Girman ja currant ƙaunataccen Bred kwanan nan, amma ya rigaya ya gudanar da damun zukatan mutane da dama ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa, ba tare da buƙatar matsaloli na musamman ba, yana nuna da girbi mai kyau, amma mai dadi da kyau.
Dabbobi iri-iri Mai ƙaunataccen
Red currant "ƙaunataccen" bayanin. Ƙananan kiɗa na currants, sunyi rataye da duhu, kamar inganci na ɓaure na berries, kamar misalin wakilin nau'in.
Harbe Yana da madaidaiciya da kuma lokacin farin ciki tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi, matasa suna da launi mai laushi, kuma masu lalata suna launin toka.
Bar wannan nau'i-nau'i yana kama da "mintina biyar" mai tsabta - mai tsabta mai tsabta, ba tare da haɗuwa da ƙananan hakora a kan gefen. Ƙananan furanni Ana ƙaunata ƙaunatacciyar sati a farkon mako na watan Mayu kuma zai kasance har zuwa tsakiyar watan, suna kama da masu launin rawaya mai launin rawaya-kore.
A berries - ja tare da ratsi mai duhu, mai taushi da m, kamar girman, an dauke su kusan mafi kyau. Ba abin mamaki ba ne da abincin su - 4.8 daga cikin 5. Abin sha'awa a cikin su, ba shakka, yana nan.
Yawancin Berry yana auna nauyin 0.6-0.8, akwai 'yan tsaba a cikin fata na fata. Rataye a kan rassan, ba a tsage ba tare da rasa dandano, da berries zai iya zama quite tsawo. Kuma riƙe mai kyau bayyanar ko da tare da dogon tafiya.
Wadannan berries, masu kyau a dandano, suna kamar idan aka halitta don yin jam daga gare su. Ya zama mai girma, musamman a hade tare da rassan 'ya'yan itace: Aboki na al'ummar, Yellow Sugar, Medunitsa, Orlinka, Zinaren Sinanci, Mai Girma, da Hero na Rana.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Matsayi ƙaunataccen Bred a cikin ƙarshen 1980s a Belarus a Cibiyar samar da Fruit na Jamhuriyar Republican Academy of Sciences.
Marubucin na iri-iri ne sanannun lambun, Masanin Kimiyya na Halitta Anatoly Grigorievich Voluznev ya kira abokinsa "ƙaunataccena" ba tare da haɗari ba - inji ya zama kyakkyawa mai kyau, idon baza a iya cire shi daga cikin duhu mai launi ba, ya yayyafa shi da rubin berries.
Hanyoyi uku sun zama iyayen wannan currant - Cherry, Wonder and Dutch Red. Dukansu sun ba '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' halayensu mafi kyau
Cherry - high yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma gabatar da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, M - manyan kuma mai dadi berries, da kuma Yaren mutanen Holland ja - Hardening hunturu da kuma mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa.
A shekara ta 1991, an shigar da Un-fair a cikin Jihar Register of Varieties of Belarus, kuma a shekara ta 2006 an yarda da shi a noma a Rasha.
Sakamakon red currant irin su jam, Natali, Andreichenko an samu nasara a cikin wadannan yankuna. Da baki currant iri: Gulliver, Gross, Belarusian zaki, Bagheera da Summer House.
Halaye
Matsayi ƙaunataccen Ya bambanta a cikin yawan samuwa. Young bushes ba kadan fiye da 3 kilogiram na berries. Tare da balagagge, tare da kulawa mai kyau, suna cire 10-12 kg. Ya bambanta Late a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli.
Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin da ya fi muhimmanci daga wannan iri-iri shine kai haihuwa (60%). Wannan yana nufin cewa don samar da ovaries, bazai buƙatar yin watsi da giciye, kuma ba ya dogara ne akan yanayin da kuma ƙwayoyin kwari - mai yawan gaske yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma tabbas.
Frost juriya Ƙaunatacciyar ƙaƙƙarfar ita ce wasu lokuta akwai tsauraran matsala a tsakiyar Rasha ba tare da hasara ba saboda rashin hasara.
Berry ƙaunataccen sun ƙunshi daga 6 zuwa 12% na sugars, mai yawa Organic acid, tannins da pectin abubuwa, wani adadi na musamman na bitamin C - 30.2 MG / 100 g, mai yawa ma'adinai salts da carotene. Wannan abun da ke ciki yana nuna kyakkyawan dandano. Fresh currants na wannan iri-iri ne mai kyau kayan zaki, amma kuma dace da jam, kuma ba ya bukatar mai yawa sukari su kashe sourness.
Kuna iya samun dadi da kuma warkar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga berries na ƙaunataccen, wanda yana da sakamako mai tsaftacewa - zai ba kawai inganta karfin ba, amma kuma taimakawa cire salts acid salts.
Kuma har yanzu ruwan hotunan currant mai kyau ne mai kyau diaphoretic, tare da sanyi ya taimaka ba mafi muni fiye da zuma ko rasberi jam.
Hotuna
Dasa da kulawa
- Ƙasa Grade ƙaunataccen ke tsiro mafi kyau a kan dan kadan acid loamy da-drained kasa enriched tare da na gina jiki. Kusa (50-60 cm) yin ruwa a cikin ruwa yana da illa, a cikin wannan yanayin ana dasa shutsiyoyi a kan karamin tudu.
- Haske. Ta na son haske, ana iya dasa ta a wuraren bude - za ta ci nasara a can.
- Ƙauye Red "curiosity" tare da gooseberries, da kuma "kishi" na dan uwan - black currants. Duk sauran maƙwabtan da ke kusa da gonar ba su dame ta ba. Tushen Ƙaunatacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan zurfi ne fiye da waɗanda suke da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, amma hakan ya fi na bishiyar bishiyoyi - don haka babu gasar.
Ana shirya don saukowa. Shuka ja currants bukatar a farkon kaka.Shekaru biyu kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a sanya seedling a cikin ruwa, zai fi dacewa enriched "Kornevinom" - to, matasan na sauri suna samar da sababbin asali.
Ya kamata a cire matsurarru ko rushewa daga asali daga seedling.
Ramin ga ƙaunataccen bukatu yana bukatar zurfin ba kasa da 60 cm ba kuma girman girman 50 × 50 cm Red currant yana da tsawo, yana da girma a wannan wuri na shekaru 20, sannan 25.
Saboda haka, an sanya kayan hade da kayan ma'adinai a cikin rami: yankakken rassan ko kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya kamata a zubar a kasa, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa, ya fadi, kuma ya kara da launi ko dolomite daga sama.
Idan babu alli, mai tsabta ash daga kuka yana da kyau - gilashi lita na iya isa. Har ila yau akwai buƙatar yin nama guda ɗaya na taki da ke dauke da potassium, amma ba tare da chlorine ba.
Red currant bai jure wa gaban chlorine ba. Lokacin zabar taki don shi, ba da fifiko ga potassium sulfate. Kada ku yi lemun tsami a gona inda yake girma - yana da daraja kadan, kuma shuka zai sha wahala daga chlorosis.
A cikin rijiyar da aka cika sosai, ƙara takin gargajiya kuma karamin dukkanin yadudduka ta hanyar zuba ruwa akan su.
Ana shirya don saukowa. Shuka ja currants bukatar a farkon kaka.Saukowa
A tsakiyar rami da aka shirya suna yin tudu kuma, suna daidaita tushensu, suna shirya seedling a cikinta.
Shuka tsire-tsire dole ne a ci gaba da shuka - da ƙananan ƙananan buds a kan mai tushe ya kamata a boye a cikin ƙasa, kuma uku ko hudu babba - hagu sama da ƙasa.
Yayyafa sapling ƙasa riƙi daga cikin rami. Idan yana da yawa, ƙara yashi. Ba lallai ba ne a yarda da tattake kasar gona a kusa da seedling, amma watering shi domin ƙasa iya tsayawa ga tushen wajibi ne. Idan tushen sun kasance a lokacin ban ruwa, ƙara ƙasa da ruwa ba su ƙara ba.
A lokacin da dasa shuki da yawa bushes bukatar barin tsakanin su akalla 1.5-2 mita. Ko da yake ba mai ƙaunataccen ƙaunatacciya ba, tushen yana buƙatar wuri, kuma ƙananan suna buƙatar haske.
Pruning
A lokacin da dasa shuki harbe seedling yanke m gajeren.
Ya isa barin 'ya'ya uku ko hudu a saman ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma ta wurin bazara daga cikinsu za su ci gaba da rassan rassan ƙarfin. Kuma daga waɗannan buds da aka binne a ƙasa, zasu tafi Basal harbe.
Bayan yin yanki a kusa da sapling, kana buƙatar zafi a ƙasa tare da tsawo na 10-12 cm A cikin bazara, daji ya kakkarya kuma ba a kwashe shi ba. A lokacin rani, rassansa za su yi girma, kuma a lokacin rani, lokacin da hawan ke nan shekara ce, dukansu suna bukatar a rage su ta hanyar kwata na tsawon.
A cikin bazara na shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, ana shuka bishiyoyi - uku ko hudu da karfi, yadda aka zaba tsirrai da aka zaba, kuma masu rauni suna yanke ƙasa, ba su da tsalle.
A nan gaba, ana maimaita pruning a kowace shekara, bin wannan hanya. Bayan shekaru biyar, dogayen rassan rassan mahimmanci zasu kasance a cikin daji.
Branches na shekaru 3-5 suna kawo girbi mafi girma.
Top dressing
Red currant yana da ladabi ga ƙwayar ƙasa, amma yana son takin yawa sosai - bayan haka, yana da saurin sau biyu kamar yadda baƙi ne. Abin da aka kawo a cikin rami kafin dasa shuki zai wuce tsawon shekaru 2-3 na daji, sannan kuma ya kamata a ciyar da ita. A watan Maris-Afrilu, ƙaunatattuna, yana da kyau a "bi da" urea - daya daji na 20-25 g.
A watan Mayu, lokacin da currant blooms, an shayar da wani bayani na mullein (1 lita na ruwa da 100 g na taki). Idan kana so ka karu yawan amfanin ƙasa ta 20-30%, toka da currant daji tare da bayani na boric acid - akan guga na ruwa - 1.5-2 g. The ovaries zai zama babba, kuma manyan berries za a daura. Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi da yamma a ranar bushe.
Red currant Yana son ciyayi - wato, tanadin ƙasa a kan abubuwa da ke cika kayan samar da kayan abinci. Kamar yadda cike da shi, zaka iya ɗaukar humus, takin, peat, ko kawai phosphate-potassium da takin mai magani. A tsawo na mulch Layer ne 10-15 cm.
Watering
Yawancin lokaci ƙarin watering Ƙaunataccen ba a buƙata ba. Amma idan a watan Yuni, lokacin da aka zuba berries, yana da kyau bushewa, ya kamata a shayar daji. Haka kuma yake a watan Oktoba - idan kaka ya bushe, ya zuba currant.
Ruwa a cikin waɗannan lokuta, akwai buƙatar mai yawa - 3-5 buckets karkashin kowane daji. Da farko, kawai kuyi ƙasa a kusa da daji, sa'an nan kuma ku zuba sauran - don haka ruwa yana shafe cikin ƙasa kuma yana zuwa zurfin tushen. Kana buƙatar ruwa a maraice.
Cututtuka da kwari
Matsayi ƙaunataccen resistant zuwa iri-iri cututtukan cututtuka da kwari. Bazai buga Amurka powdery mildew (spherotek), anthracnose, toho mite. Cututtuka na funga bazai haifar da mummunan cutar ga wannan currant ba. Amma akwai abokan gaba.
Gust gust - da ci gaba da aka ciyar da damp spring, lowland matsayi na currant bushes, musamman idan tafki overgrown da sedge ne kusa.A naman kaza yana rayuwa ne a kan shi - tushen wannan kamuwa da cuta.
Alamomin waje: a farkon kwanakin bazara, a gefen ɓangaren ganye, harbe, ƙananan ovaries, manyan ƙananan rawaya sun kafa - fresl spores.
Ba da da ewa ba za su canza siffar su zama kamar tabarau ba. An sanya ganye da berries da sauri, saboda haka yana da wuya a gano cutar a karo na biyu na rani. Tare da nasara mai ƙarfi, zaka iya rasa rabi amfanin gona.
- Abin da za a yi:
- Fesa Bordeaux ruwa sau uku (100 g na lemun tsami + daidai adadin jan karfe sulfate da lita 10 na ruwa). A karo na farko - a lokacin blooming na foliage, na biyu - tare da bayyanar buds, na uku - nan da nan bayan flowering.
- Idan akwai wuri mai kusa, ya kamata a lalata ya ƙone ko dai a ƙarshen kaka ko a farkon lokacin bazara.
Septoria - an kuma kira shi tarar fata.Alamun waje: a farkon lokacin rani, ganye suna yadu da kananan ƙura - launin ruwan kasa tare da iyakoki.
Sai suka juya fari da dullin baki suna bayyana a tsakiyar zangon. A ganye bushe da crumble.
Abin da za a yi:
- Kafin bayyanar furanni da bayan girbi, bi da daji tare da cakuda Bordeaux ko "nazarin halittun" "Zircon", "Fitosporin".
- A cikin kaka don tarawa da ƙone ƙwayoyin cuta marasa lafiya - kwari suna cike da hunturu a kai.
Gust gust - da ci gaba da aka ciyar da damp spring, lowland matsayi na currant bushes, musamman idan tafki overgrown da sedge ne kusa.
Septoria - an kuma kira shi tarar fata.Amma ga cututtuka da yawa na amfanin gona na horticultural, za ka iya karantawa game dasu daki-daki a cikin shafukan yanar gizon mu: anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis, rubella, ciwon daji na kwayan cuta, //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, tsatsa .
Irin zamani na ja currant, wanda ya hada da Ƙaunataccen, kwatanta da kyau da waɗanda aka san dadewa - dukansu saboda ba su jin tsoron sanyi, kuma saboda sun kasance masu tsayayya ga kwari, da kuma daɗin ban sha'awa na berries, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan sukari fiye da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu baƙar fata.
