun ko launin kore.
A kan mai tushe ana shirya su daban-daban, a cikin nau'in ruwa na ruwa, rarraba ganyayyaki layi ne. M takardar tana da shimfidarta mai tsayi ko kuma bango.
Akwai furanni da yawa akan daji, ƙananan su ne, suna da siffar karrarawa ko shambura. Kewayon launuka sun haɗa da fari, mai laushi da ruwan hoda, lilac, shuɗi, shudi. Furen yana da lobes biyar ko hudu.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, fure daga cikin samfuran misalai masu yawan ado na tsawon lokacin bazara kuma har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Tsarin yana faruwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa: duka daji yana rufe da furanni, fades, wani lokaci na kwantar da hankula kuma lokaci mai tsawo na fure. Furannin da suka bushe bai kamata a tattara su ba - ƙungiyar suther tana rufe su da kanta.
Iri da iri don gidan
60 nau'ikan tsire-tsire na perennial suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban na girma: furanni na cikin ruwa, succulents, ƙananan tallafin jini.
Akwai nau'ikan sutra da yawa, don dacewa, an tattara duk bayanan a cikin tebur:
| Take | Yanayin girma | Bayanin |
| Karolinskaya | Matsayi na ruwa, an sa shi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa da tafkunan. | A kan lokacin farin ciki madaidaiciya mai tushe ana sawa m m ganye. Height bai wuce cm 30 ba. Furannin furanni masu haske waɗanda ke kan kwalliyar mai tushe. Ganyayyaki masu launi suna ƙara adorativen - a rana suna canza haske koren launi zuwa ja jan jan ƙarfe. |
| Ostiraliya | Busharancin daji tare da harbe harbe na bakin ciki. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne mai haske, waɗanda ke kan tudun ƙasa mai rauni. Ganyayyaki masu girma har zuwa 18 mm a tsayi sune m ko zagaye a sifa da hasken kore a launi. | |
| Monier, ko Monieri (Brahmi) | Succulents suna girma a cikin baranda da kuma a cikin ruwa. | The mai tushe suna creeping, ganye suna elongated, sessile, m fleshy, daga 8 to 20 mm a tsawon. Saman su yana zagaye, akwai wasu ƙananan hakora a gefuna. Furannin suna furanni a cikin axils na ganye, suna da yawa babba - corolla ya kai mm 10, mafi yawanci fari, amma akwai shuɗi da shunayya. Tsawon daji ya kai 40 cm. Bacopa Monnier ana amfani dashi sosai don dalilai na magani: yana inganta kwakwalwa, yana yaƙi da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwa. |
| Zuciya-mai siffa | Balconies | Bushesarancin ciyawa mai tsayi ya kai tsayi na cm 15. Ganye da ƙaramin kore ganye. Furannin suna da fararen, ruwan hoda, mai ruwan hoda-shuɗi, suna da fure biyar kuma suna cikin fa'idodin ganyen. |
| Feshi mai kyau ko kyakkyawa | Babban nau'ikan fure-fure. Tana samar da babban kwalliyar daji-ball tare da dogon harbe (60 cm). Furen da ke da girman 20 mm yana da furanni biyar, wanda yake cikin axils na ganyen lanceolate. A lokacin bazara da farkon kaka, an rufe daji gaba ɗaya da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi, shuɗi, launin fararen dusar kankara. | |
| Blutopia da Snowtopia | Hybrids tare da yawan fure. Matakai 30 cm tsayi an yayyafa su da manyan furanni, a Blutopia - shuɗi tare da Lilac, a Snowtopia - dusar ƙanƙara. Launin ganyayyaki kore kore ne. | |
| Colorata | Aquariums da tafkunan kayan ado. | A nau'in da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, inuwa ta ganye yakan canza ya danganta da hasken. Ganyayyaki masu haɗin haɗi sun nuna siffofi kuma suna kan kan mai tushe mai tsayi. |
| Madagascar | Aarancin kifayen ruwa. | Bushan ƙaramin daji - mai tushe ba ya yin tsayi fiye da cm 15. Fushin fleshy mai rauni ne kuma ana raunana shi, ganyayyaki na lanceolate akasin haka ne. |
Bacopa cikakke
Ampoule bacopa yana da ire-ire iri iri, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikinsu:
| Digiri | Bayanin | Furanni |
| Typhoon shuɗi | Babban daji | Mai bakin ciki |
| Girgiza | Fure mai dumbin yawa | Karamin fari |
| Gizagizai mai girma | Rounded daji | Snow fari |
| Blue rayuka | Wasu suna Blue Showers | Mai laushi mai laushi |
| Lambar Gwal | Tall matasan tare da kore ganye tare da zinariya tint | Farar hula |
Noma da kulawa
Saukowa da kulawa da Suther ba shi da wuya. Ya isa a bi umarni masu sauƙi kuma bacopa zai yi fure mai yawa na watanni da yawa. Babban asirin shine shayarwa na yau da kullun.
Kula da Shuka ƙasa
Bacopa yana da matukar bukatar a kan haske. Don yawan fure, tsawon lokacin awowin hasken rana ya kamata ya zama aƙalla sa'o'i 11;
Suthera na iya girma a lokacin bazara a kan titi a cikin yankuna daban-daban na yanayin zafi. A cikin kaka, an haye daji zuwa sama kuma an tura shi zuwa ɗakuna mai haske, mai sanyi - baranda mai walƙiya da ruɓaɓɓiyar iska, veranda. Mafi kyawun lokacin sanyi shine + 8-15 ° С. Lokacin dasawa, dole ne a rage girman shuka.
Suthera baya son busasshiyar iska - ba za'a iya sanya shi sama da baturin ba. Itataccen ɗan asalin tsiro ne zuwa ga subtropics kuma yana da matukar wadatar jini. Ana shayar da shi kowace rana, a cikin zafi - sau biyu a rana - safe da maraice. A lokacin kafin bayyanar buds, ana fesa bushes sau biyu a rana.
A lokacin girma - a lokacin rani da farkon rabin kaka - ana ciyar da su da takaddun takaddun da ke ɗauke da nitrogen, potassium, magnesium da manganese. Mafi kyawun kowane mako. Kyawawan furanni kai tsaye ya dogara da kayan miya. Daga Oktoba zuwa Maris, furanni ya huta - sun daina haduwa kuma ba a shayar da su sau da yawa.
Bacopa ba ya son zayyana. Isasa ta zama mai ɗan acidic, zaku iya haɗa ƙasa ƙasa da peat daidai gwargwado, ƙara ɗan humus da yashi. Haɗin shirye-shiryen na tsire-tsire masu fure dangane da peat suma sun dace. Lokacin girma a cikin tukwane, ana buƙatar malalewa ruwa.
Pruning a farkon lokacin bazara ko kuma nan da nan bayan fure yana kara adowar fure.
Kula da Shukewar Shuka
A cikin jerin ruwayoyin ruwa, sutra ya fi bambancin jinsunan ƙasa a cikin lambuna da baranda. Bacopa ba tsire-tsire bane, kodayake, yakamata a kiyaye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye a zazzabi na + 22-28 ° C, in ba haka ba ganyayyaki zasu fara lalacewa, kuma girma na fure zaiyi rauni.
Ruwa ya kamata ɗan ɗanɗani acidic. Za a zuba farin yashi ko ƙwal 2 cm a cikin akwati .. containerasar da ke cikin akwatin kifaye na iya yin silted.
Dankalin tsire-tsire na ruwa na sama yana karɓar dukkan abubuwan abinci daga ruwa kuma baya buƙatar ciyar da shi. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki don naman alade shine abinci da mahimman kayan kifi, gami da ɓacin rai. Tsarin Monier yana tsayayya da abun cikin ruwa mai tsafta da ɗan gishiri. 
Bacopa Monier
Kiwo
Kiwo bacopa bashi da wahala. A bu mai kyau a yada shi ta hanyar yanka a kowace shekara. Hanyar ciyayi tana ba ka damar adana nau'ikan halittu. Bugu da kari, biennials da tsofaffi girma Bloom muni.
Yankan ana yin su ne a watan Fabrairu-Maris - ana yanke itace, zai fi dacewa akalla 10 cm tsayi (15 cm a cikin tsayi iri). An shuka samfuran ruwa a cikin tukwane, ba zurfafa zurfin ƙananan ganye ba, ko kuma an ba da izinin iyo har sai asalinsu ya yi girma.
A cikin nau'ikan ƙasa, ana sa cuttings a cikin ruwa har sai Tushen ya bayyana, to, ana dasa su cikin ƙasa wanda aka shirya da shuka don shuka. Bayan tushen, ana tura su zuwa tukwane don "mazaunin" na dindindin. A lokacin rani, zaku iya yaduwar saka ruwa.
Taimakawa ga tushen jiyya na cutarwa na heteroauxin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epin tsawon sa'o'i da yawa. Bayan dasa shuki da sauya tsire-tsire, yana da matukar muhimmanci a shayar da ƙasa gaba ɗaya kuma fesa da seedlingsan itacen.
Hakanan kuma Suther yana yaduwa tare da kayan iri - soaked har ma rana guda, an shuka shi ƙarƙashin gilashi a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da peat substrate don germination. Ana shuka danyen a kasa kawai ba a binne shi.
Sau da yawa moisten duniya daga sprayer - ya kamata ba bushe fitar. Girma zafin jiki - + 22-26 ° С. Lokacin germin shine kwanaki 19-14. Ana iya ganin duk matakai na girma a cikin hoto.
Ana ɗaukar abubuwa biyu - na farko lokacin da ganye uku suka bayyana a cikin kwantena daban, na biyu lokacin da tanki ya zama ƙanana, yayin da aka binne slightlyan itacen a hankali. Bayan mako guda, ana ciyar da matasa seedlings tare da hadaddun takin, an narkar da shi sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da sashi don fure mai girma.
Bayan makonni 3-4, 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance a shirye don dasawa. Seedlings "fushi" - da za'ayi a rana da saba da hasken rana. Ana shuka lingsan itace tare da tazara daidai da yuwuwar tsararren tsararren daji.
Cutar da kwari
Bacopa kusan ba shi da lafiya, kuma idan fure tana da kamanni mara kyau, wannan ya faru ne saboda kulawa mara kyau: rashin haske, matsewar ruwa, da ƙasa mara dacewa. An bayyana hanyoyin kwari da hanyoyin sarrafawa a cikin tebur.
| Matsalar | Magani |
| Aphids. Farar fata Spider mite. | Fesa tare da acaricide. |
| Sooty naman gwari. Motsi naman gwari. Gray mold. | Sanadin cutar kuturta ita ce sanyata a zazzabi. A wannan yanayin, kambin ya yi gyaɗa kuma an bi da shi ta hanyar kashe-kashe (sau uku a cikin kwana bakwai). |
Yin amfani da warkewa
Kayan kwantar da hankali na sutra:
- anti-mai kumburi;
- rauni waraka.
- painkillers;
- antioxidant;
- tonic;
- astringents;
- kamuwa da cuta.
Bacopa yana da sakamako mai amfani sosai a cikin kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi, ana amfani dashi don haɗarin cerebrovascular, cutar Alzheimer, damuwa, rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da iyawar hankali. Ana amfani da shirye-shiryen Bacopa sosai a magungunan mutane.
