Masu sanannun wannan giya mai kyau sun san cewa dandano, launi da kuma ruwan inabi na ruwan inabi sun dogara ne akan nau'in inabin.
Ziyarci ruwan inabi, zaku iya jin dadin dandano da dama na jan ko inabin fari.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi kokarin bincika irin sha'anin ruwan inabi mafi kyau na wannan al'ada, don haka ruwan giya ya kawo sakamakon da ake sa ran.
"Chardonnay" - babban nau'i na shirye-shiryen kayan giya
Wane ne wanda ba a sani ba game da wannan nau'in innabi? Hannun sanannen sautin Chardonnav yana daukan tushen sa daga Burgundy da Champagne. Kuma an sake tunawa da fim "D, artanyan da Mushirkai guda uku". Wines daga "Chardonnay" suna da wadata a cikin abincin sakandare da kuma manyan abubuwan dandano, waɗanda aka riga sun bayyana a yayin shirya ruwan.
Dangane da fasaha na shirye-shiryen, zasu iya zama haske, tare da ƙanshi na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu farin, alamu na citrus da furanni, da wadata, sugary, tare da dandano na zuma ko abubuwan da ke da kyau.
Masu shan ruwan inabi masu kwarewa sun ce wannan innabi cikakke ne a kowane hali don yin ruwan inabi, saboda ita An bambanta berries da juriyarsu ga tasiri daban-daban. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi abin sha mai kyau daga wannan iri-iri.
Dasa innabi ya kamata ya fara ko dai a spring ko kaka. Babban yanayin a cikin bazara ya zama kyakkyawar yanayin dumi na ƙasa kuma ya kasance mai dumi da zazzabi mai iska, kuma a cikin kaka - farkon farkon sanyi, don haka shuka daji zai iya daidaitawa sosai ga abubuwan waje.
A cikin sharuddan ripening Chardonnay za a iya danganta shi zuwa farkon maki, kawai 130 - 150 days batun CAT 2800 C - 3200 C.
Vine na balaga ta tsakiyar watan Satumba. Saboda haka, don dasa shuki ya fi dacewa da zaɓin yankuna tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma da kuma ruwan sama mai zurfi a cikin kaka, in ba haka ba za a lalata itacen inabi ta hanyar ragowar ruwa.
Don jinkirta jinkirin, a wasu yankuna, Ana saran itacen inabi bayan kodan ya karawannan yana haifar da wani damuwa a cikin daji kuma tsawon kwanaki 14 yana raguwa da tsarin ripening bunch.
Chardonnay yana nufin nau'in inabi. Matsakaicin matsayi na berries shine game da 3g, kuma matsakaicin matsayi na bunch yana kimanin 180g. Yawan yawan furanni da ke da daji shine game da 52%.
Wines daga Chardonnay iri-iri suna da wadata a dandano da dandano. Dangane da hanyar shiri, za ku ga bayanin kula da zuma, vanilla, furen furanni, marzipan, pear, mango, abarba da ma honeysuckle. Ganin yawancin zinare a cikin ruwan inabi yana nuna inuwõyin hazelnut da 'ya'yan itace.
A lokacin dafa ruwan inabi a cikin sandunan itacen oak - a cikin dandano ji bayanin kula da man shanu, saboda canzawar malic acid a cikin buttery, da kuma toast. Gurasar 'yan sanda suna da fifiko ga yin irin wannan giya.
Nishaɗin abin sha yana dogara ne da wurin girma na itacen oak, da shekarunta da iri-iri, da kuma matakan gurasa. Don kara inganta dandano na giya, an kwantar da kwakwalwan itacen oak zuwa wort for fermentation.
Abincin da aka dafa shi suna shirye don cinyewa nan da nan, amma ya fi kyau su bar su a tsawon shekaru 5, amma ba fiye da 30 ba.
Wurin giya wanda yake cikin gilashin zai taimakawa da ƙanshin kirim mai tsami, hazelnuts da kayan yaji.
Tun da wannan nau'in yana buƙatar kyakkyawan ƙasa mai laushi, yana da muhimmanci don sanya wasu wurare fiye da sababbin bishiyoyi don dasa shuki don haka ya kamata a bude itacen inabi don hasken rana daga kowane bangare kuma kada a dasa shi da bishiyoyi ko itatuwa.
Don zaɓar wuri mai saukowa, yumbu, limstone ko ƙasa mai fatalwa. Lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin yankuna masu zafi, ruwan inabi daga Chardonnay ba su da kwarewa da lada, kuma idan berries sunyi cikakke a yanayin sanyi, abincin yana nuna babban acidity.
Tsarin sanyi na Chardonnay. Kayan inabi zasu iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi kamar low -20 ° C. Saboda haka, a yankunan arewacin ci gaba, ana kare wadannan inabi don hunturu, kuma a kudanci, sunyi sanyi sosai ba tare da rufi ba.
Wannan iri-iri ne wanda aka saba da shi a kowane yanayi, amma a ɗanɗanar game da ma'adinai na ƙasa. Idan ta kasance matalauta a abinci, ba zai sami sakamako mai kyau a kan ingancin inabin ba.
Abin baƙin ciki shine, Chardonnay yana da saukin kamuwa da cutar, mai launin toka, mai laushi da oidium, wanda ke ba da kariya ga itacen inabi. Har ila yau, mai saukin kamuwa da lalacewa ta hanyar ticks. Ganye na shuka daji yayi kyau. A samuwar da itacen inabi ne zai fi dacewa yi shtambovo, tare da babban wadata na perennial harbe. Pruning ne da za'ayi a kan 4 buds.
A innabi iri-iri "Bianca" ("Bianco")
Yawan nau'in innabi daga Hungary. Rigar sukari da acid a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne mai isa ga fasaha - 28-7%. Wannan ya sa iri-iri na Bianca iri-iri masu kyau don shirye-shiryen kowane giya na farin, daga kayan zaki mai dadi-daki don bushe tare da babban abun ciki na barasa.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da Bianca don shirya giya da kuma inabin vodka.
A kudancin Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus, an riga ya yiwu a fara dasa Bianca daga ƙarshen Maris. Babban yanayin ita ce kasar gona tana mai tsanani zuwa +8 ° C, kuma yawancin zafin jiki na yau da kullum yana zuwa +10 ° C. A tsakiyar tsakiyar, mafi kyau lokacin dasawa zai kasance tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon rabin May.
Lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin kaka, dole ne a yi la'akari da sauyin yanayi a yankin. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine Oktoba, lokacin da itacen inabi ya rigaya ya watsar da launi, kasar gona ba ta rigaya an rigaya ta yi sanyi ba kuma farkon sanyi yana da nisa.
A lokacin maturation Bianca ne farkon iri-iri. A Kuban, zaka iya girbi a watan Agusta.
A iri-iri Bianca yana da wani high high quality fruitfulness da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tare da ƙananan karamin karamin daji, ƙwayar haihuwa ita ce mafi girma kuma ya sa kashi 83 cikin dari na furanni. Tare da nisa mai yawa tsakanin bushes, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya rage ta sau 2.
Pulp Bianchi sosai mai dadi da m. Ayyukan halaye na ruwan inabi ya dace da cikakke, ya bambanta dangane da wurin girma kuma zai iya samun bayanin kula daga fure, ƙananan zuma ga zuma tare da tinge mai tsami.
A lokacin da dasa shuki Bianchi bushes za a iya sanya quite tam. A nesa tsakanin seedlings ne yarda 0.5-0.7m, kuma tsakanin layuka 1.5-2m. A wannan yanayin, ya fi kyau shuka shuka tare da cire wani karamin kwano. Irin wannan tsire-tsire mai karfi zai dauki 'ya'yan itace da kyau don shekaru 10-12.
Hanyar kulawa. Bianca kyau sanyi resistant iri-iri. Itacen inabi zai iya jurewa har zuwa - 27 C, wanda yake sauƙaƙan kula da inabõbi a lokacin hunturu. Ana iya lura da nauyin idanu a matsakaici (game da idanu 3 a lokacin ƙaddara). Wannan nau'i-nau'i yana da matukar damuwa ga mafi yawan cututtukan fungal, sabili da haka yana bukatar karamin magani.
"Regent" - mafi kyau iri na giya giya
Sauye-sauye ne na asali daga Jamus, inda aka bred a shekarar 1967. Differs a baki da purple launi na berries da kyau juiciness. A Jamus, an sanya giya na giya daga wannan innabi. Vine yana da karfi mai karfi. Clusters yin la'akari har zuwa 300g, cylindrical da matsakaici a size.
Babu amsar rashin daidaituwa ga tambayar lokacin da ya fi dacewa don shuka inabi. Amfani da dasa shuki a cikin bazara, lokaci ne mai tsawo don ƙarfafa seedling, musamman idan an kamuwa da mold ko rot.
Ana tsayar da tsire-tsire daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa farkon lokacin rani, dangane da yanayi a yankin. A lokacin dasa shuki, kakar girma tana da muhimmanci sosai, matsala ta adana shirye-shiryen da aka shirya har sai an shafe ruwan sanyi. Amma wajibi ne don ɗaukar matakai masu mahimmanci don tsara wani itacen inabi mai girma domin hunturu.
Bisa ga balaga, yana da nau'in iri-iri (game da kwanaki 135-140).
Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yawan yawan furanni da ke da daji har zuwa 80%, kuma yawan bunches da shoot shine 1.4.
A dandano na Regent berries ne jitu da na ganye bayanin kula. Daga cikinsu giya daga cikin manyan ɗalibai sun juya. Jamus sun sanya shi a kan matakin tare da Pinot Noir. Saboda yawan adadin tannins a cikin abin sha, Wuraren Regent suna da abincin kudancin arziki.
Pink - shahararrun ga ƙanshi na raspberries da 'ya'yan itatuwa rani, da kuma jan - launi mai duhu da yawa na sha. Dangane da shekarun tsufa, ingancin wannan giya ne kawai ya inganta.
Yanayin bayyane lokacin da dasa shukar inabi. Amma, duk da haka, yana da daraja a la'akari da yadda yanayin ruwan ƙasa yake a shafin kuma, idan ya cancanta, sa mai kyau malalewa zuwa kasa na saukowa rami.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi a yankunan kudancin yana saukowa a gefen, ko a kan gangara. Saboda haka, za a haskaka 'ya'yan inabi da hasken rana a ko'ina. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, ya fi kyau shuka itacen inabi kusa da bango.
Don haka 'ya'yan inabin su sami zafi mai zafi daga dutse mai tsanani. An yi amfani da wani daji don ƙara girma. Kyauta akan itacen inabi zai iya zama daga matsakaici zuwa babba.
Wannan nau'in innabi yana da matukar damuwa ga sanyi kuma tsayuwar yanayin hunturu har zuwa -27 ° C, wanda baya buƙatar ƙarin matakan tsaro a cikin fall.
Yana da kyau resistant zuwa mildew, launin toka launin toka, oidium, phylloxera. Akwai gonakin inabi inda Regent yayi girma ba tare da wani maganin cututtuka na kwari da cututtuka ba, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya samar da samfurori mai tsabta.
Har ila yau, yana da sha'awa a karanta game da mafi kyawun nau'in ruwan inabin ruwan inabi.
"Pinot Noir" - daya daga cikin iri iri
Kasashensa, kamar Chardonnay, Burgundy ne. Ƙwayar suna da ƙananan ƙananan, daga mita 7 zuwa 12, kuma daga 5 zuwa 8 cm a fadin, na siffar siffar cylindrical ko cylindrical.
A berries ne game da 15mm a diamita, duhu blue tare da bluish Bloom. Fata ne na bakin ciki, amma mai dacewa. Jiki yana da m, mai dadi da m. Juice ba shi da launi. A dandano ne mai sauki da kuma jitu.
Hanyoyin musamman na iri iri na Pinot Noir shine siffar ganye - an rarrabe su ta hanyar ƙuƙwalwa mai laushi da gefen gefen gefe.
Lokaci na dasa wannan iri-iri ba ya bambanta da sauran nau'in. Pinot Noir inabi zai iya zama ƙasa kamar bazara (Maris 15 - Mayu 15), don haka a cikin fall (karshen watan Satumba - farkon Nuwamba).
Wannan nau'in innabi shi ne jinsin marigayi. Tsawantaccen lokacin yana kimanin watanni biyar da rabi tare da SAT 3000 C. Tashin fasaha na wannan innabi ya zo ne daga ƙarshen Satumba.
Pinot Noir yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayin saukowa. Idan gonar inabin ta yi girma a cikin yanayi mai zafi, bunch din zai yi yaji sosai da sauri, ba tare da barin bouquet ya ci gaba ba.
Yawo Pinot baki ba high - kawai game da 55 c / ha. Amma, a ƙarƙashin sharaɗɗan sharaɗi da kulawa, zai iya isa 103 c / ha. Yawan yawan furanni a kanji yana daga 60 zuwa 90%. Yawan bunches akan fure mai ban sha'awa shine kimanin 1.6, kuma a kan samfurin bunkasa - 0.9.
Wannan nau'in innabi yana samar da farin farin ciki, rosé ko giya-giya - tebur da ƙyalƙyali, tare da haske ko arziki, ƙanshi ko fure. Ba zai yiwu ba har ma wani mai shan ruwan inabi mai dadi ya yi la'akari da irin wannan dandano zai sha, tun da wannan nau'in ya kasance maras tabbas.
A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, ana kiran 'ya'yan inabi na Pinot Noir kyauta, tare da dabara da ƙanshi. Su ne daya daga cikin giya mafi tsada tare da kyakkyawan daukan hotuna, don masu sanannen dandano.
Zabi lokaci, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yanayi na yankin da ingancin dasa kayan. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki, bayan ƙarshen lokacin da aka ba da shawarar, seedlings zasu ci gaba da rashin talauci da raguwa a ci gaba. Har ila yau, a lokacin da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa mai lakabi, 'ya'yan inabi zasu iya mutuwa.
Pinot baki ya haifar da mummunan ƙaurawa da rashin taimakosabili da haka, don sanya gonar inabinsa, yana da kyau a zabi kyawawan raguwa tare da ƙasa mai laushi maras nauyi.
Wannan nau'in innabi yana da ƙananan juriya ga mildew da oidium, da kuma launin toka mai launin toka da kuma tsutsaccen iri ne. Tare da shan kashi daga tushen phylloxera, itacen inabi ya mutu shekaru 6-8 bayan dasa, saboda haka, ana buƙatar wannan nau'in innabi don cututtuka da kwari.
Ba damuwa da sanyi ba (zai iya tsayayya har zuwa -20 ° C), amma idan akwai damun ruwa mai karfi, lalacewar babban alamar mai yiwuwa ne. A wannan yanayin, harbe na ci gaba ne daga maye gurbin buds. Wannan yanayin yana baka damar mayar da yawan amfanin ƙasa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin da pruning da itacen inabi ganye 2-3 peepholes.
"Saperavi" - tsohuwar nau'o'i ne daga sunada Georgia
Berries Saperavi matsakaici da kuma manyan size, dark blue tare da launin toka da fata fat. Fata ne na bakin ciki, kuma nama shine ruwan hoda mai m. Tsufa harbe mai kyau. Girman shuke-shuke sama da matsakaici. A matsakaici nau'in nau'in nauyi ne game da 150g. Ya na da kullun, wani lokaci wanda bai dace da shi ba, wanda ya haɗa shi ko abin da yake da shi.
Gishiri da ruwan inabi mai launi mai duhu yana da dandano mai ban sha'awa da dandano mai ban sha'awasabili da haka yana bukatar dogon ɗaukar hotuna.
Tun lokacin da ake amfani da irin wadannan iri-iri daidai lokacin da aka dasa su a yankuna masu dumi, a cikin bazara za'a iya dasa shi daga ƙarshen Maris, kuma a cikin fall - za a iya dasa shi daga watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba.
Yana nufin yawancin iri irisaboda kakar girma shine watanni 5. Lokacin daga farkon fashewar budu zuwa cikakken balagar berries a ƙarƙashin yanayin CAT na 3000 C shine kimanin kwanaki 150.
Sakamakon Saperavi shine 80-100 c / ha.
Ruwan 'ya'yan itace na farko sun ƙunshi nauyin acid mai yawan gaske, wanda ake adanawa a lokacin da ake da karfi da kuma tsufa, wanda ya ba da dandano mai kyau ga giya. Tare da dogon lokaci mai tsayi daga shekaru 5 zuwa 30, ingancin giya ya inganta. Ya fara bayyana dandano creamy, aromas na rasberi da dried 'ya'yan itace.
Ga Saperavi halayyar jimiri da iyawar girma a wurare daban-daban. Amma, kuma, ba ya jure wa fari da yankunan da ke da iska, ko ruwan kasa ko kasa. Shin, ba jure wa lokacin saukowa ba.
Ingancin giya daga Saperavi ya dogara ne bisa wurin ci gabanta. Sai kawai a cikin yanayin dumi na iya ɗanyun inabi su tara sukari. Idan an shuka wannan nau'in a yankuna mai sanyi, to, yana da kyau don amfani da shi a cikin haɗuwa don bada ruwan inabi kyakkyawar inuwa kuma ƙara yawan acidity tare da sauran nau'in.
Saperavi kyau resistant zuwa oidium, kuma yana da tsayayya sosai ga sauran cututtuka, don haka, yana buƙatar ƙarin magani. Musamman a lokacin tsawon ruwan sama daga kamuwa da cuta tare da launin toka. A dangane da juriya mai sanyi, shi ne shugaban tsakanin iri na Yammacin Turai, wanda babu shakka yana sauƙaƙe goyon baya.
