Gabaɗaya, albasa girma don kwararan fitila ba ya haifar da matsaloli, amma don cimma wata babbar amfanin gona - har zuwa 300-400 g - aikin ya rigaya ya fi wahala. Wajibi ne a bi wasu ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona. Daga labarin za ku koya wane kayan dasa shine mafi kyawun amfani da yadda ake kulawa da shuki.
Daban-daban ire-irensu
Gidan albasa yana da nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta dandano, bayyanar, yanayin girma, kulawa da rayuwar shiryayye:
- ja - zaka iya cin ɗanye, saboda haushi da ƙanshi ba haka aka furta ba;
- albasa mai zaki - wanda aka yi amfani dashi musamman don soya;
- farar fata - yana da dandano mai kaifi, crispy;
- albasa mai rawaya shine mafi yawan abubuwan da aka fi so a yawancin jita-jita.
A daidai da halayen dandano, dukkan nau'ikan albasa galibi ana rarrabasu ne zuwa kashi uku
- kaifi - low-samar da gwaggwabar riba da farkon ripening iri;
- sashin ƙasa mai lanƙwasa - yawan amfanin ƙasa, rayuwar shiryayye - matsakaici;
- mai daɗi - ana bambanta shi da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Varietiesanyannun ƙamshi mai laushi sune mafi yawan gama gari, saboda suna da kyau da kuma adana su tsawon lokaci. Distinwararren fasalin shine yadudduka launin rawaya masu yawa. Mafi kyawun su shine Chalcedony, Bessonovsky, Bamberger, Centurion, Stuttgarterrizen.
Albasa iri-iri mai daɗin daidai da mai kaifi suna da ɗanɗano mai laushi tare da ɗanɗano kaɗan, ƙanshin ba shi da ma'ana, saboda haka ana ƙara daɗaɗa zuwa salads. Ana ba da shawarar nau'ikan albasa mai laushi ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, saboda yana daidaita matakin sukari a cikin jiki.
Mafi kyawun: Agostana, Albion, Belyanka, Red Baron, Carmen, Veselka, Yalta.
Girman kwan fitila a kan iri-iri
Albasa suna cikin tsire-tsire na tsawon awoyi na hasken rana, don haka idan babu isasshen haske, kwararan fitila zasu kasance ƙanana. Siffar albasa a cikin ikon su na jure canje-canje a yanayin damuna sama da isasshen haske.
Onionsarin albasarta, da aka gama a yankuna na kudanci, suna buƙatar hasken rana akalla aƙalla 15. A wannan yanayin ne kwan fitila ya sami matsakaicin nauyi a cikin lokacin da aka raba. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, irin wannan nau'in basu da lokaci don yin ripen, bi da bi, kwararan fitila sun kasance ƙanana.
A akasin wannan, nau'ikan da suka dace da yankuna na arewacin, wanda aka dasa a kudu, haɓaka babban gashin tsuntsu, amma kada ku samar da kwan fitila.
Dokoki don albasa girma
Duk da gaskiyar cewa albasarta sune tsire-tsire marasa fassara kuma suna girma cikin sauƙi, wasu bukatun agrotechnical ya kamata a la'akari. Da farko dai, albasa ba su da tsarin tushe, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.
Yarjejeniyar Lambu
Albasa na kowane iri ne shawarar da za a yi girma bayan shuke-shuke da cewa sami isa adadin takin gargajiya:
- cucumbers
- dankali;
- farin kabeji;
- leda;
- gefera.
Masu tsaka tsaki sun hada da:
- marigayi kabeji;
- beets:
- Tumatir
Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka albasa ba a yankin bayan karas da ganye.
Amma ga unguwa, mafi yawan nasara sune: radishes, barkono, karas, tumatir. A wannan yanayin, ana kiyaye albasa daga cututtuka da kwari.
Kasar bukatun
Albasa amfanin gona suna mai saukin kamuwa da ruwan acid; bai kamata ya wuce raka'a 6.5 ba. Idan acidity ya fi abin da aka yarda da shi, ana iya kera shi tare da cakuda lemun tsami da katako na ash 300 g a 1 m2 ko gari dolomite 200 g a 1 m2. Bayan rage acidity zuwa matakin da ake so, ana iya shuka albasa a shafin sai bayan aan shekaru.
An hana yin amfani da daskararren ciyayi (yana da lahani ga matasa tsirrai), ya fi kyau takin wurin a cikin kaka a cikin kilogiram na 2 of ripened humus da 1 m2. Don kuma daidaita kasar gona da abubuwa masu amfani, ana amfani da sinadarin phosphorus, nitrogen da potassium. Idan peat ƙasa ta mamaye yankin, babu buƙatar ciyar da nitrogen.
Muhalli
Kuna iya shuka ko shuka albasa a farkon bazara, lokacin da iska ta yi zafi har zuwa +5 ° C, yayin da yanki mai ƙasa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki ya kamata ya dumama zuwa +10 ° C. A zazzabi na -3 ° C, albasa ta ci gaba da girma, kuma kwararan fitila sun yi girma, mutuwar plantsan tsirrai na faruwa ne lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka zuwa -5 ° C.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki don albasa shine +20 ° C. Idan kun lura da tsarin ruwa kuma ku bi shawarwarin dangane da zazzabi, ana iya ganin shukar a cikin kwanaki 10-12.
Girma albasa daga sevka
Hanyar aikin gona na albasa daga tsirar sevka shine cika wasu ka'idoji.
Kasar
An shirya wurin kafin lokacin, watau a lokacin bazara. Ana gina gadaje sama (yana da muhimmanci a juya duniya), yi humus bisa ga tsarin da ke sama. Idan ya zama dole don wadatar da ƙasa, an ƙara superphosphate, urea ko potassium sulfate.
A cikin bazara, an haɗo takaddun tare da nitroammophos, kuma gadaje ana kwance a kai a kai. Albasa ba a dasa a cikin lambu ba fiye da shekaru uku a jere.
Dasa kayan
A cikin bazara, albasarta da aka shirya don dasa suna bushe na makonni biyu, sannan an ware. Albasa, ingantacce don dasa, cm 2 cm ne .. .aramin, 1.5 cm (oatmeal), ana amfani dashi don dasa shuki. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana shuka su a cikin lambu a ƙarshen kaka, kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin - a cikin kaka a cikin kore. Don samun gashin gashin tsuntsu, ana amfani da kawunan diamita mafi girma.
Kafin dasawa, ya zama dole don sake nazarin kayan dasa, raba shi ta hanyar cire kwararan fitila waɗanda aka bushe da kamuwa.
Nan da nan kafin shuka, yana da mahimmanci don lalata albasa, ana amfani da fungicides ko kuma maganin maganin manganese. Ana kula da dasa shuki tare da sabon bayani na tsawon awanni 1.5 sannan a bushe har tsawon sati uku.
Saukowa
Ana saukowa ƙasa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- masu zaman kansu
- tef biyu.
Hanyar mafi sauki tana cikin layuka.
Tsawon layi ɗaya shine 45 cm, nisa tsakanin kwararan fitila kusa da cm 8. Wata dabara - tef - ya fi rikitarwa, amma kuma mai albarka. Tsarin shine 20/50 cm, tsakanin kwararan fitila kuna buƙatar kula da nesa na 8 cm.
Zurfin saiti a cikin ƙasa ya dogara da girman kwan fitila. Enougharamin isa ya zurfafa 3 cm, babba - cm 5. Idan ƙasa a kan gado ta bushe, lokacin shayar da ruwa ana shayar da shi.
Otsan ganye suna bayyana bayan kwana goma, ya kamata a cire ciyawa akai-akai, kuma kada a bar ɓoye na ƙasa ya bayyana a farfajiya. Tushewa baya buƙatar kwararan fitila.
Watering, saman miya, namo
Kulawa da albasarta da aka shuka shima yana buƙatar yarda da fasaha na aikin gona.
Yanayin ruwa
Girma manyan kwararan fitila suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, da farko, wannan ya shafi watan farko. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta bushewa. A bisa ga al'ada, ana shayar da gadaje mako-mako, amma tare da fari mai tsananin gaske, adadin yawan ruwa yana ninka.
A kasar gona ya kamata a cike da danshi zuwa zurfin akalla 10 cm, kuma kamar yadda kwararan fitila girma zuwa 25 cm. Loosely dasa gadaje bayan kowace watering. Kwanaki 30 kafin girbi, albasa ta daina shayarwa, duk da haka, an ƙara yawan narkar da 'yantar da ɓangaren bulbulen.
Manyan miya
Ana amfani da takin ƙasa gwargwadon takaddara:
- makonni biyu bayan dasawa, ana amfani da maganin urea, ana amfani da nitrofoski, to dole ne a cire ragowar taki tare da gashin furen albasa;
- bayan 'yan makonni, ya dace a yi amfani da kayan miya na sutturu-potassium (ƙara 15 g na potassium gishiri, 30 g na superphosphate zuwa guga na ruwa mai tsabta);
- an sanya riguna na gaba na gaba kamar yadda ya cancanta, kayan abinci iri daya ne.
Yanawa
Albasa shine tsire-tsire marasa fassara, amma yana kula da yanayin ƙasa. Dangane da haka, an kwance gadaje a hankali kuma a kai a kai, kullun da hannu, in ba haka ba ana iya lalata tsarin tushe, ya kasance a zurfin 10 zuwa 30 cm.
Hanya
Edsayoyi ba sa barin albasa ta haɓaka cikakke, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don cire tsire-tsire wuce haddi a cikin lokaci mai dacewa.
Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, albasa suna iya saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, wato, rot, mildew powdery. Amma ga kwari, kwararan fitila sun lalace ta thrips, albasa kwari.
A mafi ƙarancin alamar rashin lafiya, ana ɗaukar matakan nan da nan. Bayyanar cututtuka - gashinsa suna canza launi, wither da curl. Chemicals ba sa amfani, yana da kyau a sayi magungunan kashe kwari da abubuwa masu ban tsoro, suna da hadari ga tsirrai da ɗan adam.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa:
- mutuwar kwararan fitila - na faruwa ne saboda yawaitar dasa, wadataccen ruwa ko kayan miya;
- fuka-fukin rawaya - dalilan suna kama, haka ma daga cikin sanadin lalacewar albasa ce ta tashi ko kuma farkon fashewar kwararan fitila;
- ƙoshin haƙoran kwararan fitila - wanda yake faruwa saboda wuce haddi na nitrogen, ana iya hana shi ta hanyar shigar da potassium a cikin ƙasa;
- bayyanar kibiyoyi - wannan yana nuna kayan ingancin kayan shuka.
Girbi
Ana yin girbi a ƙarshen bazara a rana, yanayin iska. Idan kuka tattara albasa a cikin ruwan sama, zai fara jujjuyawa.
Zaku iya tantance matsayin dabbakatar kwari ta hanyar jingina gashinsa. Da zaran gashin tsuntsaye sun kwanta akan gado, kuna buƙatar girbi kai tsaye, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su sake girma.
Don cire kwararan fitila, yi amfani da shebur, wanda suka tono amfanin gona da ja. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, kwararan fitila sun bushe kai tsaye akan gado don kashe cututtukan. Ana yin bushewa har mako guda a zazzabi na + 25 ... +30 ° C. Don rigakafin rot na sa'o'i 12, albasarta suna bushe da zazzabi na +45 ° C.
A ƙarshen bushewa, an yanke ganye daga kowane kwan fitila, wutsiyoyi kuma suna taqaituwa zuwa cm 3-4. Dukkanin kawunansu ana iya adana su ba tare da lalacewar inzali ba kuma babu alamun ɓarke. Tankunan ajiya - kwanduna, raga ko kwali (katako).
Mr. Dachnik ya ba da shawara: hanyar da kasar Sin ke dasa albasa
Tsarin Sinanci yana da nufin haɓaka samar da kayayyaki. Babban yanayin - ana shuka shuka a cikin dogo tsakanin gadaje. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a girma manyan kwararan fitila da sifa mai faski. Kashi na sama na tsire-tsire suna haskaka shi daidai da rana kuma suna sama, wannan muhimmin yanayi ne don kare amfanin gona daga lalacewa. Bugu da kari, tare da wannan hanyar dasa gadaje yana da sauki ruwa, sassauta, cire ciyawa.
Ana shuka ƙananan albasa kai tsaye bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma an saita zazzabi a +5 ° C, kuma manyan sun ragu har zuwa Mayu. Irin wannan tsarin dasawa zai ba ku damar samun amfanin gona daga nau'ikan kayan dasa biyu a lokaci guda.
Bayan 'yan makonni kafin a dasa, ana sanya kwalin albasa kusa da tushen zafi, alal misali, kusa da baturi, saboda sam ɗin ya cika lafiya. Kafin dasa shuki, an yanke wutsiyar a kwan fitila, amma dole ne a bar wuyan ci gaba a ciki, in ba haka ba za'a iya jefa iri ba, saboda wannan kayan dasa bai dace da namowa ba. Ranar da za a shuka, albarkar dole ne a tsabtace cikin ruwa mai tsabta, wannan zai tsoratar da haɓakar tsarin tushen.
Filin saukar da ƙasa an shirya shi a gaba, a cikin bazara, a cikin bazara an sake haƙa shi. Tsawon kowane tsayi ba ya wuce 15 cm, nisa tsakanin layuka shine cm 30. Tsarin dasa shine nisan dake tsakanin kawunan shine 10 cm, shuka yana kara zurfafa ta 3 cm. Game da yanayin bushewa, ana shayar da gonar yadda ƙasa take bushewa.
Ana amfani da miya babba sau uku:
- a ƙarshen bazara, ana amfani da mullein;
- a farkon lokacin bazara, gishiri na potassium, mahaɗan phosphorus, an kara urea;
- yayin ƙirƙirar kwararan fitila, zaku iya ƙara saman miya a karo na uku.
Wani fasalin Hanyar Sinawa - ya kamata a sako gadaje kamar yadda ciyawa suka bayyana, amma wannan baya faruwa sau da yawa.
