Zucchini kayan lambu ne na dangin kabewa, mahaifarta ce Mexico. Yana da dandano mai kyau, ana amfani dashi a dafa abinci da dafa abinci. Ya ƙunshi adadin adadin kuzari, mai amfani ga manya da yara.
Kayan lambu ba shi da ma'ana, yana yiwuwa a yi girma a cikin greenhouse, a cikin ƙasa bude da sauran hanyoyi. Yawan aiki zai kasance mai mahimmanci ga dukkan ka'idodin aikin gona.
Mafi kyawun tsaba na zucchini don buɗe ƙasa
Akwai nau'ikan tsaba iri da yawa na zucchini; sun bambanta da tsari, launi fata, kauri, da dandano. Rarrabe tsakanin farkon cikakke, tsakiyar ripening, ƙarshen cikakke.
An ba da shawarar yin girma a cikin ƙasa:
- Cavili F1 - matasan Dutch, farkon, sifar Silinda, hasken kore. Dasa a watan Mayu, a farkon Yuni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bayyana bayan kwana arba'in. Yin tsayayya da cuta. A tsayi ba fiye da 22 cm ba, nauyi - 350 gr.
- Aral abune mai hade, ana iya dasa shi cikin watan Mayu ba tare da tsoron sanyi ba. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da haske kore har zuwa 800 gr., Bayyanar bayan kwanaki 45.
- Iskander F1 - wakilin Dutch, mai tsayayya da yanayin zafi. Sown a watan Afrilu, yayi girma zuwa 20 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 600 gr. Fata na bakin ciki ne, jiki ne mai laushi. Ripens a cikin kwanaki 40-45.
- Astronomer - daji farkon iri-iri, tsayayya wa mildew powdery, har zuwa 18 cm tsayi.
- Belogor - tsayayya da sanyi, kore da fari 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 1 kg.
- Tsukesha wani nau'in zucchini ne, ɗan fari ne iri-iri. 'Ya'yan itacen suna duhu kore tare da ƙananan sautuna har zuwa 30 cm kuma suna yin nauyin 1 kg. A watan Mayu, an shuka, matures a cikin kwanaki 45.
- Ardendo 174 F1 - daga Holland, fruita -an itace mai siffar pin, kore mai haske tare da dige. Weight yana kimanin 600 gr. Balagagge a cikin kwanaki 45. Dasa a watan Mayu, ba tsoron zafin zazzabi. Yana bukatar yalwataccen watering, namo, saman miya.
- Farin - mai yawan amfanin ƙasa, nauyi ya kai 1 kg, matures a cikin kwanaki 40, tsayayya ga mildew powdery, ya dace da kiyayewa.
- Gold Rush F1 - 'ya'yan itacen yana da rawaya, tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi, 20 cm tsayi da 200 g. Ripens a cikin kwanaki 50, bushes ɗin m ne, ba sa wahala daga peronosporosis.
- Masha F1 - balaga a yanayin bushe, kwari ba su kai masa hari ba. Weight yana kimanin kilogiram 3.5.
- Spaghetti wani iri ne wanda ba a saba da shi ba, mai kama da kabewa, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi launin rawaya, idan aka dafa shi, naman yakan karye zuwa zaruruwa kamar na taliya.
- Gribovsky 37 - mai jigon mai tushe, 'ya'yan itaciya mai siffar sikelin 20-25 cm, har zuwa kilogram 1.3, kore mai launin shuɗi.
- Roller - mai tsayayya da sanyaya, yana da babban ɗanɗano, ana amfani da shi ga blanks.
Shuka seedlings na zucchini
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana shuka tsaba kayan lambu nan da nan a cikin lambu, a cikin yankuna masu sanyi seedlings an fara shirya su. An sayi ƙasa musamman don kabewa ko gauraye a kan ƙasa mai ganye, humus, ƙara peat da sawdust (2: 2: 1: 1). Wani zabin shine peat, takin, ciyawar turf, sawki (6: 2: 2: 1). An lalata ƙasa a cikin maganin manganese mako guda kafin shuka.
Ana sanya tsaba a cikin rana har tsawon kwana bakwai, sannan a tsoma cikin ruwan dumi, a nannade cikin zane mai bushe bayan hoursan awanni. Irin yana ƙyanƙyashe bayan kwanaki 2-3. Tukwane da aka shirya ko kofuna waɗanda ke da nauyin 0.5 l ana ɗaukar su tare da ƙasa kuma an shuka su zuwa zurfin 1-3 cm, a cikin kowane ɗayan iri. Idan ba a shafa su a baya ba, to, 2-3, sannan an cire sprouts masu rauni. Shayar da yalwa da jira bayan kwanaki 2-3 don shuka. An saita zazzabi + 23 ... +25 ° C. Idan babu isasshen haske, yi ƙarin haske.
Bayan fitowar seedlings, zazzage saukar da zafin jiki zuwa + 18 ... +20 ° C wanda ya sa tsire-tsire ba sa shimfiɗa. Bayan mako guda, ana ciyar da su tare da urea ko takaddun hadaddun, karo na biyu tare da nitrophos. Bayan samuwar zanen gado da yawa, ana tura su zuwa gado. A lokaci guda, sprouts taurara a cikin mako guda, ragewan zafin jiki.
Zamanin shuka ta dogara da yankin:
- Bandungiyar ta tsakiya ita ce ƙarshen Afrilu;
- Yankin Moscow - ƙarshen Afrilu, farkon Mayu;
- Siberiya, Urals - ƙarshen Mayu, farkon watan Yuni.
Dangane da kalandar rana don shekara ta 2019, ranakun dacewa sune Afrilu: 15-17; Mayu: 10, 13-17; Yuni: 5-9.
Ya kamata a la'akari dashi - bayan watanni 1-1.5 bayan shuka, dole ne a dasa shuki a ƙasa.
Mr. mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: hanyoyin yin amfani da zucchini
Masu aikin lambu sun san asirin da yawa don samun girbi mai kyau idan babu isasshen sarari a shafin. Wata sabuwar hanya ta fito don dasa shuki a cikin "katantanwa" (tukwane na filastik an birne su ta musamman).
Jaka ta girma
Ana amfani da jaka don sukari, gari ko jakunkuna na kilogiram na 120. Tsarin takin gargajiya, ƙasa daga gonar, ana zuba sawun. A ƙasa yin holesan ramuka. Bushaya daga cikin daji na seedlings an sanya shi a cikin kowane jaka. Ruwa da kuma takin ma'adinai. Don yin ruwa, an sanya bututu mai zurfi tare da ramuka, an sanya mazugi a saman.
Girma a cikin wata dabara
Don wannan, an shirya ma'adinan a shekara. Yanke ciyawa a cikin lambun kuma ajiye a cikin babban babban da'irar, m 2.5 a diamita. Addara dankalin turawa, tumatir, karas. A cikin faduwar, bayan tsananin zafi, tsayinsa zai kai mita 0.5. A cikin wannan tsari, bar zuwa hunturu. A cikin bazara sun juya, cika duniya har zuwa cm 10. Raba kashi uku kuma shuka shuka da aka shuka, guda 4 kowannensu. Ana sanya Hay da bambaro a gefunan don kada ƙasa ta bushe. Zucchini yana fitowa a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Barci
Ana amfani da ganga lita 150-200, an saka bututu tare da ƙananan ramuka a ciki. Lumps, goge itace kamar yadda magudanar ruwa an dage farawa a kasan. Top humus, hay, ƙasa, sawdust da peat a cikin yadudduka. Sannan wani ƙasa daga wurin. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a kewayen gefuna. Ana yin ruwa ta ramuka a cikin bututu.
Shuka tsaba da shuka shuki a cikin ƙasa
Ana shuka 'yan itacen a cikin ƙasa tare da dunƙule, don kada su lalata asalin sa. An shirya wurin a cikin kaka, an haƙa shi da 20-25 cm, ana ƙara superphosphate da potassium sulfate ko makonni biyu kafin dasawa. An zaɓi wurin da rana, ba tare da iska ba. Sanya ramuka, ruwa, sanya shuka, yayyafa da ƙasa, ruwa. Nisa tsakanin layuka shine mita 1.5, tsakanin bushes - 70-90 cm.
Mafi kyawun wurin shine inda magabata suka kasance dankali, kabeji, karas, albasa. Ba daidai ba ne a dasa a kan gadaje idan an yi girma da kabewa, cucumbers, squash.
An shuka iri daya bayan daya kuma an binne shi a cikin ƙasa wanda aka haƙa shi kuma a haɗo shi da nitonium nitrate na 3-4 cm. Nisan da ke tsakanin su shine 50-70 cm.Idan an shuka iri biyu, to, suna barin mafi ƙarfi. 
Saurayi na Gwiwa
Kula da Zucchini
Dacewa mai kyau shine mabuɗin zuwa kyakkyawan girbi. Kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kowace kwana goma don kada matsanancin danshi da safe ko maraice. Tare da lokacin bazara, ana shayar da su sau da yawa, in ba haka ba mai tushe za su fashe. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai ɗumi, kai tsaye daga shafi zai haifar da tsire-tsire masu juyawa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin lokacin girbi, ana ba da shawarar dakatar da sha.
Kafin kayan lambu ya fara saƙa, an kwance ƙasa, an cire ciyayi. Bayan bayyanar 4-5 gaskiya ganye spud.
A lokacin kulawa kar ka manta game da pollination. Don wannan, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don jawo hankalin kwari. An fesa gadaje tare da bayani na sukari (0.5 tbsp.) Kuma boric acid (2 g.) A cikin guga na ruwa. Sanya zuma mai narkewa (1 tsp. A cikin 250 ml na ruwa). Ko kuma marigolds da ke jan hankalin ƙudan zuma ana shuka su a kusa. Yana da kyau ka sayi nau'in pollinated iri.
An ciyar da shi kwanaki 12 bayan dasa shuki tare da nitrophosus tare da ruwa (30 g a kowace lita), mullein (an narkar da shi a cikin ruwan zafi (1:10), bayan sa'o'i 3 har yanzu ana narkar da shi da ruwa (1: 5) kuma ana shayar da shi ƙarƙashin tushe). A lokacin fure, superphosphate tare da potassium nitrate diluted da ruwa ana amfani dashi. Lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka bayyana - Agricola, nitrophosphate ko potassium sulfate tare da superphosphate da urea. Feshi tare da bayani game da Bud kowane kwana goma.
Bush zucchini kada ku ƙulla shi, harbe suna hawa iri ne a bar trellis da tsunkule saman.
Cutar da kwari
Zucchini wani lokacin yakan lalata cututtuka da kwari.
| Matsalar | Bayyanai | Matakan magancewa |
| Powdery mildew | Friable mai launin fari mai launin fari, sannan ya juye da launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki curl, bushe, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu rauni. | An fesa tare da sulfur colloidal, Bayleton, Quadris, Topsin-M. |
| Buga na fata | Rawaya mai launin shuɗi, sannan launin baƙar fata-launin ruwan ƙasa akan ganyayyaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen ba su yi girma, alagammana. | Ba za a iya bi da shi ba, an cire bushes mai lalacewa, an ƙone shi. |
| Sclerotinia ko farar fata | Farin murfin fari a kan dukkan sassan kore da ovaries, 'ya'yan itãcen sun yi laushi. | An cire sassan da abin ya shafa, an yayyafa sassan tare da gawayi, an ciyar da su da toka, bawo kwai, haɗarin phosphorus. Suna ba da ruwa tare da Fitolavin, suna yin takin. |
| Peronosporosis (milyw fari) | M kore-rawaya m, tare da lokaci zama launin toka-kasa-kasa. | Taimaka na jan ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe, Metiram. Sun daina yin ciyawar na kwanaki da yawa, suna ciyar da su da tatalin potash. |
| Kawaicin | Brownish-rawaya aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki, sa'an nan kuma suka bushe fitar da ramuka siffan, jiki dandani mai ɗaci, 'ya'yan itãcen shrink, rot. | Aka fesa tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa, Previkur, shirye-shirye na Fundazol. |
| Kwayar cuta | Whiteanan farar fata, tare da launin ruwan kasa na lokaci mai rauni, sores na ruwa a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa. | Ana magance shi da ruwan 1% na Bordeaux, chloride jan karfe. Idan bai taimaka ba, an lalatar da bushes. |
| Motsa Kokwamba | Rawaya, farar fata, ganye, curl, babu amfanin gona. | A matakin farko, aiwatarwa tare da Actara, Actellik. Don rigakafin, nan da nan suna lalata tururuwa, aphids waɗanda ke ɗaukar cutar. |
| Farar fata | M shafi a baya na ganye, wanda hankali Fade. | Ana wanke stains da ruwa, ƙasa ta kwance. Sannan an fesa su da kwari: Kwamandan, Tanrek, Oberon. |
| Aphids masu zurfi | Bangaren da ke sama yana bushewa a hankali. | Aka fesa tare da jiko na albasa, taba, tafarnuwa, fi dankalin turawa, ko Decis, Karbofos |
| Matsawa | Ku ci furanni, harbe, ganye. | An tattara kwari da hannu, barkono, mustard ƙasa, ƙoshin ƙwaya na warwatse ko'ina cikin bushes. Tare da babban mamayewa, ana bi da su tare da sulfate na jan karfe, manyan ganuwar Metaldehyde suna warwatse. |
| Spider mite | Yana shafar ɓangaren ɓangaren ganyayyen ganye, samar da ɗigon rawaya, cobwebs. Shuka ta bushe. | Yi amfani da jiko na albasa, tafarnuwa tare da ƙari da sabulu na wanki. Har yanzu amfani da kwayoyi: 20% Chloroethanol, 10% Isophen. |
