Monarda (Monarda, bergamot lambu) nasa ne a gidan Iasnatkovye. Yana zaune a S. America. An sanya masa suna ne bayan N. Monardes, wanda ya buga a cikin 1574 wani sanannen littafin kimiyya wanda yake bayyana sabbin wakilan kwalliyar flora da aka samu a kasar nan. Tsarin halittar ya hada da nau'ikan 22. Hakanan, fure yana da suna na biyu, wanda kowa ya sani - bergamot. An girma shi azaman amfanin gona a Rasha. Ana amfani dasu cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, da sauran hanyoyin magani, kayan kwalliya, don shirye-shiryen jita-jita da abin sha.
Bayani da fasali na monarda
Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire masu girma zuwa 1.5 m. Yana da madaidaiciya, tarko mai kyau. Leafy faranti tare da nuna gefuna, oblong-lanceolate, greenish tint.
Furanni masu ƙananan ƙananan, tubular-funnel mai siffa. Located on guda burge inflorescence ko da yawa. A cikin da'irar ya kai cm cm 5.
Monarda sau biyu, lemun tsami, matasan da duad: bayanin a tebur da hoto
Iri iri iri da ake nomawa a Rasha:
| Take | Bayanin |
| Sau biyu | Shekaru mafi tsayi zuwa 0.7-1.5 m. A mai tushe ne m. Ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne, tare da tsarin jan veins. Tafukai tare da ƙarshen ƙoshin, tari mai tsayi a ciki. Inflorescences duhu ruwan hoda ko shunayya. A wata na fari na bazara, kimanin furanni 30 suka bayyana a kansu, suna ƙara yin ƙanshi mai daɗi. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri a cikin buƙata a tsakanin gida flower growers. |
| Ductuate (tubular) | Perennials har zuwa 1.1 m suna da tushen tushen bakin ciki na kusan girman. A shekara ta biyu ta bazara, dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko duhu mai launin shuɗi fara farawa akan inflorescences, ƙanshi mai daɗin kamshi mai ƙanshi-orange. Kalar zuma. Amfani da shi azaman magani don taimako na yanayin cututtukan. Hakanan, ana sanya kayan yaji daga gare ta, an kara wa kayan kwalliya na kulawa. |
| Lemun tsami | Perennial har zuwa 15-80 cm tare da foliage Emerald. A inflorescences ne violet, exude wani Citrus ƙanshi. Ana iya lura da yawo a duk lokacin bazara. |
| Damuwa | Wannan ya hada da samfuran da aka samo ta hanyar tsallake nau'in jinsunan da aka bayyana a baya. |
Shahararrun nau'ikan
| Take | Bayanin | Furanni |
| Mahogany | Matsakaici a cikin girma. Yana fitar da daɗin ƙamshin da aka furta. | Burgundy, petals ya juya a ƙarshen. Flow yana faruwa a farkon watan Yuni. |
| Adamu | Girman karami. Yana girma da kyau duka biyu a cikin rana da kuma inuwa m. | Babban, Scarlet. |
| Ftwararrun Croftway | Yana tasowa da kyau a cikin inuwa. | Lilac-ruwan hoda. |
| Snow fari | Tall amma m. | Snow-fari. |
| Panorama | Don adana launuka iri-iri na ganye, ya fi dacewa iri iri. | Pink, ruwan Lilac mai duhu, rasberi, fari, ja, shuɗi. |
| Scarlett | Har zuwa 0.9 m. | Pinkish, ja mai haske, shunayya. Blossom a cikin shekaru biyu na bazara. |
| Elsiz Lavander | Har zuwa mita. | M, lavender ya nuna. |
| Kwallan Kwallan Wuta | Har zuwa 40 cm, tare da lokacin farin ciki mai tushe. | Lush, zagaye, sautin ringi. |
| Schnivithhen | Har zuwa 1.5 m. | Spherical, fari. |
| Lambada | Bishiyar da aka dasa har zuwa 90 cm. | Pink ko violet. Yi farin ciki da warin lemo. |
| Haske | Branarewa da katako mai ƙarfi tare da madaidaiciya harbe. | M-shuɗi, tattara a inflorescences-kwanduna. |
| Snowmaden | Matsakaici a cikin girman, mai launin kore a launi, tare da madaidaiciya, mai tsayi mai tushe. | Daidai dusar ƙanƙara-fari. Petals ne rare, dasa a nesa mai nisa. |
| Uwargida Perry | Har zuwa mita. | Manyan, ruwan hoda mai zurfi. |
| Sarauniya tashi | Har zuwa 88 cm. | Pink, fure a watan Yuli-Agusta. |
Girma monarda daga tsaba a gida
A cikin yankuna masu yanayin dumin yanayi (alal misali, a kudu na Russia) a cikin watannin hunturu na ƙarshe, lokacin da yanayi ya bayyana sarai, ana sanya tsaba nan da nan a cikin ƙasa a gonar:
- Idan dusar ƙanƙara ba ta sauko ba, ka share yankin daga dusar kankara.
- Rufe ƙasa da tsare don sa duniya ta yi ɗumi.
- Sassauya ƙasa ta amfani da yashi.
- Graara hatsi yashi a cikin tsaba (1 zuwa 4).
- Mai zurfi ta 25 mm.
- Yayyafa da yashi.
Har Afrilu, da tsaba za a stratified da sanyi. A tsakiyar bazara, zaku iya ganin farkon harbe. Hakanan ana yin shuka ne yayin kaka, bayan tattara iri. Amma sai yan tsiran suka girma a hankali.
Ana iya shuka iri don shuka a cikin kwantena. Wannan ne yake aikata a cikin rabin rabin hunturu, wanda ya sa harbe ya yi karfi kafin lokacin ciyayi:
- Zuba ruwan cakuda a cikin tukwane.
- Deepen dasa kayan ta 20-30 mm.
- Saita a zazzabi na +20 ° C.
- Ana iya ganin tumatir bayan makonni 3.
- Bayan kwana 20, dashi 3 * 3, 4 * 4.
Dasa monarda a buɗe ƙasa
Kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri mai kyau tare da haske mai kyau, an kare shi daga raƙuman iska mai sanyi. Koyaya, monarda yana girma sosai lokacin da aka rufe. Babu wasu buƙatu na musamman don ƙasa, amma don mafi kyawun haɓaka yana da kyau a zaɓi ƙasa mai iska tare da kasancewar lemun tsami. Lambun bisgamot ba zai yi girma sosai ba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da babban pH.
A cikin kaka, wajibi ne don shirya shafin:
- Tona sama, share da ciyawa.
- A kowace sq. m ƙara 2-3 kilogiram na peat da taki, 40-50 g na phosphorus, 20-30 g na gishiri mai narkewa mai sauƙi, 40 g lemun tsami.
Saukowa a cikin bazara:
- 20ara 20-30 g na cakuda-wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen a kowace murabba'in mita. m
- Shuka tayi da nau'i biyu na ganye na gaskiya a nesa na 60 cm.
- Ruwa mai yalwa.
Babban fasalin shine yanayin hunturu (-25 ° C). Idan zafin jiki yayi ƙasa, suna buƙatar rufe su da polyethylene don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse. Za'a iya lura da yawo bayan shekara guda. Wasu nau'ikan suna iya ƙirƙirar buds a cikin kakar tare da kyakkyawan kulawa.
Kulawar Monarda
Bergamot ba shi da ma'ana a cikin abun ciki. Dasa kuma kula da shi a cikin ƙasa mai yiwuwa ne ga ko da ɗan lambu mai ƙwarewa. A cikin lokacin girma, ya isa a riƙa ruwa a kai a kai kuma a shafa takin mai ɗauke da nitrogen don saurin girma sau ɗaya a kowace ranakun 10-14.
A cikin kaka ya zama dole don ciyar da potassium da phosphorus-hade da gaurayawan aiki na dogon aiki. Dole ne a sanya m granules a gindi, a lokacin ban ruwa za su narke a hankali. A lokacin bazara, za a sami tarin abinci mai yawa. Monarda zai fara ci gaba mai aiki kuma ya ba da yawan fure. A cikin kaka, an bada shawara a datsa sassan m don kada harbe su daskare.
Cutar da kwari
Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙarfi da lafiya, yana tsayayya da nau'ikan raunuka. A cikin lokuta mafi wuya, tare da kulawa mara kyau, daji zai iya shafar waɗannan cututtuka:
| Cutar | Dalili | Alamu | Matakan magancewa |
| Powdery mildew | Karin kwari: aphids, thrips, sikelin kwari, fararen fata, mealybugs. Kasancewar spores cikin ruwa domin ban ruwa. Yada daga samfuran kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar iska yayin saduwa da mutane. Babban zafi 60-65%. Wuce hadarin nitrogen. Rufe ciyawar daji. | Powdery spots a kan m bangare, emitting ruwa mai kama da dew. Tsaya a ci gaba. Farkon faɗakarwar dabbobi. | Tsaya takin tare da nitrogen, maye gurbin su da phosphorus, potassium. Bi da tare da ruwa Bordeaux 1%, shirye-shiryen Aletta ko Acrobat. |
| Tsatsa | Kamuwa da cuta da tarkace na shuka. Jirgin saman iska daga busheshen da aka shafa. | Samuwar jan pustules akan ganye. Lokacin da suka fasa, ana ganin foda mai zaki. Haɓaka dakatarwa. Yellowing da fari na ganye na ganye. | Ka rusa ganye da sauran sassan da suka mutu a wajen. Sako sako. Bi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta colloidal tare da fungicides Abiga Peak, Cumulus, Poliram, Strobi. |
Monarda: kaddarorin magani da contraindications
Bergamot ya sami aikace-aikacen a madadin magani, kamar yadda duk abubuwan haɗin suna ɗauke da bitamin B1, B2, C, mai mai mahimmanci da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Fitar yana da maganin antiseptik, antioxidant, sakamako na antianemic. Yana kwantar da hankula kuma yana taimaka wa warkar da raunin da sauri, yana inganta gyaran nama.
Warkar da kaddarorin shuka:
- yana cire filaye daga magudanar jini;
- yana sauƙaƙa da yanayin cututtukan numfashi;
- inganta yanayin tare da cututtukan radiation;
- yana karfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki;
- yana da tasirin tallafi akan jiki bayan ilimin cutar sankara.
Ya taimaka tare da:
- kumburi bango na mafitsara;
- matsaloli tare da gastrointestinal fili;
- ciwon kai;
- cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta baka.
- ƙusa da ƙurar ƙafa;
- Tsarin kumburi a cikin huhu.
Cutar ta samo aikace-aikace a cikin kayan kwalliya. Shine ɓangare na abubuwanda keɓaɓɓe na mayuka don balagagge, matsala, fata mai laushi.
Ana ƙara ganye a cikin jita-jita da abin sha. Yayi kyau tare da kifi da kowane kayan lambu. Yana da lafiya, da daɗi da kuma gina jiki.
Ya na contraindications:
- shekaru har zuwa shekaru 5;
- tsawon lokacin haihuwa.
- shayarwa;
- rashin lafiyan dauki.
Kafin amfani da hanyoyin jama'a, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi ƙwararren masani. Magungunan kai na iya ba da sakamakon da ake so ko ma cutar da cutar. Idan likita ya yarda da wata dabara mara izini, za a iya amfani da monard a matsayin wani ɓangare na maganin wahalar ƙwayar cuta, yana lura da yanayin. Bergamot kawai zai iya sauƙaƙe hanyar yanayin cutar, dakatar da bayyanar cututtuka, kuma ba sauƙaƙa sanadin abin da ya faru ba, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci a lura da kowace cuta.
