Gaylardia shuka ne na dangin Astrov. Wurin haifan wannan fure shine Amurka. A cikin daji, yayi girma a cikin Mexico da kuma Kudancin Amurka. Wanda aka yi wa lakabi da Gaillard de Charenton, wani ɗan agaji mai ba da agaji wanda ya rayu a karni na sha takwas kuma ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin dabbobi.
Wannan inji alama ce ta Oklahoma. Yana girma a cikin wuraren budewa kuma a lokacin fure yake rufe filayen cikin launi mai haske.
Bayanin Gaillardia
Koyar da iri daban-daban shekara da kuma perennial. A waje, waɗannan furanni sunyi kama da chamomile ko gerbera. Tsawonsa ya kai santimita 60. Inflorescences sune manya, fararen kaya, tabarau mai dumu dumu.
Ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin zane mai faɗi a cikin zane na lambuna da gidajen gidaje.
Iri da nau'ikan perennial da shekara-shekara gaillardia: spinous da sauransu
Dukansu nau'ikan perennial da na shekara da ire-iren gaillardia sun shahara:
| Dabbobi | Bayanin | Iri daban-daban | Bayanin |
| Kyawawan kyau | Annual Dankin tsire-tsire na kayan ado tare da launuka masu launi guda ɗaya ko biyu - ja a gindi da rawaya a gefan fure. | Ja | Flowersanan furanni masu launin ja-ruwan hoda mai zurfi. |
| Lorenza | Inflorescences suna da yawa, suna da petals da yawa. Akwai nau'ikan rawaya da launin shuɗi. | ||
| Picta fentin | Red ko launi mai launi biyu-biyu, babba, mai sihiri, tare da adadi mai yawa na petals. | ||
| Rawaya launin shuɗi | Na tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da inflorescences rawaya, mai kama da nau'ikan da suka gabata. | ||
| Takano | Har zuwa santimita 70 na tsayi, tare da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi. Yana da wuya. | ||
| Spinous | Perennial tare da m madaidaiciya mai tushe, elongated ko m ganye. Reed furanni, mai cikakken inuwa mai kyau. Flow ya fara a farkon lokacin rani. | Mandarin orange | Yawancin furanni da launuka masu haske-ruwan lemo mai haske. |
| Ire-iren ƙwayar cuta | Furen furanni tare da iyakar bakin ciki mai launin rawaya. | ||
| Dazzer | Kyau mai launi iri biyu. | ||
| Damuwa | Sakamakon hadawa da wasu nau'ikan launuka. Ya danganta da nau'ikan, akwai duka biyu masu girma (har zuwa 80 cm) da maras kunya. | Primavera | ,Arancin, ciyawar tsire-tsire mai ɗimbin yawa tare da ɗalibai masu yawa a cikin seedling ɗaya. |
| Arizona San | Dwarf iri-iri tare da dogon fure tsawon. | ||
| Sonne | Kara tsayi har zuwa 50-60 santimita, ana samun inflorescences tare da tubular da karar itace. |
Gailardia namo daga tsaba lokacin da shuka
Girma daga tsaba yana faruwa ta hanyoyi guda biyu: shuka ko shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.
Hanyar farko an kasu kashi biyu: shirya shuki da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Ana saukowa a ƙasa a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris. Tsaba ba a binne shi, amma ya shimfiɗa a kan ƙasa ya bar ta a cikin ɗakuna mai haske a zazzabi na ɗakin.
Ana sanya akwati mai tsire-tsire a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga fuskantar hasken rana. Shayar da karamin adadin ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Gailardia yana ba da farawa na farko zuwa makonni biyu bayan dasa.
Kulawar seedling
Bayan germination na seedlings, an cire akwati tare da seedlings zuwa ɓangaren sanyi na dakin ko zuwa greenhouse. 'Ya'yan itaciyar sun rabu da juna kuma a sanya su cikin ƙananan kwantena lokacin ganye na uku ya bayyana.
An shayar da tsire-tsire matasa a matsayin kayan maye. Abubuwan fashewa dole ne su kasance cikin haske don akalla awanni 14 a rana - kuna buƙatar shigar da fitilu don ƙirƙirar hasken da ya dace. Danshi a cikin daki mai harbe ya kamata a kiyaye shi matsakaici.
Gailardia dasa a bude ƙasa
Dasa gaillardia baya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa, amma kuna buƙatar bin ƙananan shawarwari dangane da lokacin shuka, wuri da ƙasa.
Lokacin sauka
Tushen da aka sake dasa ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen bazara ko a watan Satumba. Tare da dasa ingantacciyar shuka, 'ya'yan itacen zasu sami lokaci kafin su fara tushe kafin sanyi kuma su ba takwas zuwa goma ganye. A shuka zai Bloom gaba bazara.
Idan kun shuka furanni kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da fara shuka na farko ba, to lokacin da ya dace don shuka shine ƙarshen bazara. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin gadaje a cikin ramuka mara zurfi, kuma lokacin da fure suka sami ƙarfi kuma suka ba ganye na uku, ana dasa su cikin gadon filawa.
Dokokin Kare Hankali
Yankunan haske da ƙasa mai bushe sun dace da wannan shuka. Furen ba ya yin tushe sosai a cikin ƙasa, an cika shi da danshi. Ilasa kafin dasa shuki ana hadi da mixturean ma'adinai. Yawan taro shine yakamata ya zama ƙasa - ba fiye da gram 40 a lita 1 na ruwa ba. Hakanan, an hadu da ƙasa tare da ash. Nisa tsakanin seedlings ya zama akalla 20 cm.
Siffofin kulawa da gaillardia
Kula da irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba mai wahala bane.
Nasihun Kulawa
Don samun ƙoshin lafiya, kiyaye simplean ka'idoji masu sauƙi:
- Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai don ciyar da gailardia.
- Isasar tana haɗuwa sau uku a lokacin kakar: a farkon farkon fure, a tsakiyar bazara da kuma bayan shuka tsiro.
- A kai a kai sassauta da sako gadon filawa. Ana shayar da ruwa kaɗan kuma kawai a cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushe, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe.
- Babban maki na perennial bukatar garter.
Manyan miya
Ana amfani da gwanayen ma'adinai irin su tashar motar Kemira don ciyar da tsirrai. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Compost da humus azaman takin zamani.
Babban mulkin shi ne cewa takin zamani bai kamata ya kara yawan acidity na kasar ba. Yin amfani da taki zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka da mutuwar shuka.
Gaillardia bayan fure
Gailardia yana fure har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. A watan Oktoba, ana iya samun tsaba daga abubuwan da ba a cire su ba.
Ta yaya kuma yaushe za'a tattara tsaba gailardia
Don tattara tsaba, furanni a cikin bazara suna ɗaure tare da madaidaicin tsinkayen tsinkaye - wannan yana hana faɗuwar tsaba da ba'a so. A karkashin nunawa, ana barin inflorescences har zuwa farkon kaka, sannan kuma a girbe su. Irin da ya mutu a cikin ƙasa kuma zai iya tserewa tare da farkon bazara, yawancin lambu ba su yin girbi na girbi.
Hanyar zuriya ta yaduwar gaillardia ba ta shahara ba. Tsire-tsire masu girma ta wannan hanyar zasu bambanta da mahaifiyar kuma bazai cika ka'idodi iri iri ba. Don adana bayyanar inflorescences, ana shuka nau'in perennial ta amfani da hanyar daji.
Perennial gailardia a cikin hunturu
A cikin shekarar farko kafin fara sanyi, an datse furanni zuwa matakin kasa. Sannan an rufe su da wani yanki na busasshen ganye, allura ko sauran rufin halitta.
Arin shirye-shiryen a cikin hunturu baya buƙatar ƙarin matakan - fure masu nasara cikin nasara, suna iya jure sanyi. Tsarin za a buƙaci kawai a cikin yanayin lokacin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi.
Gaillardia yaduwa
Perennial iri suna yaduwa ta hanyar daji. Bushan daji mai ƙarfi da lafiya, yana girma a wuri guda tsawon shekaru biyar, an haƙa shi kuma ya kasu kashi biyu ko uku. Kowane ɗayan hanyoyin ya kamata ya kasance mai ƙarfi, tare da ganye mai ƙarfi, zai iya yin tushe a cikin sabon lambu. Rashin rabo yana gudana ne a ƙarshen kakar, lokacin da shuka ya lalace gaba ɗaya. Dukkan sassa an dasa su akan sabbin gadajen fure.
Tushen tushen haifuwa kuma yana yiwuwa. An yanke manyan Tushen tsire-tsire masu lafiya a cikin guda 5 cm tsayi, sannan a dasa a cikin greenhouse.
Kwari Gailardia da cututtuka
Babban dalilin cutar shine tsarin ban ruwa mara kyau da ƙasa mai laushi. Ganyen wadannan furanni suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka irin su:
- launin toka rot;
- tsatsa
- powdery mildew;
- masu rashes rashes.
Irin waɗannan cututtukan suna lalacewa ta hanyar fungi. A cikin farkon matakan, ana iya warke tsire-tsire tare da taimakon fungicides (Fundazole, Skor). Idan yankin rauni ya kasance babba, ana bada shawara a tono da ƙona fure mai ƙoshin lafiya don hana yaduwar naman gwari a duk gadon filawa. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ana kula da furanni masu lafiya tare da maganin potassium permanganate.
Kwayoyin kwari mafi yawan lokuta suna lalata amfanin gona aphids da fari. A kansu, lura da gadaje na fure tare da kashe kwari (Aktara, Actellik) zai taimaka.
