Alstroemeria (alstroemeria) - rhizome da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna cikin dangin Alstremeriev. Yankunan rarraba - Kudancin Amurka.
Bayanin Alstroemeria
Alstremerias sune perennials tare da gindin mai siffa, mai tushe mai laushi. Isarshe mai jujjuyawa ne, madaidaiciya tare da bakin ciki, layin layi, duka ganyayyaki iri biyu: babba (tsire-tsire) a saman da ƙanana, an rarraba shi ko'ina cikin tushe, haihuwa.
Akwai wasu bambance-bambancen da suka gagara a cikin dukkanin Alstroemerians - maimaitawa, kan aiwatar da girma petioles an juya ta hanyar 180 °. Umbrella inflorescences daga 5 cm na fure mai kama da Lily, a kan akwai akwai guda 30. Launinsu suna da bambanci iri-iri, amma kusan kowa yana da tsarin rayuwa.
Pollination na faruwa ta hanyar kwari da iska. An kafa akwatin fruita fruitan itace, wanda, lokacin da aka buɗe yayin farfadowa, ya zube tsaba kusa da shuka.
Iri da nau'in alstroemeria
Mafi daidaitawa sune nau'ikan masu zuwa:
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Furanni Gudun ruwa |
| Kyawawa | Kara tsayi 1 m 70 cm. | Lilac. A cikin bazara, tare da kulawa mai kyau, na biyu zai yiwu. |
| Zinare | 1 m 50 cm. sanyi mai jurewa (har -12-C). | Launin launuka daban-daban na rawaya. Yuni - Agusta. |
| Orange | 90 cm. Ganya suna da launin toka. Iri: Lutea (launin rawaya), Orange King (lemu mai tsami, mai tsananin zafi, yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu), Dover Orange (ja-orange). | Ganyen zaki. Midsummer - Midsummer. |
| Gimbiya Gimbiya | Fim 30-70 cm - Kyakkyawan al'adun tukunya don girma a cikin furannin furanni, don ado baranda da wuraren shakatawa. | Violet, tare da motley rawaya-rasberi makogwaro. A farkon bazara - sanyi na farko. |
| Harshen Peruvian | 80-90 cm.Yankuna-hunturu (sanyi mai gajeren lokaci har zuwa -20 ° C, amma ya zama dole a haƙa rhizomes a tsakiyar tsiri). | M ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan sanyi a tsakiya. Duk lokacin bazara. |
| Harshen Brazil | Tall har zuwa 2 m. | Tagulla jan. Guguwar bazara ce. |
| Regina mai hadewa | 1-1.5 m. Mafi na kowa. Dama madaidaiciya tare da kore lanceolate ganye. | Pink tare da layin launin ruwan kasa. Ofarshen Yuni - tsakiyar Satumba. |
| Virginia | 70 cm. Babban manyan harbe. | Manyan fararen fata, rawaya masu launi a ciki. Yuni - Nuwamba (ko sanyi na farko). |
Kulawar gida don alstroemeria
Alstroemeria yana girma sosai a cikin gida, karkashin wasu sharuda:
- Rhizome na fure yana da tsayi (ƙirar siffa), don haka suna ɗaukar akwati mai zurfi, aƙalla 30 cm, tare da rami na magudanar ruwa.
- Wurin yana da rana, amma ana samun kariya daga haskoki kai tsaye.
- A cikin hunturu - nesa daga dumama.
- Watering - na yau da kullun bayan kwanaki 3, a lokacin rani - mafi m, amma matsakaici. Aiwatar da ruwa mai tsafta.
- Fesa a kowace rana.
- Soasa: ganye, ganya, humus, haushi (2: 1: 1: 1).
- Manyan riguna - tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium (m), in babu furanni, amma tare da yalwar ganye - canza taki ko dakatar da ciyarwa.
- Juyawar shekara a bazara.
Shuka da kulawa da alstroemeria a cikin filin ƙasa
Don girma a gonar ta amfani da nau'ikan tsayi (Beauty, Zinare, Peruvian, Orange King).
Sake bugun ciki da dasa alstroemeria
Bred by tsaba da kuma rarraba rhizomes. Ana shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu, fure na faruwa ne kawai a shekara ta uku. A ƙarshen bazara, ana shuka tsofaffin rhizome cones ko sassan, an raba su daga uwar daji tare da wuka mai kaifi:
- Zabi wani wuri ko rana ko kuma inuwa mai jujjuyawa, mafaka, dumi.
- Rarraba takin mai yawa kuma rufe shi cikin ƙasa. Ilsasa mai nauyi ta inganta tare da yashi.
- Ramin rami 15-20 cm ta hanyar 30-50 cm.
- A cikin kowane rami suna dasa kanti ɗaya, suna daidaita tushen.
- Suna barci, shayar da ciyawa (peat, ganye bushe).
Karin cigaba
M kulawa da shuka kamar haka:
- Babban alstroemeria yana da goyan bayan m raga mai amfani.
- Ana shayar da ruwa akai-akai
- Kafin fure, ana ciyar da su da takin mai magani na ruwa don fure tare da babban abun ciki na potassium.
- Sannan kowane mako tare da suttura masu rikitarwa tare da mafi ƙarancin abubuwan haɗin nitrogen.
- A cikin fall - yanka mai tushe, barin ba fiye da 10 cm, ya rufe tare da haushi, bushe foliage, fim, spruce rassan.
- A lokacin bazara mai sanyi, ana haƙa kwalban rhizome a watan Oktoba kuma sun bushe. Ana adana tumatir a zazzabi mara ƙaranci, ba fiye da +8 ° C ba, amma ba ƙasa da 0 ° C a cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa ba.
Tsirrai masu girma waɗanda hunturu a cikin ƙasa suna girma a farkon bazara kuma saboda haka na iya mutuwa daga sanyi, amma zasu sake girma lokacin da zafi ya shigo.
Cututtuka da kwari na alstroemeria
Dankin yana da matukar juriya ga cutar kuma da wuya kaji ya ci shi. Amma tare da matsalolin kulawa mara kyau mai yiwuwa ne.
| Bayyanai | Dalilai | Matakan magancewa | |
| Farar fata. | Grey rot saboda yawan wuce haddi. | Cire sassan da abin ya shafa. Suna aiwatar da tsirrai da ƙasa tare da fungicides (Fundazol, Maxim). An lalata mummunan cuta. | |
| Yanar gizo, kwari. | Spider mites. | Aka fesa tare da Actellik, Aktara, Akarina, zasu taimaka kan kowace kwari mai cutarwa. | |
| Runa a cikin ganyayyaki. | Bayyanar launin ja. | Balagaggun. | |
| Matsuka mai rufi | Matsawa. | Ciyawa tare da babban haushi kuma rufe a cikin ramin tare da pebbles. | |
Fadada rayuwar wata bouquet na alstroemeria
Alstroemeria furanni bayan yankan riƙe kamshinsu na akalla makwanni biyu, amma saboda wannan wajibi ne don kulawa da kyau tare da ɗauka daɗaɗɗen fure na alstroemeria.
An yanke furanni, lokacin da aka fara buɗe furannin, ana cire ganyayyaki galibi. Tainauke da zazzabi na + 5 ... +7 ° C, alal misali, kusa da kwandishan. An maye gurbin ruwa yau da kullun tare da tsabta, zauna (ƙara citric acid, vinegar ko ammoniya), ana lalata gilashin fure. Ana cire fure mai kullun. Kuna iya ciyarwa tare da ƙari na fure (Bud, Vitant).
