Lokacin da ake girma da kowane albarkatu da itatuwa masu 'ya'yan itace, yin amfani da takin gargajiya ba dole ba ne. Yawan albarkatun gona ya dogara ne da dalilai masu yawa, amma yawan abincin jiki na kasar gona ya kasance daga wuri na ƙarshe. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu amfani da shi shine nitroammofoska - wani tasiri mai mahimmanci wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku masu amfani: nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da kayan aiki a matsayin tsirrai ko ma'adinai na musamman ga kowane irin ƙasa da kuma albarkatu iri iri. Wataƙila wani zaɓi mai mahimmanci ga chernozem da ƙasa mai launin launin kasa kasa shine amfani da abun da ke cikin ƙasa a lokacin ban ruwa, kodayake iri iri iri na nitroammofoski da aka samar a yau ya sa ya yiwu ya zabi taki taki-daya, la'akari da halaye na musamman na ƙasa da bukatun albarkatun gona a kansu.
Duk da haka, ana magana da nitroammofosk, da farko, kana bukatar ka fahimtar kanka da halaye, saboda ba tare da sanin kyawawan halaye da al'ada ba, amfani da kayan aiki zai iya cutar da tsire-tsire.
Nitroammofosk: bayanin da abun ciki na taki
Abubuwan da ke cikin nitroammofosk (NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3 + KCL) daga cikin manyan abubuwa uku (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium), wajibi ne don tsire-tsire don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaba a matakai daban-daban na rayuwa, ya sanya kayan aiki mafi mashahuri a yanzu. Mahimmanci, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin samfurin ruwa kamar abinci na foliar don amfanin gona da gonar lambu.
Shin kuna sani? Bugu da ƙari, nitroammofoski, a kasuwar zamani zaka iya samun ma'anar irin nitroammophos, ko da yake idan ka karanta wannan taki sosai kuma kayi nazarin umarninsa don amfani, to ya zama bayyananne cewa wadannan kwayoyi ne daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, nau'in taki ba ya ƙunshi potassium, kuma rabo daga nitrogen da phosphorus daban-daban na maki daban-daban (alal misali, don A - wannan shine kashi 23% kowace, kuma a cikin maki B - 16% nitrogen da 24% phosphorus).
A nitroammoposka, potassium da nitrogen suna gabatarwa a cikin nau'i mai sauƙi mai soluble, da kuma phosphorus (wani ɓangare) a cikin nau'i na phosphate, wanda ko da yake ba ruwanta ba ne a cikin ruwa, ya kasance gaba ɗaya ga tsire-tsire, kuma a wani sashi na ammonium phosphate da mono-calcium phosphate. Saboda yiwuwar canza yanayin tsarin fasaha na tsari, yawan adresan mai yaduwar ruwa da ruwa mai sutura zai iya bambanta. Alal misali, babu phosphorus mai yaduwar ruwa a nitroammophosca carbonate, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa irin wannan taki za a iya amfani dashi a matsayin tushe ne kawai a kan kasa.Yana da muhimmanci! Babban kashi na nitroammofosca Ca (H2PO4) 2, wanda aka saki a cikin abun da yake ciki, yana da soluble a nitric acid, wanda ya ba da izinin barin phosphorus daga jinsunan inert kuma ya dauki nauyin da ya fi dacewa don abincin gina jiki (wannan shine babban mahimmancin bayanin yadda aikin taki yake) .Kafin ka fahimci yadda za a yi amfani da nitroammofosku taki, zai zama da amfani don samun masaniya da halaye na jiki. Da farko dai, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan abun da ba a lalacewa ba ne, wanda yake da rashin cikakken fashewa da haɗari, ko da yake a lokaci guda yana da abubuwa masu ƙyama da ƙananan wuta (iska mai ƙin iska yana da + 490 ... +520 ° C). A zafin jiki na +900 ° C, nitroammophoska ba ya amsa ga ƙonawa a cikin tanderun.
Bugu da ƙari, dakatarwar iska ba ta fashewa kuma ba ta ƙonewa lokacin da ya shiga murfin mai tsanani (har zuwa +1000 ° C). Nitroammofoska wani wakili ne mai rashin ƙarfi, wanda a lokaci guda zai iya kunna hawan kwayoyin halitta a zafin jiki na filayen + 800 ... + 900 ° C. Yana da soluble a cikin ruwa, ba ya ƙunshi ballast kuma zai iya hada har zuwa 55% na na gina jiki. Sabili da haka, yana tattare duk abin da ke sama, yana da sauƙi ganin cewa abun da ke ciki na potassium, phosphorus da nitrogen a cikin nau'o'in nitroammophoses na da kashi 51%, kuma duk abubuwa suna cikin hanyar da za su iya samuwa ga tsire-tsire kuma suna jin dadin su. Gaba ɗaya, tasirin magungunan ƙwayoyi ne a matakin nauyin haɗuwa da takin mai magani mai narkewa.
Shin kuna sani? Ana amfani da abubuwan da ke dauke da phosphorus (sai dai CaNH4PO4) a matsayin nau'i na abinci. Alal misali, dicalcium phosphate yana daya daga cikin abinci mafi yawan dabbobi a cikin noma da noma da dabba, kuma ana amfani da monocalcium phosphate ba kawai a aikin noma ba, har ma a cikin masana'antun abinci (a matsayin bakaken foda don kullu).
Fasali na amfani da nitroammofoski a kan gonar gonar
An yi amfani da takin mai magani a cikin aikin noma fiye da shekaru goma, amma yawancin lambu a yau suna wary na nitroammofoska, saboda sunyi imani cewa yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye kariya a cikin amfanin gona. Har zuwa wasu har sun kasance daidai, domin idan an yi amfani da taki har zuwa karshen kakar girma, to, burbushin sunadarai zasu kasance a cikin kyallenta. Duk da haka, idan ka dakatar da nitroammofoski a gaba, yawancin nitrate a cikin amfanin gona mai girbi zai kasance a cikin al'ada na al'ada.
Shin kuna sani? Nitrates sun ƙunshi ba kawai a cikin takin mai magani ba, har ma a cikin takin gargajiya, sabili da haka, rashin bin ka'ida da shawarar da masana'antun ya ba da shawarar zai iya cutar da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da yadda ake amfani da su na ma'adinai.
Ƙididdigar shawarar taki na iya bambanta, tun da yake ya dogara ne a kan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, lokaci na sauran kayan gina jiki da kuma irin ƙasa. A kowane hali, yana da darajar dubawa tare da umarnin kafin su lissafta yawancin nitroammofoski lokacin amfani da su, misali, don dankali, tumatir ko inabi. Ana iya amfani da takin taki (a cikin kananan allurai) don yin amfani da kayan lambu da kayan lambu da kayan lambu (1-2 teaspoons daga cikin granules) a cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai dumi, bayan haka aka zuga kayan da aka samo a kan tsire-tsire). Bayan an yi amfani da nitroammofoski a gonar lambu, tabbatar da ruwa da tsire-tsire masu tsirrai da kyau ta hanyar drip, saboda har ma da nitroammofoska da kyau, tare da aikace-aikacen foliar ta hanyar kai tsaye ta wasu hanyoyi yana zama mummunan farfadowa don amfanin gona.Yin amfani da nitroammofoski a cikin nau'in taki don amfanin gona na horticultural, musamman idan amfani da abun da ke ciki don inganta ingancin tumatir, yana da tasirin maganin tsire-tsire: sun sha wuya daga tushe da stem rot, scab, da kuma phytophthora. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a ciyar da su tare da irin wannan taki ba fiye da sau biyu a kakar ba, a karo na farko NPK an bada shawarar da za a yi amfani da shi 16:16:16, kuma karo na biyu - don ciyarwa a lokacin saitin 'ya'yan itace (a wannan yanayin an bada shawarar yin amfani da alama da yawancin potassium a abun da ke ciki). Wannan nau'ikan ne ke da alhakin samar da kayan dabarar kayan lambu, wanda ya sa 'ya'yan itace su fi dadi ga dandano.
Yadda za a yi amfani nitroammofosku: norms hadi ga shuke-shuke daban-daban
Kamar yadda ake amfani da wasu magunguna, kafin yin takin tumatir, dankali ko albarkatun gona da nitroammophotic, koyaushe karanta umarnin don amfani da abun da ke ciki. Duk da cewa kayan aikin kanta yana da wani tsari na musamman na kayan da aka gina (potassium, nitrogen da phosphorus), siffofin ƙasa da bukatun wasu tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci ne, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin amfani da nitroammofoski yakan zama dole a daidaita ma'aunin ma'adinai ta hanyar amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci.
Lokacin yin amfani da sashin ƙananan ƙwayar, tsire-tsire zasu rasa kowane nau'i na alamomi, wanda hakan zai haifar da ƙarshen matuƙar amfanin gona da lalacewa da ingancinta. A gefe guda, kada ku ci gaba da shi, saboda yawancin abubuwan gina jiki zai iya rushe dukan amfanin gona. Hakika, yawan nitroammofoski don amfani a gonar da a gonar zai zama daban, kazalika da launuka masu launi za su kasance nasu halaye.
Aikace-aikace a gonar
Mafi sau da yawa nitroammofosku da ake amfani da su a cikin noma a matsayin babban taki nan da nan kafin dasa shuki tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa (nauyin aikace-aikace na abun da ke ciki ya dogara da irin amfanin gona). Yana da kyau ga kowane irin ƙasa, amma yana da mafi inganci idan an yi amfani da shi a kan ƙasa marar fata da sierozem.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin shigar da taki a cikin ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau, a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi yana da hankali, sabili da haka ga ƙasa mai ƙananan ƙasa da nauyin ƙwayar hatsi mai nauyi yana da kyau a yi amfani da nau'i na ma'auni na shiri. Don haske ƙasa, lokaci mafi kyau don amfani da nitroammofoski shine farkon spring.A yau, yawancin masana'antu suna samar da nitroammofosk, kuma yawancin kayan ma'adinai na iya bambanta dangane da fasahar da mai amfani ya yi. Sabili da haka, idan sayen wata magunguna, tabbas ka karanta umarnin don amfani da kuma soke dokokin da aka tsara, duka don aikace-aikacen kai tsaye ga ƙasa da aikace-aikacen foliar.
Tsire-tsire iri daban-daban suna da nau'o'in ma'adinai daban-daban, don haka ba tare da la'akari da rabon kayan abinci ba, zaka iya yin kuskure cikin sashi. Don amfani da nitroammofoski da yawa, aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace don amfanin gona daban-daban kamar haka: dankali, tumatir da sauran kayan lambu - 20 g da 1 m² (ko 4 ramukan); don shuka - 6-7 g da 1 m², kuma kafin dasa shuki da bishiyoyi bishiyoyi za ku buƙaci 60-300 g na taki, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a tushe, kafin a hade shi da ƙasa daga rami.
Yana da muhimmanci! KumaBayani game da yadda ake takin tumatir tare da nitroammophoska ma yana da mahimmanci akan dalilin cewa wannan amfanin yana buƙatar shigarwar abinci na yau da kullum. Ruwa da narke ruwa kusan gaba daya jawo nitrogen da potassium daga kasar gona, kuma dukkan tumatir sunada albarkatu ne mai mahimmanci kuma suna buƙatar abubuwa masu ma'adinai.Don wasu amfanin gona na kudan zuma (alal misali, currants ko gooseberries), shaidu guda ɗaya na 65-70 g na abu, yayin da wasu amfanin gona na Berry (raspberries ko blackberries) ba su buƙatar fiye da 35-40 g ta 1 m. Yawancin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace suna cike da nitroammofosca a madadin 70-90 g da bishiyoyi (taki yana haɗuwa tare da ƙasa kuma an kara dashi zuwa igiya na itace). Don takin gargajiya da strawberries, 40 g na nitroammofosca sun warwatse akan farfajiya na ƙasa, a karkashin wani daji, kuma don samin raspberries an adadin yawanta zuwa 50 g ta mita.
Aikace-aikace a gonar
Idan itatuwan da ke cikin gonar su yi girma a ƙasa mai kyau, to, amfani da nitroammofoski babban zaɓi ne na ciyar. Don itatuwa masu 'ya'yan itace, ya isa ya ƙara 40-50 g na abun da ke ciki da 1 mita na plantings ko 4-5 kilogiram na mita mita dari zuwa sashin itace. Amma ga sauran nau'o'in ƙasa (yumbu, nauyi, tare da rashi na wasu abubuwa), to, ba za ku iya yin nitroammophoska kadai ba. A wannan yanayin, yin amfani da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace tare da nitroammofoska zai kawo sakamako kawai a hade tare da sauran takin mai magani ko tare da ƙarin ƙarin abubuwan da aka ɓace. Don shuke-shuken bishiyoyi (birch, itacen al'ul, tsutsiyoyi, maple, acacia, hornbeam, beech, willow, tsuntsu ceri) nitroammophoska za a iya amfani dashi a matsayin babban kayan ado, saboda ba su samar da amfanin gona ba.
Wani mai ƙaunar nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus shine inabi. An gudanar da gwaje gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa wannan mazaunin kudancin ya samu nasara sosai a tsakiyar layi. Duk da haka, cikakken girma da ci gaba da al'adu yana yiwuwa kawai tare da takin mai magani na yau da kullum tare da dukkanin ma'adinai da kwayoyin. Lokacin da ake amfani da inabi, ana amfani da nitroammophoska a cikin tushen safiyar, amma a kowace harka, a hankali a kawar da umarnin kafin yin bayani. A cikin saka takarda dole ne a nuna yadda za a soke nitroammophoka cikin ruwa don haka yana da sakamako mai so. Alal misali, a lokacin gudanar da kayan shayarwa, dole ne a shayar da NPK cikin ruwa a madadin 2 tablespoons na abu da lita 10 na ruwa.
Aikace-aikace don launuka
Noma nitroammofoska ya kasance mai yawan gaske cewa ya samo aikace-aikacensa a floriculture, inda ake amfani dashi da yawa don launuka masu yawa. Babu lambun da zai iya yin ba tare da waɗannan tsire-tsire masu kyau ba, amma don su yi farin ciki a cikin bazara tare da bayyanar da haske, yana da muhimmanci don samar da abinci mai kyau. Ana iya yin haka tareda taimakon kwayoyin halitta kuma ta hanyar aikace-aikacen takin mai magani. Musamman ma, nitroammofoska yana da kyau ga takin gargajiya (an kirkiro abun da ke ciki ko a gabatar da shi a cikin ƙasa maras nauyi zuwa zurfin 2-4 cm), amma kawai don haka ba zai iya haɗuwa da tsarin launi ba. Bred abu a daidai wannan rabbai kamar yadda a cikin inabi inabi.
Fertilizing ga wardi mafi kyau a lokacin kashe-kakar: a lokacin bazara za su zama tushen tushen abubuwa don ci gaba da daji, kuma tare da zuwa na kaka za su biya domin auna kayan amfani, don haka shirya daji domin hunturu.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da amfani da nitroammofoski
Kamar sauran taki, nitroammofosk ba za a iya bayyana shi kawai ta hanyar bangarorin kirki ba, don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa akwai wasu alamu ga amfani. Hakika, wannan tasiri ne mai tasiri sosai, amma wani lokacin yana da tasiri mai tsanani a kan tsire-tsire, wanda ke buƙatar sarrafawa mai kyau. A lokaci guda, abun da ke ciki yana da tasiri sosai cewa yawancin lambu suna da idanu ga abubuwan da ba su da amfani.
Saboda haka, ƙarfin nitroammofoski ya hada da:
- 100% friability na abun da ke ciki, wanda aka kiyaye a ko'ina cikin lokacin garanti (granules ba tsaya tare a lokacin dogon lokacin ajiya);
- high concentration of taki, tare da share na sinadaran aiki na akalla 30% na duka taro;
- Ƙarfafa ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙasa ba tare da kwatanta guda ɗaya ba;
- gaban dukkanin abubuwa masu aiki guda uku a cikin guda ɗaya;
- high solubility cikin ruwa;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu da kashi 30-70% (ko da yake don amfanin gona iri iri wannan darajar ne mai tsananin mutum).
- yanayin inorganic nitroammofoski;
- yana haifar da samuwar nitrates a cikin ƙasa;
- na abubuwa na uku na haɗari ga mutane (Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi a flammable da fashe);
- Rayayyun rayuwar rayuwa.
Abin da zai iya maye gurbin analogues nitroammofosku
Nitroammofoska ba ita kadai ba ne, kuma akwai wasu kwayoyi da suke kusa da abun ciki.
Mafi kusa "dangi" na nitroammofoski shine azofoska - wani nau'i guda uku, wanda, baya ga abubuwa masu mahimmanci (potassium, nitrogen da phosphorus), sulfur ma yana dauke. Sauran nitroammophoska da azofoska suna kama da juna, ba kawai a cikin abun da ke ciki ba har ma a cikin tasirin shuke-shuke. Ya kamata a lura cewa ragowar abubuwan da aka gano dangane da yawan ƙwayar cakuda ya danganta da nau'in miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Ammophoska - bambanta da sauran takin mai magani daga wannan subclass ta wurin ƙarin magnesium da sulfur a cikin abun da ke ciki (not less than 14% na duka abun da ke ciki). Har ila yau wani bambanci mai banbanci daga tushe taki shine yiwuwar yin amfani da abun da ke cikin ƙasa mai rufe. Babu sodium da chlorine a cikin ammonium phosphate, kuma an rage yawan adadin kayan ballast.
Nitrophoska - yana da nau'i nau'i na NPK, amma an kara da shi tare da magnesium. Ya yi hasarar sau da yawa ga nitroammofosca a cikin farfadowa, kuma nitrogen yana dauke da ita kawai a cikin nau'in nitrate, wadda za'a iya wanke daga ƙasa, kuma tasirin taki a kan shuka ya rasa karfi. A lokaci guda, nau'i biyu na nitrogen sun kasance a nitroammofosk - ammonium da nitrate. Nau'i na biyu shine ya ƙaddamar da tsawon lokaci na ma'adinai na ma'adinai.
Nitroammophos shi ne irin nitrophosphate (tare da ma'anar NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3), wanda yake shi ne nau'ikan dibasic. Har ila yau, bambancin shine gaskiyar cewa potassium ba shi da shi a nitrophosphate, wanda ya rage iyakar amfani.
Kamar yadda kake gani, nitroammofosk wani taki ne mai yawa na aikace-aikace, wanda ya dace sosai da tumatir da sauran kayan lambu, bishiyoyi, shrubs da furanni.
