An fassara kalmar latin Ribes nigrum a cikin harshen Rashanci kamar "black currant".
Hanyoyin wannan shuka suna da amfani sosai saboda yawancin abubuwan da ke amfani da su waɗanda suke cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara da nauyin wadannan lu'u-lu'u "lu'u-lu'u".
Vitamin C, B, P, citric acid, glucose. Wannan ba duk jerin jerin mahadi masu amfani ba waɗanda suke cikin currants baƙi.
Bugu da ƙari, da kayan abinci mai gina jiki da kuma bitamin, wadannan berries zasu iya rage matakan jini, rage yiwuwar ciwon daji da kuma Alzheimer, da kuma inganta hangen nesa.
Mene ne mafi kyau iri dake baƙar fata? Za a iya samun amsar cikakken bayani game da wannan tambaya a cikin bayanin da aka bayar a kasa.
Akwai fiye da nau'i 200 na currant currant, kuma dandano na berries iri iri daban daban. Koda a cikin mafi kyawun mai sukar lamiri akwai nau'o'in bakar fata, wanda zahiri zahiri da dandano.
Saka "Fata"
Medium farkon currants samu daga iri "Oryol Jubilee" da kuma "Primorsky Giant". Marubuta sune TP. Ogoltsova da L.V. Bayanova, wa] anda ke aiki ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ta {ungiyar Harkokin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta {asa
Na farko girbi zai kasance a cikin marigayi Yuni - farkon Yuli. Tsire-tsire masu girma, kafa, rassan da ke kusa da juna.
Harbe ya yi girma, madara, matt kore, pubescent. Buds ne babba, nau'i-nau'i-nau'i, m a saman, kodadde ruwan hoda a launi, an kafa su a layi daya zuwa ga axis na shoot.
Farin wannan currant yana da nau'i-nau'i 5, ganye suna da manyan, haske mai haske a launi, tare da zurfin ciki. Labaran suna da kaifi a iyakar, tsakiyar yana da girma fiye da sauran kuma yana girma cikin siffar triangle.
Furen suna girma, dan kadan ya yi kama da kararrawa. Tasaran ƙananan (har zuwa 7 cm a tsawon), isasshen mai yawa, drooping.
A berries suna manya-manyan (har zuwa 4.2 g a nauyi), zagaye, baki, tare da ƙananan tsaba. Ku ɗanɗani currant "Fata" high, acid da sugar a cikin ma'auni.
Wannan currant yana da tsayayya ga sanyi, yawanci cututtuka da kwari (cutar powdery mildew, anthracnose, septoria, koda koda) ba su shafi shi ba. Wannan nau'i-nau'i za a iya danganta shi ga masu zaman kansu (61%). Za a iya girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa ba tare da hannu ba, amma inji, kuma girbi ba zai ciwo ba. Yawan da ake samu - 1.5 kg da daji.
Black currant "Bege" kana buƙatar zaɓar da drip kamar dukan sauran iri. Lokacin zabar seedlings, kulawa ta musamman ya kamata a biya shi ga asalinsu, wadda ba za a bushe ko lalacewa ba.
Har ila yau, wajibi ne don duba ɓangaren ɓangaren gudun hijirar. Ya kamata ya kasance lafiya, babu lalacewa kuma ya yi tsayayya da matukar tasiri. Ya kamata a buƙatar kayan kwalliya zuwa 50-4050 gani
Kula da waɗannan ƙwayoyin itace talakawa kuma bambance bambance-bambance daga irin hanyoyin da za'a yi tare da wasu 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona na Berry. M watering, namo da mulching na kasar gona, pruning "bad" harbe ne cikakken misali hanyoyin.
Har ila yau, ba ya cutar da yin aiki magani na shuke-shuke da kwayoyi da cututtuka da kwari.
Grade "Selechenskaya - 2"
Ƙananan nauyin currant baki. An kaddamar da shi a Cibiyar Lupine A.I. Astakhov da L.I. Zueva, wanda ya ketare hanyar 42-7 da 4-1-116.
Fruiting fara a farkon rabin Yuli. Tsire-tsire suna tsaye, mai karfi. Ganye suna uku-lobed, matsakaici a cikin girman, duhu kore a launi, tare da kananan wrinkles.
Kowane rai yana da tsayi sosai tare da matsananciyar ƙarewa. Furen suna da kyau sosai, launin ja-purple.
Daga 8 zuwa 14 furanni an kafa su a cikin kowane goga, da goga kanta yana da tsayi, ba tare da balaga ba. A berries suna da yawa (5.5 - 6.5 g), zagaye, baki, tare da fata fata. Ana ci abinci da ƙari mafi girma., sosai jituwa.
Rabuwa daga 'ya'yan itace bushe. Manufar ita ce duniya. Yawan aiki ya dogara da ingancin fasahar noma, yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka tattara daga ɗayan daji - 1.7-2.8 kg.
Kwayoyin wannan nau'in suna da sauri da sauri kuma sun dace da yanayin yanayin yanayi. Akwai rigakafi ga mafi yawan cututtukan cututtuka.
Makullin don samun girbi mai kyau da kuma tsira daga cikin bishiyoyi shine ingancin tsirrai. Dole ne su kasance masu kyau a cikin bayyanar, lafiya, ba karya a kan nauyin da ke da rauni kuma suna da asali masu lafiya.
Dole ne tushen tsarin ya zama rassan 2 - 3, wanda kafin dasa shuki zai bukaci a yanke shi zuwa 7 cm a tsawon. Har ila yau, kuna buƙatar rage ƙananan harbe don kada a samu fiye da 5 - 6 ƙananan buds. Alamar saukowa ta al'ada ce.
Dangane da matsayi mai girma ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau, ƙananan bishiyoyi na wannan nau'i zasu iya tsayayya ba kawai fari ba, har ma maɓocin ƙasa. Amma ya fi dacewa don yin amfani da ruwa mai yawa da ƙananan, don haka ma'aunin ruwa ya kasance a ƙasa.
Mulch zai hana yaduwar weeds, kuma yaduwar ƙasa zai kara samun damar oxygen zuwa tushen.
Bambancin "Exotica"
Yaran farko, 'ya'yan itace fara a farkon Yuli. Sakamakon hadin gwiwa na masu shayarwa TP Ogoltsova, Z.S. Zotovoy, S.D. Knyazev da L.V. Bayanova daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ta Rasha da Rasha da Cibiyoyin Nazarin Harkokin Harkokin Siberiya.
Tsire-tsire suna tsaye, ba sosai lokacin farin ciki, amma ƙarfin. Young harbe na haske kore launi, ba tare da pubescence, tare da cikakken diamita mai yawa. Buds suna da manyan, ruwan hoda, nau'in mai kwaikwayon da ke da ƙwayar mai da ƙananan matakai.
Ganye suna da lobaye biyar, masu yawa, tare da murya mai zurfi, mai launin kore tare da launi mai haske. Lobe na tsakiya na wani nau'i mai nau'i, wanda shine mafi girma, tare da iyaka.
Sauran matakan suna tare da ƙananan ƙananan, ƙananan kaɗan. Furen suna manyan, dan kadan masu launin. Harshen sararin sama, rataye ƙasa, samar da 8 - 10 berries a daya goga.
Ganye ne babba (har zuwa 6.5 g), zagaye, baki a launi, mai haske a rana, tare da fata na fata. Naman jiki mai dadi ne kuma m, mai dadi sosai, yana da tasiri mai dadi.
Dalilin berries a cikin wannan aji ne na duniya. Matsakaicin farashin - 1 kg daga wani daji. Bushes ne 55% kai kai, resistant zuwa fadowa yanayin zafi, ba shafi powdery mildew da columnar tsatsa.
Tsire-tsire suna da matukar tsayayya ga anthracnose, septoria da toho. A berries na currant "Exotica" ba zai ganimar da hanya mechanical na girbi.
Alamar saukowa ta al'ada ce. Bukatun don seedlings ma talakawa ne. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, sai a zuba kowane seedling da alheri.
Watering, mulching da sassauta ƙasa basu da siffofi. Tabbatar tsari bushes daga anthracnose da septoriada kuma gano bayyanar alamun alamar kasan koda.
Har ila yau, yana da sha'awa a karanta game da dasa shuki da kula da currants ja.
Darasi "Dobrynya"
Yawancin marigayi iri-iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun karu ne a cikin shekaru goma na Yuli. An cinye lokacin da kake tsallaka iri-iri "Rabi" da kuma siffofin 42-7 A.I. Astakhov a Cibiyar Lupine.
Tsire-tsire suna da tsada sosai, kamar yadda suke sredneroslye. Ƙananan rassan suna da matsakaici a diamita, ba mai lankwasawa, kore-purple a launi, kusan ba mai haske, tare da karami kadan.
An kafa ganye daga nau'i-nau'i 3, girman launi na launi zai iya zama matsakaici da babba. Ganye da kansu suna kore, tare da wrinkles.
Furen suna manyan, rawaya mai haske. Tosho yana da tsayi, ƙuƙƙasa kadan, na koren launi, a kowace 6 - 10 furanni an kafa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba (5.5 - 6.5 g), elliptical, baƙar fata, tare da m fata.
A berries suna sosai m, tare da zaki da kuma m hankali. Yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa daga 1 shuka a matsakaici shine 1.5 - 2.5 kg.
Currant bushes "Dobrynya" yi haƙuri a kan ƙananan sauyawa a cikin zazzabi, kazalika da gajeren fari. Ba a shafa ta powdery mildew baamma na iya shan wahala daga wasu cututtuka, da kuma daga kasan koda.
Young bushes don dasa ya zama kyau a bayyanar da kuma saduwa da bukatun bukatun. Sauke su a hanyar da aka saba. Kula da seedlings ma talakawa ne.
Kula talakawa. Wajibi ne don aiwatar da katako da naman gwari da kuma karin kwari sau uku a kowace kakar, in ba haka ba yana da wuya a warke tsire-tsire a baya.
A ba da "Leningrad giant"
Tsakanin farkon iri-iri iri na E.N. Glebova da A.I. Potashova a Jami'ar Agrarian a St. Petersburg, kuma sakamakon sakamakon zaben na Stakhanovka Altai currant tare da cakuda pollen daga nuni da kuma wadanda ba a gushe ba.
Tsire-tsire suna da tsayi, tsayin daka, da kuma yawan karuwar su a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Matasan rassan suna da zurfi, madaidaiciya, tare da pubescence, kore a launi, da magunguna na harbe suna canza launin.
A kan tsufa girma, an shirya fure-fure, wato, 6 zuwa 8 an kafa su tare. Irin wannan "rassan" suna da alamun kusan wasu nau'i mai ban sha'awa, ciki har da Leningrad Giant.
Buds takaice, amma lokacin farin ciki, kwai-dimbin yawa, ruwan hoda-magenta haske launi, ƙi daga harbe. Ganye suna da manyan, tare da lobes biyar, haske mai launi da launi da kuma matte surface.
Lobe tsakiyar shine mafi tsawo, mai faɗi sosai, tare da tip a kan tip. Furen suna da girma, ana yin furanni a cikin kodadde ja. Gurasar ta bambanta, akwai gajeren lokaci da tsawo, ana nuna 'ya'yan itatuwa 6 - 13 a daya goga.
A berries ne matsakaici (1.2 - 2.2 g), zagaye, baki a launi, tare da m da na fata fata.
Duk da bushewar bushe, 'ya'yan itace ba za su yi crumble ba. Gwanon ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kyau sosai, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan currant suna da ƙanshin haɓaka.
Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa (3 - 4.5 kilogiram daga wani shuka), gurfanar da kanta ta sama da kashi 50%. Za a iya tattara bishiyoyi ta hanyar inji. Har ila yau sa resistant zuwa zafin jiki saukad da, amma rassan za su iya karya a karkashin karfi na gusts, musamman ma a lokacin 'ya'yan itace.
Har ila yau, "Leningrad Giant" ba shi da wata rigakafi ta musamman ga cututtuka da kwari.
Tsuntsaye ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau, kada ya karya a lokacin dubawa. Har ila yau, kada a sami alamun naman gwari ko lalacewar ƙwayar cuta. Alamar saukowa ta al'ada ce.
Care ne al'ada. Lokacin shirya kayan gada don hunturu, kulawa ya kamata a dauki su don kare bushes daga sanyi, kamar yadda wasu daga cikinsu ba zasu iya farfadowa daga iskar sanyi ba. Yana da mahimmanci wajen gudanar da maganin likita a kan cututtukan fuka da kuma parasites, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan cutar ga bushes, kuma, game da shi, ga girbi na gaba.
Iri-iri "Anniversary Copan"
Tsakanin currant bushes wanda ke dauke da 'ya'ya a cikin na biyu - na uku na Yuli.
An yi ta high yawan amfanin ƙasa, kullun haihuwa, mai kyau na rigakafi ga cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma iyawar jure wa rashin rashin ruwa.
Wannan iri-iri ya dace da girbi na fasaha. Ganye na wannan currant ne babba, matsakaici-sprouting. Harbe suna da tsawo da kuma lokacin farin ciki, tanƙwara da kyau.
Tsuntsin ƙwanƙwasa tsawon lokaci, mai tsada sosai.
Yawancin "Jubilee Kopania" an bred a shekarar 1983 lokacin da yake tsallake iri-iri "News Prykarpatsya" da kuma nau'in C-106. "Iyaye" na ƙarshe wanda aka samo a cikin sabon nau'in juriya ga dukan cututtukan da aka sani da cutar.
Marubuta sune K.N. Kopan da V.P. Kopan. A berries suna da manyan, kai 4-4.5 g a nauyi, m-spherical, baki, tare da m da m fata.
Rabuwa daga 'ya'yan itace bushe. Jiki na berries yana da dadi da kuma m, launin kore-launin ruwan kasa, tare da ɗanɗanar ƙarewa. Berries yayi kusan lokaci guda, dace da amfani da sabo ko kuma iri daban-daban.
Seedlings dole ne hadu da saba bukatun. Babban abu shi ne cewa suna lafiya. Ga matasa matasa sun tsira a cikin sauyin yanayi, nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, ya kamata a rufe su don ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Alamar saukowa ta al'ada ce. A ƙarshen dasa shuki kowane daji zai buƙaci ruwa da ciyawasabõda haka, su duka suna jin dadi. Kafin dasa shuki yana da shawara don tsoma tushen a cikin yumbu.
Kulawa yana da mahimmanci, wato, yana da mahimmanci ga ruwa da ƙurar ƙasa. Wadannan tsire-tsire basu buƙatar magani, amma don dalilai na hanawa, za ka iya yaduwa bushes tare da shirye-shirye masu dacewa kamar sau biyu.
Har ila yau kana buƙatar cire raguwa da lalacewar sassan harbe don kada su dauke "dakarun" daga yankin lafiya na daji.
Yanzu zaku ga cewa babu wani abu mai nauyi a cikin girma currants baƙar fata. Idan kun riga kuka dasa cucumbers ko tumatir, kuma a lokaci guda da kuka kammala mataki na seedling, to lalle za ku jimre wa baki currant bushes.
