Tsuga wani nau'in coniferous ne na bishiyoyin Pine mai zurfi (yakamata a rarrabe shi da pseudotsuga thyssolate). Asalinta shine yankin Arewacin Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Tsawon bishiyoyi yakai daga 5-6 zuwa 25-30 zuwa m .. Mafi girma a 75 m an rubuta shi a yammacin Tsugi.
Itace tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye yanayin halittun duniya. Wannan babbar mafita ce ga yan lambu. Ana amfani da ire-irensu don dalilai na ado da masana'antar sarrafa katako.
Halaye
Abubuwan buƙatun shuka, har ma a kan reshe ɗaya, na iya bambanta da tsayi. Endsarshen harbe an yi wa ado ƙanana ƙananan ovu cones. Tsuga tayi girma a hankali. Haɓaka iska ke shafar mummunan iska da bushewa. Cutar da ci gaban yanayi ke faruwa a watan Yuni.
Farashin tsirrai na Tsugi ya tashi daga 800-1200 rubles. Manyan tsirrai-tsirrai sun fi tsirrai tsada.
Nau'in Tsugi
Har zuwa yau, an san nau'ikan tsire-tsire 14 zuwa 18. Ana yawan amfani da Tsugi:
| Dubawa | Bayanin |
| Harshen Kanada | Yana da launi da launuka iri-iri. Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'ikan. Ana samunsa ko'ina a tsakiyar layin. Gida na - yankuna na gabashin Arewacin Amurka. Yana da sanyi mai jure sanyi, baya yankar ƙasa ne da danshi. Sau da yawa ana rarrabu zuwa bangarori da yawa a gindi. Tsawon zai iya isa 25 ± 5 m, kuma fadin gundumar ita ce 1 ± 0.5 m. A farko, haushi ya yi launin ruwan kasa da laushi. A tsawon lokaci, yana zama wrinkled kuma yana fara exfoliate. Yana da kambi mai kyau a kamannin dala tare da rassan kwance. Matasan rassan sun rataye kamar baka. Abubuwan allura suna da laushi mai laushi 9-15 cm tsayi kuma tsayi zuwa mm 2 mm, a saman - obtuse kuma a gindi - zagaye. Top yana da launin kore mai duhu, ƙananan fararen fararen 2. Cones akwai launin ruwan kasa mai haske, ovate 2-2.5 cm tsayi da faɗi 1-1.5 cm, an ɗan rage shi. Rufe Sikeli suna da ɗan gajere fiye da iri. Tsaba suna da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, suna yadu a watan Oktoba. Irin ≈4 mm tsayi. Yankunan kayan ado sun bambanta da irin al'ada da launi na allura. |
| Leafy | Yana kaiwa 20 m. Japan an dauki kasarta. Yana girma a 800-2100 m sama da matakin teku. Tana da allura mai haske, mara kyau ta tsinkayar kasa. Kodan suna da kananan zagaye. Abubuwan da suke a jikin allunan suna da sifar-silalliyar sihiri long1 ± 0.5 cm tsayi kuma kusan 3-4 mm fadi. Cones ba su iyawa a cikin tsari, suna zaune a tsaye, har zuwa 2 cm tsayi. Bishiyar sanyi |
| Karolinskaya | An samo shi a gabashin Arewacin Amurka a cikin tsaunuka, kwari, tare da babban bankunan kogunan kuma ana bambanta shi da babban kambi, rawanin rami, haushi mai launin shuɗi, wanda aka lashe tare da harbe mai bakin ciki tare da ɗimbin yawa. Tsawon sama na iya wucewa na 15. .an buɗe ido ya haɗu da haske, launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. Abubuwan allura suna da duhu duhu a ƙasa tare da ratsi-fari biyu mai launin kore. Tsawon needles yana kan matsakaicin 11-14 mm. Cones launin ruwan kasa mai haske har zuwa cm 3 cm. Tana da ƙarancin hunturu dangane da layin tsakiyar. Shade mai haƙuri. Ina son matsakaiciyar shayarwa da ƙasa mai kyau. |
| Yamma | Ya fito daga arewacin arewacin Amurka, shine mafi nau'in kayan ado. Ana amfani da bishiyoyi ta hanyar haɓaka mai sauri, ƙarancin sanyi mai sanyi. Tsawonsu ya kai mita 60. Haushi yana da kauri, ja-mai-ruwan-ci. Budsan wasan ƙanana kaɗan, kwari, zagaye. Cones suna da matsala, tsayi, har zuwa 2.5 cm tsayi. A cikin yanayi mai tsauri, yanayin dwarf danshi yawanci ana girma, wanda dole ne a rufe shi don hunturu. |
| Sinanci | Ya zo daga China. Ya ƙunshi halaye na ado, kambi mai ban sha'awa kama da dala a kamannin, da allura mai haske. Yana jin dadi sosai a cikin yanayin zafi da gumi. |
| Himalayan | Yana zaune a cikin tsaunin Himalayas a tsawan 2500-3500 m sama da matakin teku. Itace mai tsayi tare da rassa mai tsayi da kuma rataye rassan. The harbe ne mai launin ruwan kasa, kodan suna zagaye. Abubuwan allura suna da yawa 20-25 mm mai tsayi. Cones suna da rauni, marasa iyawa, 20-25 mm a tsayi. |
Shahararrun nau'ikan Tsugi don haɓaka a Rasha
A tsakiyar yanayin latitude, Kanad Tsuga yana jin daɗi. Fiye da iri 60 an san su, amma waɗannan suna yawanci a cikin Rasha:
| Digiri | Siffar |
| Variegata | Kyakkyawan fasali na iri-iri kyakkyawar needles na azurfa ne. |
| Aurea | An kwatanta shi da ƙarshen zinare na harbe. Tsayi zai iya kaiwa 9 m. |
| Girgiza kai | Wani nau'i na ado tare da kambi mai kama da ƙwallo da arched, mai lankwasa, sau da yawa rataye rassan. |
| Jeddeloch (eddeloch) | Shapearamin abu mai laushi tare da kambi mai yawa, gajeriyar karkace da rassa mai yawa. Haushi da harbe-zanen ne mai launin shuɗi-launin toka, allurai suna duhu kore. |
| Pendula | Itace mai yawa-mai har zuwa m 3.8 a tsayi tare da rawanin kuka. Rassan gwanayen maraba. Abubuwan allura suna da duhu sosai mai duhu tare da kyalli mai haske. An girma a matsayin shuka mai 'yanci ko an ƙulla shi akan ƙa'idar aiki. |
| Nana | Ya kai tsawo na 1-2 m. Yana da kambi mai kauri mai kauri. Cikakkun allurai suna da laushi da laushi. Abubuwan allura suna koren duhu, an shirya harbe harbe masu haske na launin kore mai haske a kwance. Rassanan gajeru ne, suna zubewa, suna duban kasa. Dankin yana da sanyi mai tsauri, mai inuwa, ya fi son yashi mai laushi ko ƙasa. Abubuwan buƙatun har zuwa 2 cm tsayi kuma ≈1 mm fadi. An yaduwar iri-iri ta hanyar tsaba da iri. Nagari don yin ado wuraren dutse. |
| Bennett | Har zuwa 1.5 m ba ga tsawo ba, wanda aka yi masa rawanin-kambi mai ƙyalli tare da allura mai yawa har zuwa 1 cm a tsayi. |
| Minti | Siffi mai tsayi tare da kambi da nisa ƙasa da cm 50. Tsawon lokacin harbe shekara shekara bai wuce cm 1 Tsawon allurai shine 8 is 2 mm, fadin shine 1-1.5 mm. Sama - koren duhu, a ƙasa - tare da farin duwatsun otomatik. |
| Harshen Iceland | A tsayi har zuwa 1 m, yana da dala mai kwance da kwance tare da rataye rassan. Allurar allura, mai duhu-shuɗi mai duhu tare da ƙura. A iri-iri ne inuwa m, fi son m, m da sako-sako da ƙasa. |
| Gracilis | Abubuwan duhu. A tsayi, zai iya kai mita 2,5. |
| Prostrata | Creeping iri-iri, har zuwa m 1 m. |
| Minima | Musamman tsararren shuka har zuwa 30 cm tsayi tare da gajerun rassa da kananan allura. |
| Fountain | Yawancin nau'ikan da bai isa ba har zuwa 1.5 m. Pearfin sa kwatankwacin kamannin kambi ne. |
| Dusar ƙanƙara | Unusual view of tsuga har zuwa 1.5 m high tare da matasa harbe rufe whitish needles. |
| Albospicata | Itatattun ƙananan bishiyoyi har zuwa tsayi 3. M ƙarshen harbe suna launin fari-fari. Abubuwan allura akan bayyanar suna da launin rawaya, tare da launi mai haske mai haske tare da shekaru. |
| Sargenti | Tsugi iri-iri har zuwa 4.5 m. |
| Sabon Zinare | Bayani iri-iri yana kama da Aurea iri-iri. Matasa buladi suna da ƙwaya mai launin shuɗi. |
| Macrophile | Muguwar abubuwa iri-iri. Bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai fadi da manyan allura sun kai tsayin 24 m. |
| Microfila | M da m shuka. Abubuwan sun kasance tsawon 5 mm kuma fadi 1 mm. Abun kantuna kai tsaye sune launin kore-kore. |
| Ammerland | Abubuwan haske na kore mai haske tare da tukwici daga cikin rassan gaba da bangon duhu allurai kore sune adon wurin. Tsawon da wuya ya wuce na 1. A kambi yana kama da siffar naman gwari: rassan matasa suna girma a sarari, rassan manya yawanci suna durƙushe. |
| Dwarf a zanza | Dwarf shuka shine keglevidnoy form. Abubuwan cikin allura a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin rani suna fari tare da nuna halin koyan shiga a hankali. |
| Parviflora | M dwarf form. Brown harbe. Abubuwan har zuwa 4-5 mm a tsayi. Katako na kai tsaye ba a gano shi ba. |
Bukatun ƙasa
Don dalilai na dasa, an zaɓi seedlings a cikin kwantena. Matsayin da aka ba da shawarar su ya kai 50 cm, shekaru yana zuwa shekaru 8, kuma rassan ya zama kore. Yana da Dole a tabbatar da cewa tushen tsarin yana lafiya tare da tsiro, ba a rushe tushen sa ba, yayin da yake shimfidawa a saman duniya.
Tsarin ƙasa
Don girma, rabin-inuwa, iska mara tsabta, wuraren tsabtace muhalli sun dace. Mafi kyau duka sabo ne, danshi, acidified, ƙasa mai kyau. Makonni biyu na farko na Mayu, Agusta, ana ɗauka mafi kyawun lokacin don sauka. Zurfin ramin dasawa yakamata ya zama ya kasance sau biyu a tsawon tsayin tushen seedling. Ingantacce - aƙalla 70 cm.
Tsarin saukowa yayi kama da haka:
- Don tabbatar da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa, an rufe kasan ramin da sandar yashi mai kauri na cm cm 2. An riga an wanke yashi kuma a sanyashi.
- Ramin ya cika da ƙasa cakuda ƙasa turf, ƙasa ganye da yashi a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1: 2. Wasu lokuta suna amfani da cakuda takin tare da kasar gona a cikin rabo 1: 1.
- Ana saukar da hatsin da ke da ƙura a cikin rami.
- Tushen tushen yana yayyafa shi da ƙasa, ba tare da taɓa ɓangaren miƙa mulki na tushen sa cikin akwati ba.
- An shuka shayarwa a cikin iri (game da lita 10 na ruwa a kowace rami) kuma an cika ƙasa sosai tare da tsakuwa, haushi ko kwakwalwan itace.
A cikin filayen rukuni, ana la'akari da nisa tsakanin ramuka. A yadda aka saba, yakamata ya kasance 1.5-2.0 m.
A cikin watanni 24 na farko, ana rufe seedlings daga iska, ba su da tabbas saboda ci gaba mai rauni na tushen tsarin. Matasa tsirrai sun fi saukin kamuwa da sanyi fiye da takwarorinsu masu ƙarfi.
Kulawa
Don haɓaka da haɓaka, tsuge yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun a cikin kudi na ≈10 l na ruwa a mako daya don 1 m². Sau ɗaya a wata, fesa kambi yana da amfani. Ya kamata a ciyar da shuka a cikin kaka da bazara, ana kashe sama da 200 g na takin da lita 10 na ruwa.
Tsuga yana son phosphate da takin potash, amma bai yarda da nitrogen ba.
Rassanda da ke taɓa ƙasa don gujewa Rotting ana bada shawara a yanka. Ana yin kwalliya da kyau don yin kwaskwarimar ƙasa ba mai zurfi ba 10 cm.
Kula da Tsuga a cikin karkara yana da halaye na kansa. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, ya kamata a rufe shuka da rassan spruce ko peat. Ana bukatar dusar kankara daga rassan don kada su fashe.
Tsuntsi iri da yaduwar ciyayi
An aiwatar da yaduwar Shuka:
- A tsaba. Suna fitowa watanni 3-4 bayan shiga ƙasa da zazzabi na + 3 ... +5 ° C.
- Yankan. An yanke yankan ne a farkon bazara da bazara, yankan rassan gefen. Rooting mai yiwuwa ne tare da babban zafi da ƙasa matsakaici.
- Maimaitawa. Yi amfani da harbe kwance a ƙasa. Tare da kyakkyawar hulɗa tare da kasar gona da yawan shayarwa na yau da kullun, tushen su yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 2. Lokacin yadawa ta hanyar yin farawa, tsuga ba koyaushe yake riƙe da kambin kamannin halin shi ba.
Cutar Tsugu da kwari
Thewar gizo-gizo babban aboki ne na Tsugi na Kanad. Yana da Dole a yanke harbe da wannan kwaro, kuma kada a manta a kurkura gaba daya bishiyar. Idan ya cancanta, an yarda da amfani da acaricides.
Insectsan kwari, kwari, da kwari kuma zasu iya zama haɗari.
Mr. Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: Tsuga a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
A tsarin zane-zanen fili, Tsuga yana da kyau a hade tare da bishiyoyi masu lalacewa da kuma shukakkun bishiyoyi masu haske. Ana iya amfani dashi don shiryawa na yau da kullun, da kuma a cikin rukuni (a cikin hanyar ɗayan iska) da shinge keɓewa. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da bishiran Tall kamar shinge.
Tsuga ya yi haƙuri sosai. Babban shahararren shahararrun nau'ikan fadowa ne wadanda suka dace da gidajen lambun dutse. Bukatar danshi mai matsakaici ya ba da izinin shuka don yin kwalliyar tafkunan. Wani kambi mai kauri yana kare kyawawan tsire-tsire daga zafin rana, ƙyale su su girma cikin yanayi mai daɗi, kuma jinkirin haɓaka muhimmiyar fa'ida ce a cikin ƙirar ƙasa.
