Vika - inji na iyalin legume, wanda ake kira wasu lokutan da ake shuka furanni. Zai iya girma kamar shuka mai daji a wuraren da ba a daskaba ba, kusa da gefen hanyoyi, kuma za'a iya amfani dasu azaman shuka. A cikin wannan akwati, Vika an fi sau da yawa don ciyar da dabba. Wannan abu yana maida hankalin yadda za a shuka shuke-shuke da aka horar da su.
Vic: bayanin da iri
Da farko, ya kamata ka fahimci abin da vetch yake, abin da ya kama da kuma abin da iri shi ya faru. Dangane da nau'in shuka zai iya zama mai kyau, kuma watakila shekara guda. Mai tushe na iya zama tsayayye, amma a wasu jinsunan da suke hawan, wanda ke jingina ga antennae. Ya kai ga tsawo na 20-100 cm. Yawancin ganye suna da haɓaka, tare da pinnate. Za'a iya ɗaukar nau'i na gas ko duk. Babban siffofin: nau'i-nau'i-nau'i, linzamin kwamfuta, oblong. Leaf axis kambi karfi gashin-baki.
Cibiyar Vika ta yi fure da farin, launin fari-fari, mai launin shuɗi ko furanni. Suna iya zama guda ɗaya, kuma za'a iya tattara su a bunches na furanni biyu ko uku. Corollas suna da siffar jirgin ruwa. Tsuntsaye suna da tsayi daidai tare da ganye ko kuma dan kadan ya wuce su. Furanni sun bayyana a watan Yuni kuma suna riƙe har sai Agusta. Bayan flowering, ganyayyun wake-wake suna fitowa, wanda zai iya zama nau'in nau'in nau'i, nau'i-nau'in iri-iri, gemu. Rhizome na shuka an rabu da shi, mai mahimmanci. Yana tasowa cikin ciki kuma yana iya samun isasshen kayan abinci.
A akalla, akalla nau'i nau'in nau'in Peas da aka sani cewa suna girma a gabashin Afrika, Amurka ta Kudu, da Turai. Wadannan su ne albarkatu, da kayan lambu da kayan ado. Wani jinsin Vicia faba, wanda aka sani da itacen wake ne, an horar da shi a Mexico, Thailand, da Sin a matsayin kayan lambu don amfani da abinci. Vika shuka ko na kowa Vicia sativa L ya samo tartsatsi a cikin latitudes. Yana da ja-blue mai tushe, zagaye launin ruwan kasa wake da kuma ƙaddara launin toka launin toka. Yana da wani creeping shuka cewa kai 110 cm a tsawon. A kan rassan suna girma da gashin tsuntsu da nau'i na nau'i 5-8.
Winter vetch - wani nau'in shuka, wanda ya bambanta ta hanyar girkewa da fari. Abubuwan da ke gina jiki sune daidai da alfalfa, saboda haka an yi amfani da ciyawa ciyawa, hay, haylage, fodder fure, farkon silage. Yawancin na kowa a cikin raƙumanmu shine bazara. Wannan shitch itace tsire-tsire mai gina jiki, sabili da haka ya samo aikace-aikace a aikin noma kamar ciyawa. 123 g na gina jiki a kowace kilogiram na 100 na busassun wuri. Daga cikin nau'in halitta, Vika Kashubian (Vicia cassubica L., wanda yake na kowa a Scandinavia da Tsakiya na Turai) ya fi dacewa ya ambata. suna da siffar mai kyau ko tsalle-tsalle.Dan daɗin furanni mai launin ja-furanni an tattara su a cikin rassan axillary peduncles na 10-15 guda. Ganye yana da juriya, rashin yanayin zafi har zuwa -29 ° C.
Vicia cracca L., ko linzamin motsi, ke tsiro a Amurka da Eurasia. Kayan daji ya kai kimanin 180 cm. An ajiye ganye a haɗe a cikin gajeren ratsin gaji, an kafa wani sashin reshe a wani gefe. Stipules sun yi girma har zuwa centimeter a tsawon. Shafuka suna da kimanin 0.6 cm fadi kuma 3 cm tsawo kuma suna girma 6-15 nau'i-nau'i a tsawon, linear-lanceolate. Ana tattara furanni masu haske da haske mai launin shuɗi ko mulufi a cikin gogewar axillary na 1-30 guda. Rim na girma zuwa 1.3 cm cikin tsawon. Flowering yana daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. An dauke shi zuma mai kyau. Gwanaye girma zuwa 2 cm a tsawon, suna da siffofi mai zurfi, oblong-rhombic siffar. A shuka kuma sanyi sanyi. 
Daga cikin nau'ikan iri iri na shuka, ya kamata a lura da Vika Fencing (Vicia sepium L.), kwatancin abin da yake kama da nau'in da suka gabata. Abinda ya bar yayi girma 3-9 nau'i-nau'i, kuma fure-fure-fure-fure an tattara su a cikin goge na 2-6 guda. Flowering yana daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. A cikin gidajen Aljannah, su ma suna girma guda guda guda biyu (Vicia unijuga A. Braun). An kafa tsirrai mai tushe zuwa 70 cm a tsawo. Kwayoyin Parotid suna da guda biyu kawai. Bright blue ko furanni furanni har zuwa 1.5 cm a tsawon suna tattara a cikin Multi-flower goge. Flowering yana daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne danda, lebur. Tsarin zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -18 ° C.
Yadda za a shuka Vika
Ko da yake vetch vetch da yawa iri, kula da su ne game da wannan. Amma kwanan shuke-shuke ya bambanta dangane da irin shuka.
Yakin kwanakin
A matsayin doka ta gaba, idan an shuka shuka a hatsi ko don ciyarwa, dasa shi a cikin Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Yi wannan tare da wasu tsire-tsire don nutsar da girma daga weeds. Don kaka yana ciyar da shi an dasa shi a filin gona bayan girbi hatsin rai a Yuli. An dasa Vika don hunturu a cikin marigayi Agusta, sa'an nan kuma a lokacin bazara sai ta fara girma kafin dasa shuki tumatir da barkono.
Yana da muhimmanci! An bada shawarar shuka shuka tare da wasu tsire-tsire: masara, sunflower, alkama, hatsi, sha'ir. Har ila yau, yana rage abun ciki na vicinin da kuma kusa da alkaloids a cikin shuka, wanda ya ba shi dadi mai kyau.
Shirye-shiryen dasa shuki
A shuka propagates da tsaba, wanda aka sown zuwa zurfin game da 2 cm. Yanayin jere ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da minti 10. Duk da haka, sabili da dasawar tsire-tsire ba zai zama muni ba. Yana girma da kyau a hade tare da cruciferous. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara su sauka a cikin sashin lambobi. A kan saƙaƙan ƙasa yana da muhimmanci don shuka game da kilogiram na 2 na tsaba.
Yana da muhimmanci! An ba da shawarar shuka a shuka sabo, in ba haka ba zai iya tallafawa. Wannan ya rage girman sa.
Na farko harbe ya kamata ya bayyana makonni biyu bayan shuka, kuma daga rana ta biyar sprouts fara reshe. Fusho na farko sun bayyana a cikin wata daya kuma suna iyakacin wata daya. A karshen flowering game da makonni hudu daga bisani tsaba sun fara. Ya danganta da iri-iri, kakar girma yana daga 70 zuwa 120 days.
Yadda za a magance Vika
Vika na buƙatar ba kawai saukowa na musamman ba, amma kuma kulawa. Da zarar farawa na farko sun bayyana, ana bada shawarar shukawa don ciyarwa. Ya kamata cin abinci na gaba ya faru a yayin da aka fara samun buds. A wannan mataki, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da Vika don ɓoyewa da ɓoye a cikin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne mafi yawa ana aikata ta cultivator. Dole ne a haɗa da taron tare da ciyarwa akai-akai. Trimming an yi sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a kowace kakar. Wannan yana taimakawa shuka don bunkasa mafi kyau kuma yana cika da juices.
Da farko, ya kamata a shayar da shuka idan an buƙata, amma da zaran lokacin da aka fara farawa, sai a ƙara yawan ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan kuma ya kamata a yi tare da hankali, tun lokacin da kullun yake girma a hankali a kan ƙasa mai ƙwaƙwalwa.
Ganye ba shi da bukatun musamman ga ƙasa, zai iya zama maras tabbas, amma zai fi dacewa haske. Mafi mahimmanci, Vika tana jin dadi a cikin alli. Ganye ba shi da sha'awa ga kwari kuma ba a cikin cututtuka masu tsanani. Wasu lokuta a lokacin busassun lokaci ana iya kai hari ta aphid.
Ana tsarkake wiki don hay
Idan an dasa shuka a kan abinci, to, lokacin dacewa don yin yanka zai zama lokacin da ake samar da 'ya'yan itace. A wannan lokaci, abubuwan da ake kira ash, sunadarai da sauran abubuwa masu amfani suna mayar da hankali cikin stalks da ganye.
Shin kuna sani? Kafin mowing, bincika ko shuka ba ta dafa ko ta fadi. A wannan yanayin, shanu suna ci shi ba tare da dadi ba. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan ciya mara kyau ga madara shanu, da kuma shanu zai iya haifar da zubar da ciki.
Yadda ake samun sakonnin wiki
Lokacin da kimanin 70-80% na 'ya'yan wiki suka zama launin ruwan kasa, lokaci ne da za a tattara tsaba. Zuwa kashi 10 na tsire-tsire na tsaba za a iya cirewa a kowace hectare na ƙasar. Idan kun kalla wannan lokaci kuma ku tattara tsaba daga bisani, za'a iya rage yawan wannan adadi. Ƙaramin 'ya'yan itace masu girma sunyi sauƙi, musamman a yanayin rana, wanda ya sa tsaba su fada ƙasa. Idan kun tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa a baya, za ku sami kayan shuka na digiri daban-daban na balaga.
An raba shi zuwa cikin digiri na gaba:
- kiwo - 'ya'yan itatuwa ne kore;
- Milky-kakin zuma - kore-launin ruwan kasa;
- daji - launin ruwan kasa da wuya;
- full - launin ruwan kasa tare da waxy Bloom, wuya.
Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin iri ba zasu iya ci gaba ba, amma ingancin su yana fama sosai. Suna da isasshen ƙaddamar da abubuwa masu amfani, sabili da haka germination na amfrayo ba kullum ci nasara ba ne. Bayan sun tattara tsaba, dole ne a bushe su kuma su zama masu tsabta. Don yin wannan, an ajiye su a wuri mai dumi, an kare su daga hasken rana. Idan tsawon lokacin girbi na girbi zai ci gaba da watanni 1-3, za ku iya cimma matsayi mafi girma na germination.
Amfani masu amfani na wiki (don ƙasa)
Babban kayan amfani na shuka shi ne cewa yana tara nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Wannan injin yana godiya ga yawan adadin kwayoyin tuberous dake rayuwa a kan rhizome. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Vika makwabci ne mai kyau don shuke-shuke da ke buƙatar ƙara yawan abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa.
Shin kuna sani? Sau da yawa ana shuka shuka don taki. Don wannan tushen shuka iri iri an haxa shi da mustard.
Daga cikin wasu kaddarorin masu amfani masu daraja suna lura da:
- kyakkyawan ƙasa ƙuƙuwa saboda wani branched da zurfin tsarin tsarin;
- kare ƙasa;
- inganta microflora;
- nutsar da weeds;
- kasancewa kyakkyawan tsire-tsire na zuma, yana janyo hankalin kwari masu yawa waɗanda ke da kyau da kuma gurgunta su.
Kamar yadda kake gani, Vika wani kyakkyawan tsirrai ne mai mahimmanci. Yana da amfani ga share yankin daga weeds, girma abinci ga dabbobi, kuma baicin, yana da babban ado darajar. A cikin kulawa da peas ne undemanding. Dole ne a shayar da shi sosai, amma ba a cika ba, sau da yawa ana ciyar da shi, an gyara shi kuma an cire shi daga shafin a lokaci.
