Lupine tsire ne daga dangin legume. Yana da wani sunan da aka samo daga Latin - wolf (Lupinus). Halin halittar ya hada da kusan nau'in nau'ikan mutum ɗari, yawancinsu suna girma ne a yankuna na yankin Rum da Afirka da Amurka. An yi amfani dashi a cikin aikin gona da magani a cikin tsufa.
Abubuwan Lupine
Tushen an kafa shi a cikin nau'i na sanda, wanda ke zuwa zurfin mita 1-2. Featureirar fasalin ma ƙaramin tarin kwari ne da keɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrogen. Suna sarrafa nitrogen daga iska kuma suna wadatar da ƙasa.
The mai tushe ne ciyawa, kuma iya zama m. Mafi sau da yawa kafa, amma creeping ko Branching ciyawa da shrubs wani lokaci ana samun. Ganyen yana da cakudden dabino, mai ninki biyu. Suna nan kan dogayen layuka 5-6. Su iri ɗaya ne a cikin sifa ga reshe na dabino.
Inflorescences ne goge game da 0.5-1 m high, tare da babban adadin buds da aka shirya a cikin layuka mai yawa na 50-80 inji mai kwakwalwa. Peduncles suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da ƙarfi, suna jure ruwan sama sosai kuma kada ku tashi cikin yanayin iska.
Mafi launi na yau da kullun shine shuɗi. Koyaya, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka: launi ɗaya (cream, jan, purple) da variegated.
Matsakaicin lokacin fure shine kwana 20.
Irin yana da ƙasa mai laushi, mai kama da wake ko Peas. Launi da siffar sun dogara da irin nau'in lupine da suke ciki.
Shuka mai guba: abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin wake shine mafi girma - 4%, a cikin tushen ƙasa da kusan 1%. Koyaya, nau'ikan da ba shi da lahani an shayar da su don aikin gona, suna ciyar da dabbobi ko zomaye.
Furen yana dauke da shuka zuma kuma yana jan ƙudan zuma tare da adadi mai yawa, duk da haka, baya fitar da ƙwar ƙwaya.
Iri da nau'ikan lupins
Halittar yana wakiltar tsofaffi ɗaya ko biyu na shekara da kuma perennials da aka yi amfani da su sosai. Zuwa yau, duka Kattai biyu masu girma zuwa cm 200 da kuma wakilan ƙarami waɗanda tushe bai wuce 20 cm ba.
Mafi na kowa su ne:
| Dubawa | Girma (cm) | Launi da ƙanshi na furanni | Bayanin |
| Azurfa | 20-60. | Dark mai launin shuɗi tare da tsakiyar ja. | Ganyen siliki. |
| Dwarf | 20-50. | Blue, farar fata, shuɗi. | Farkon fure, unpretentious. Za'a iya yanka furanni don bouquets. |
| Tatse-yisti | 80-150. | Pink, shunayya ko farar fata, mai kamshi. | Shekaru daya, tare da kafa mai kafa. |
| Fari | 150-200. | Snow-fari, mai ruwan hoda mai haske, shudi mai kamshi. | Annual, fari haƙuri. Ya tara mai yawa nitrogen - 2 kg. |
| Rawaya | 100. | Rawaya ko rawaya-orange, mai kamshi. | Mai son shekara-shekara Kara ne pubescent, akwai kadan ganye. |
| Mai rufa-rufa | 80-120, tsawon goge 30-35. | Jin zurfi. | Perennial. Bishiya mai jure sanyi, mai tsabta. Da kyau na juya rodents. |
Ana bambanta nau'ikan Lupine ta fuskoki da launuka iri-iri, alal misali: Abendglut, Rubinkenig. Mutane da yawa an bred by ɗan Ingila mai shayarwa da mai suna da shi - Russell hybrids. Suna da mashahuri sosai kuma ana shuka su cikin rukuni a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, misali: Burg Froilin, Castellan. Girman dutsen a cikin wasu ya kai 2 cm.
Yadu-iri da ake kira annuals:
- Tuba;
- Crystal;
- Dogara;
- Siderat 38.
Lupins na gargajiya: shuɗi, shuɗi da fari, suna haɓaka mafi kyau kuma ba su da ƙima don kulawa fiye da iri tare da launuka masu ban sha'awa.
Sakamakon gaskiyar yadda shuka ke yin kyau tare da sauran furanni, yana yiwuwa a ɗaukar ra'ayi daban-daban na ƙirar ƙasa. Lupine yana da kyau don lambuna da aka yi a cikin salon soyayya ko Ingilishi. Yayi kyau kamar iyakoki ko dasa a gefen bango da kuma shinge. Matsayin tushen asali don ƙananan peonies, chrysanthemums ko asters. Mai jituwa tare da cosmea, delphinium ko karrarawa, da iris, geranium ko poppy shima ya dace.
Kwancen dasa tsirar
Lokacin yana dogara da hanyar da aka zaɓa, idan kuna shirin shuka seedlings, to, zai fi kyau kuyi wannan tun farko - a watan Maris.
A lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kada ka rush, ya zama dole cewa dusar ƙanƙara ta fito kuma ƙasa ta yi kyau sosai.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shine tsakiyar bazara - Afrilu ko Mayu.
Wani zaɓi don yin wannan a cikin hunturu, yawanci suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar ƙarshen Oktoba, yana da mahimmanci kada ku manta da ƙara peat a cikin ƙasa.
Girma lupine daga tsaba
Wannan hanyar namo ya dace da yankuna masu sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye da ƙasa sako-sako da ya ƙunshi biyu na sod ƙasar, peat da sand ɗaya. Ana yin cakuda don ingantaccen magudanar ruwa. Shuka abu dole ne a zurfafa ta 2 cm a cikin ƙasa.
Don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana haɗa gaurayen tare da foda daga tushen tsoffin lupins. Kuma don hanzarta germination, zaku iya keta mutuncin theaɗan da aka shafa tare da sandpaper.
Sau da yawa wani tsohuwar lupine yakan watsar da kanshi. Bayan wake sun farfashe, ganyayyakinsu a bude suke kuma sai hasken ya tashi sama.
Don ƙarin harbe-harbe, an sanya kwandon a cikin wurin dumi kuma an rufe shi da zane mai bushe. Otsan ganye suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 18-20, mafi yawan zafin jiki don germination shine +20 ° C.
Kayan aiki don dasa shuki yana da tsawon rayuwar shekaru 5. Yawancin furanni da aka girma daga tsaba da aka saya a kakar wasa ta gaba suna sayan inuwa mai shuɗi ko shudi. Sabili da haka, wasu nau'in suna buƙatar sabuntawa.
Kula da tsire-tsire na lupine da dasa su a cikin ƙasa
Wata daya daga baya, lokacin da ganye na farko na farko suka bayyana, wajibi ne a shuka shuki a ƙasa. Idan ba ku aikata shi akan lokaci ba, akwai haɗarin lalata rootsan Tushen kuma mayan itacen ba zai iya yin tushe kuma zai fara bushewa. Saboda wannan dalili, bada shawarar ƙarin ƙwayoyin lupins ba da shawarar ba.
Kuna buƙatar sanya sprouts a nesa na 30-50 cm domin su iya girma a cikin nisa kuma kada su tsoma baki tare da juna. Tsarin fili yana da kyau.
Rashin daidaituwa ga substrate. Isasa ta zama mai ɗan acidic, amma saboda canjin ƙasa, zai iya girma a kusan kowane, saboda da kanta ƙara matakin pH. A cikin shekara daya ko biyu ya zama tsaka tsaki. A kan ƙasa na acidic, dole ne a kara lemun tsami kafin dasawa, 5 a kowace lita na 1 m², wannan zai rage matakan alli. Za'a iya ƙara peat a cikin mahallin alkaline, a kowace m 1 na ƙasa 5 kilogiram.
Shuka Lupine a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa
Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa, wannan zai fi kyau a cikin fall. Tono shebur a kan bayonet ɗaya, yankin da aka shirya da takin tare da superphosphate da ash.
Yana yiwuwa a shuka a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, a cikin ƙasa ta kwance. Daga tsaba 5 zuwa 7 ana sanya su a cikin rami ɗaya, nisan dake tsakanin ramuka shine 6-7 cm. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 8-14. Shafin shine mafi kyau a zabi rijiyar da take da kyau, inji yana son hasken rana. Ana iya fitar da 'yan ƙwayayen, amma tsayin su kada ya wuce cm 15. Bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da ganyayyaki 2 na ainihi ba, in ba haka ba ba za su ɗauki tushe a cikin sabon wuri ba. Lokacin canja wurin, ya zama dole don inuwa tukwane tare da ramuka don samun iska.
Rashin ingancin shuka shuki shine furanni da suka girma na iya samun inuwa ta daban. Sau da yawa yakan juya launin shuɗi, rarest fari.
Yankin da aka ƙayyade ya zama Yuni; shuka zai yi girma a cikin kakar mai zuwa.
Kulawar Lupine
Kula da lupine na dogon lokaci mai sauki ne:
- Weeding da kwance ƙasa.
- A cikin bazara, watering yana aiki, daga baya matsakaici.
- Idan aka fallasa bangare na basal, tsaunin zai taimaka.
- Don haɓaka lokacin fure, ya wajaba don cire goge-fure.
- Tall tsire-tsire wani lokacin fashewa daga iska mai ƙarfi, suna buƙatar ɗaure su da goyon baya.
- Zai fi kyau a shuka Lupine tsawon shekaru 4-6, bayan an maye gurbinsa da samfuran matasa.
- Ya kamata a amfani da takin mai magani a shekara ta gaba bayan dasawa. Duk wani hadadden abu, nitrogen kyauta zai yi. A 1 m² kuna buƙatar 20 gr.
Dubawa don gaban parasites wajibi ne: bututun ruwa mai ban ruwa, aphids ko larvae na fure mai tashi. Yin rigakafi da magani na kwari daga cututtuka: tushe da launin toka mai ruɓi, anthracnose, tsatsa.
Kayan kayan lambu na lupine
Idan lupine don ado ne, to don adana launi irin na mahaifiyar, ana amfani da hanyar ganyayyaki. Koyaya, ƙananan bushes ne kawai ke buƙatar rarrabu; manya na da mummunan tushe.
Lokacin grafting a cikin bazara, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kayan yau da kullun na tushe na tushe. Na farko inflorescences na girma shuka zai sake kafawa a cikin fall.
An yanka yankan rani lokacin da furanni ya ƙare. Kafe a cikin yashi ƙasa, tare da diffused haske ko m inuwa. Canza zuwa flowerbed bayan kwanaki 20, lokacin da aka kafa tushen.
Mr. Mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: lupine - siderat
Wannan ban mamaki kore taki ne kore taki. Karatuttukan da aka gudanar sun bayyana fifikon sa a kan taki dangane da sinadarin phosphorus da potassium. A shuka na iya tara a cikin ƙasa har zuwa 200 kilogiram na nitrogen. Daidai ya mayar da yumbu, loamy da nau'in ƙasa mai yashi.
Don aikin gona, ana amfani da perennials sau da yawa. Su ne unpretentious da resistant zuwa sanyi. Tsarin tsire-tsire na shekara yana da ƙari, haɓakarsu yana da sauƙin sarrafawa.
Watanni biyu bayan dasa shuki, yayin bayyanar alamarin, lupins suna mowed kuma saka a cikin ƙasa. Don haɓaka lalata, sun zubar da takin ƙwayoyin cuta: Baikal, Bokashi. Yawancin lokaci tsarin yana ɗaukar makonni 2, bayan wannan zaka iya shuka wasu albarkatu.
Akwai kuma wata hanya, ana amfani da ita idan ba a shirya yin ƙasa mai zuwa ba. An bar koren kore a farfajiya, ana shayar da ruwa lokaci-lokaci da ruwa da magunguna tare da ƙwayoyin microorganisms (EM).
Autumn mafi yawa ana shuka a watan Satumba Oktoba-, zabar sanyi-resistant iri. Ana iya dasa shi a watan Agusta kuma lupine yana kulawa don haɓaka zuwa yanayin sanyi, to an yanka shi kuma an bar shi ya juya a dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin bazara, da takin yana shirye.
Anan ne albarkatun gona da ke girma cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kwamin lupine:
- kabewa
- kokwamba
- Tumatir
- rasberi;
- zucchini;
- dankali.
Kamar yadda siderat, yana da kyau kada ku shuka kusa da albasa, wanda za'a kafa da kuma adana talauci. Saboda haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke kama, ba a kuma bada shawarar yin gadaje kusa da Peas da wake ba.
Lupine, wanda da yawa daga mutane suke gane shi a matsayin sako, shima yana iya kawo fa'ida. Ka wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwa masu amfani kamar taki, ka zama abinci ga dabbobi da kifaye, ko ka zama ado mai haske na gadon filawa. Kuma dasa shuki da ango bisa ga ka'idodin zai taimaka wajen samun ingantaccen shuka mai ƙarfi.
