Yadda za a dasa itacen apple?

Alurar riga kafi na ɗan itacen apple girma ya taimaka kiyaye ire-iren halaye na itatuwa. Ba koyaushe zai yiwu a sauya tsoffin kofe tare da sababbi ba, kuma wannan hanyar da sauri kuma tare da ƙarancin farashi yana sabunta gonar.

Alurar riga kafi na itatuwan apple itace hanya ce ta ciyawar yaduwa ta hanyar lambu. Ya dogara ne akan haɗarin harbe harbe da dama bishiyoyi.

Professionalswararrun kayan lambu suna amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan:

• Scion - wani ɓangare na itace (toho ko harba) grafting akan wata shuka don samun sabon kaddarorin;
• jari - itace mai bayarwa (ana ɗaukar halaye masu mahimmanci daga gare ta).

An ɗauka cewa ana iya samun wannan tasirin sakamakon godiya ga cambium - ƙwaƙwalwar ilimantarwa wanda ke da alhakin ƙara girma na mai tushe. An samo shi a ƙarƙashin haushi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa yadudduka a scion da jari suna cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, saboda matsananciyar haɗuwarsu wajibi ne.

Ksawainiya da Manufofin

An sanya maganin don:

• don adana ƙimar nau'ikan batattu yayin pollination;
• raba rabin lokacin fruiting;
• sami samfurin dwarf wanda ke ba da apples a baya;
• iri iri da ba su dace da yanayin yankin ba;
• bishiya daya ta fitar da ire-irensu iri daya lokaci daya;
• kiyaye samfurin da dabbobi suka sha, mummunan tasirin muhalli (alal misali, iska, ƙanƙara, sanyi);
• gwada sabon iri;
• ƙara yawan haihuwa, ƙarfin hali;
• dasa shukar pollinator;
• sake gyara gonar ba da wani tsada ba.

Lokacin da ake grafting a kan scion da rootstock, ana yin yanka. Za a haɗu masu shimfiɗa cambium, an matse su da kyau don shiga tsakani.

Lokaci

Lokacin rigakafin ya dogara da sauyin yanayi a yankin. Misali, a tsakiyar yankin kasar kuma a kudu na Urals, ana gasa itacen apple a kashi na biyu na bazara, lokacin da zai tashi daga yanayin hunturu kuma ya fara kwarara ruwan itace.

An yi musu alurar rigakafin bazara (daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa rabin na biyu na watan Agusta). A lokacin da ya kwarara ruwan itace zai fara sake. A watan Agusta, ana ba da shawarar dasa sababbin lambu. Wannan lokacin shekara kamar haɓaka wani lambu ne a duk yankuna na ƙasar Rasha.

Hunturu

A cikin hunturu, ana shuka bishiyoyin apple apple, wanda zai sauka bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Wannan yakamata ayi ta a zazzabi mai kyau kawai. Ana kiran wannan maganin "tebur" saboda ana aiwatar dashi a cikin gine-gine na musamman.

Kashe mataki-mataki-mataki:

• lokaci mafi dacewa: Janairu-Maris;
• aikata rabin wata kafin sauka;
• an cire dutsen daga mai bayarwa don sanyi, a zazzabi na akalla -8 °;
• har sai grafting, ana sa rassan a 0 °;
• a cikin mako biyu an canza hannun jari zuwa ɗakin dumi;
• 'ya'yan itacen apple kafin a dasa su a yanayin zafi sama da sifili.

Grafting hunturu za a iya yi ne kawai ta hanyar gogaggen lambu, saboda abu ne mai wuya.

Fadowa

Itace ana shuka itaciya a kaka kawai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, alal misali, lokacin da akwai sihirin da ya kebanta wanda ba zai iya kiyayewa ba har sai lokacin bazara. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin wannan lokacin akwai raguwa cikin kwararar ruwan itace.

Dokoki:

• a cikin dumin yanayi lokacin da babu iska;
• idan an ba da maganin a farkon Satumba, zai fi kyau zaɓi tsarin "budding";
• Har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba, ana amfani da hanyoyin “tsagewa” (a gida kawai), “a kan haushi” (ba a ƙarshen Satumba ba, wato har sai daskarewa ta auku, in ba haka ba almarar za ta mutu kuma ba za ta iya yin tushe ba);
• zazzabi ba kasa da -15 digiri.

Wadanne irin hanyoyi ne waɗannan: “dinganuwa,” “rarrabuwa,” “a bayan haushi,” karanta sashin "Hanyoyi da hanyoyin rigakafin."

Yana da babban darajar rayuwar hannun jari daga yara masu ban tsoro.

Lokacin rani

Alurar riga kafi ne da karɓi ta itacen apple. An ba da shawarar yin shi a farkon watan Agusta, lokacin da kashi na biyu ya fara, motsi na ruwa tare da abubuwan gina jiki daga rhizome zuwa kore. A cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha, ana amfani da hanyar “budding”. Kuna iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin.

Lokacin bazara

Mafi kyawun lokacin alurar riga kafi. Bishiyoyi suna ɗaukar shi sauƙi kuma yana haɓaka da sauri. Wannan kuma ya shafi scions da hannun jari.

Lokaci mafi dacewa bisa ga kalandar rana: kwanakin watan da ya girma. Zazzabi tabbatacce ne, yanayin yana da nutsuwa. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine safiya ko faɗuwar rana.

Zabi na scion da stock

Nasarar grafting ya dogara da zaɓin bishiyun da suka dace. Da farko, an zaɓi hannun jari. Itacen apple yakamata ya kasance lafiyayye, ba tare da matsaloli tare da haushi, rassan bushe, da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi. Yi amfani da bishiyoyi masu girma da girma. Lokacin da aikin zai sauya shuka, ana ɗaukar samfurin a ƙuruciya, har zuwa shekara uku (wildcat). Don ana amfani da nau'ikan tushen dabbobi waɗanda ke haifar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa kuma suna da haɓaka. Suna bambanta daga yanki.

Itacen itacen apple mai ba da gudummawa dole ne ya kasance mai balaga, mai 'ya'yan itace aƙalla shekaru biyu. Wannan zai taimaka wajen fahimtar abin da dandano na 'ya'yan itacen zai kasance, da yawa za su kasance, da kuma tantance juriya na shuka.

Yana da kyawawa cewa scion da stock suna kusa iri. Wannan yana tabbatar da rayuwa, amma ba wani abu ake bukata ba.

Itace girbi

Itacen itacen apple, daga wanda ake ɗaukar kayan grafting, dole ne ya hayayyafa, tare da samun ingantacciyar nutsuwa. Rassan da aka yanke daga sassan kudu sun cikakke, shekara daya. An ɗauke su daga tsakiyar kambi.

Scion shoot bukatun:

• tsawon - talatin zuwa arba'in santimita;
• kewaye - santin shida zuwa bakwai;
• internodes ba gajere ba ne;
• rashin buds;
• itacen apple ba ya wuce shekara goma.

Sharuɗɗan girbin yankuna sun sha bamban. Ana iya yanke su a farkon hunturu, bazara, kafin alurar riga kafi.

Nau'in da hanyoyin alurar riga kafi

Akwai fasahar grafting mai yawa; ana zaban su gwargwadon yanayi da shekarun itacen apple. Dole ne a shirya kayan aikin da ke gaba:

• lambun gani;
• wuka mai kyau ko ƙasa;
• kayan ligation: masana'anta da aka haɗa, facin;
• lambun var.

Kafin kowane hanyar yin rigakafi, kuna buƙatar gurɓar kayan aikin, ku wanke hannuwanku sosai kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin guje wa tsawan ɓangaren sassan tare da iska.

Magudi

Wannan dabarar ta dogara ne da harbin koda. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine mafi ƙarancin rauni ga itacen apple.

Idan ana yin rigakafin a cikin bazara, ana amfani da koda na bara. An karɓa daga ganyen da aka girbe a kaka. An ba da shawarar lambu 'yan lambu waɗanda ba su da kwarewa sosai don ɗaukar ɗan kwalliya mai wahala, yana da wahala a lalata shi.

Kwarewa mataki-mataki:

• an sanya abin ɓoye a kan hanyar daga yankin arewacin (cambium ba zai iya lalata ba);
• ana saka kodon yanki guda kusa da gangar jikin;
• an rufe yankin da aka raunata da miya;
• wurin yin allurar rigakafin yana lubricated tare da gonar var;
• dukkan ayyuka suna da sauri.

Lokacin da ciyawar ta fara girma, an cire miya. Idan maganin bai yi nasara ba, ana yin na biyu a wuri guda.

Fumigation a cikin butt ne yake aikata Haka. Ana amfani da koda tare da haushi, wanda ake amfani da shi akan hannun jari a maimakon garkuwar da aka yanke. Girman su dole ne daidai. Ana amfani da hanyar don kananan bishiran apple. Yawancin lokaci ana yin amfani da shi a cikin bazara da bazara, lokacin da haushi ya zama ya mutu da kyau.

Alurar riga kafi domin haushi

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a cikin kaka, ba daga baya Satumba. An sanya shi don sabunta gonar, don mayar da sassan matattun matattara tare da tsarin tushen rayuwa. Ya kamata a tsage haushi daga gangar jikin don tona cambium.

Mataki-mataki umarnin:

• ana yin tushen tushe a kan tushen, mai kama da aljihu;
• An yanke kututture tare da layin da ba a manta ba;
• matsi da karfi a kan cambium;
• gyarawa da haushi;
• daure kuma aka sarrafa ta hanyar var.

Ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a shuka rassa da yawa a lokaci daya cikin daji.

Kwafa da harshe

Amfani lokacin da jari da scion iri daya ne diamita. Ana yin incliyon oblique akan duka rassan kuma an haɗa su. Don tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, za'a iya yin kwano akan layin jeri.

Bayan alurar riga kafi, yankin da ya lalace ba a ɗaure shi da kyau ba, an bi da shi tare da var. Za'a iya amfani da copulation don grafting da yawa iri daya lokaci daya. Hanyar don graft itacen apple

Cikin shiga

An yi amfani da shi don sabunta tsohuwar lambun. Alurar riga kafi taimaka revitalize itacen, inganta yanayin kambi. Ana aiwatar dashi kamar haka:

• an yanke saman itacen;
• an yanke wani kwance a kan kututture biyar zuwa shida santimita;
• an saka itace a cikin hutu;
• lokacin da tushen keɓewa ya yi girma sau biyu kamar harbi, ana ɗaukar rassa da yawa na garkuwar;
• an rufe yankin da ya lalace tare da kayan miya, ana bi da shi da var.

Lokacin da ciyawar ta samo tushe, an cire miya.

A cikin kaka, ana yin allurar rigakafi a gida: bayan matakan da aka bayyana a sama, ana dasa jari da scion a cikin akwati kuma an kai su cikin matattarar ƙasa, inda tare da ƙaramin ƙara, za su kasance har sai lokacin bazara, sannan manyan ƙwayoyin za su buƙaci a dasa shi.

Shiga ciki

Hanyar:

1. A kan scion, an sanya incion bakwai zuwa goma santimita a kusurwar digiri 30.
2. An kunna hannun jari a bangarorin biyu, an cire haushi.
3. An saka madaurin a cikin abin da aka gama, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar var.
4. Idan harbi ya manne da gangar jikin, ba a yin miya.

Ana amfani da hanyar lokacin da haushi ya ɓaci gangar jikin, yana lalata cambium.

Kwayar cuta

Da diamita na scion da stock ya zama iri ɗaya. Samuwar dabara:

1. An sare itacen dabino, wanda yake goma sha biyar zuwa ashirin santimita bisa saman duniya.
2. Sakamakon kututture da ake yankewa an yanke shi gabaɗaya, yana komawa baya daga reshe biyu santimita;
3. Endarshe na ƙarshen harbi yana mai rufi da var;
4. An yanke ƙananan ƙananan rutsi, an matse reshe a kan jari;
5. Filin rigakafin an lullube shi da polyethylene ko tef ɗin PVC;
6. An saka kunshin a saman da bandeji.

Lokacin da ganye kore na farko ya bayyana, an cire miya.

Bishiyoyi masu dacewa don dasa shuki itacen apple

Za'a iya dasa bishiyar apple akan bishiyoyi daban-daban. Tsire-tsire iri ɗaya na tsiro. Koyaya, alurar riga kafi ya dace da sauran al'adun. Abin da alurar riga kafi ne yake aikata on:

Dalilan gazawar

Don guje wa kasawa, yi la'akari da masu zuwa:

• Ba a yin buɗe ido daga gefen kudu: hasken rana kai tsaye na iya lalata komai;
• ba a yin rigakafin ruwan sama ba;
• ba za ku iya amfani da sabon turare ba: an yanke harbe-harbe lokacin da itacen yake hutawa;
• bayan grafting, ana buƙatar kulawa da hankali, in ba haka ba itacen apple zai tsage tsutsa;
• Ana cire ligation bayan reshe ya ɗauki tushe (idan ba a yi hakan ba, ci gaban zai yi ƙasa a hankali);
• harbe da ke ƙasa alurar riga kafi an cire shi;
• an ƙuntata haɓakar rassan sama da yankin da aka lalace har sai abubuwan gina jiki suka fara gudana cikin sabon tushe.

Lokacin da aka cika duk ka'idodi da buƙatun, alurar riga kafi tayi nasara. A nan gaba, babu matsaloli tare da itacen.

Mr. mazaunin rani ya yi gargadin: matakan tsaro muhimmin bangare ne

Kariya da amincin:

• alurar riga kafi faruwa a cikin bushe lokacin da babu iska;
• Kada ku karkatar da hankali;
• lokacin yin tursasawa, tabbatar cewa wannan hannun ba ya karkashin wuka;
• a hankali gano motsin kaifi a gaban abin da aka yi;
• Lokacin aiwatar da ƙarshen abin riƙe hannun, yakamata a yiwa mashin wuka 'nesa da kai'.

Don alurar riga kafi, ana amfani da kayan haɗari. Sabili da haka, kiyaye aminci shine muhimmin ɓangare.