Wadannan 'ya'yan itace ne masu shahararrun duniya.
Gwaninta mai dadi na cike da vanilla, mai ƙanshi mai santsi da santsi, mai haske yana nuna bambanci Jonathan a tsakanin sauran iri.
An samar da shi a cikin babban kundin, wanda ya sa ya zama baƙo a kan ƙananan mu.
Yawancin masana'antu sun zabi irin wannan nau'i na juices da jams saboda dandano. Apple Jonathan, cikakken bayaninsa da hoto - a cikin labarinmu.
Wane irin ne?
Jonathan - iri-iri tsakiyar kaka maturation.
A wata hanya dabam, an kira shi: Khoroshavka ne hunturu, Winter ja, Oslamovskoye.
Bishiyoyin Apple na wannan iri-iri suna shahara akan North Caucasus da kuma a cikin ƙasa Of Ukraine. A cikin dumi yanayin zafi da m winters, apples suna da lokaci zuwa ripen da kyau.
Ga 'yanci na arewacin, wadannan itatuwan sanyi hardy isa - kyauta itace. Jonathan na da kyau don samar da apples in kundin masana'antu.
Kwayoyin kaka sun hada da: kayan zaki Petrova, Dogon (Kitaika), Zhigulevskoe, Imrus, Kalvil snow, Matsayi, Tsammani, Young Naturalist, Kyauta ga lambu, Pepin Saffron, Freshness, Scala, Ural girma, Fitilar.
Ruwan jini
Jonathan Jonathan - kai kai tsayeamma ba tare da pollinators za su zama mafi muni.
Wadannan iri suna da kyau a matsayin pollinators: Mekintosh, Melba, Simirenko, Rennet shampagne, Welsey, Idared.
Shuka daya daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in kusa da itacen apple Jonathan, idan ba ta girma a cikin makircin kusa ba. Idan babu damar da za ta dasa bishiyoyi da yawa daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in, da kuma adanawa a cikin kambi.
Bayyana iri-iri Jonathan
Ka yi la'akari da bambancin apple da 'ya'yan itace.
Girman girma bishiyoyi matsakaitakambin yana da cikakken zagaye fadi mai fadi. Rashin rassan ya fita daga gangar jikin a wani kusurwa mai tsayi, yawancin kambi yana da matsakaici.
Branches karkashin nauyin cikakke yawancin yawanci sauko ƙasa. Ganye suna da matsakaici a cikin girman, dan kadan a kan gefuna, farfajiyar takarda ba matte ba ne. Girman pubescence daga cikin ganyayyaki yana ba da kambi mai laushi.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu yawa, m, m fata. Matsakaicin nauyin apple shine 100-150 grams. Babban launi na fatar jikin kore ne, rashawa mai zurfi ne kuma wani lokaci yana rufe dukkanin 'ya'yan itace.
Fatar jiki yana da bakin ciki sosai, amma yana da kyau kuma yana kare 'ya'yan itace daga lalacewar injiniya. Apples ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau na tsawon lokaci kuma suna dacewa da sufuri.
A lokacin lokacin girbi, nama yana da farin tare da tudu, amma a cikakke 'ya'yan itace yana da haske. A cikin Mai ɗanɗana mai dadi kuma mai dadi ba kusan bambanci ba.
A kan sikelin 5, Jonathan yana bugawa 4.5 maki. Apples suna da kyau a cikin sabo ne kuma don dafa abinci da kuma jams. Kasuwanci, ana amfani da su da yawa don samar da kayan foda da kayan aikin ruwan inabi.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
Wannan na da apple iri-iri Jonatan ya zo mana daga Arewacin Amirkainda aka bred a farkon karni na 19 ta hanyar zabi ta apple Aesop kuma Spitzenburg (a halin yanzu ba mashahuri ba).
Bisa ga juyi na biyu, ana kiran sautin bayanan Jonathan hingley. Matarsa Rachel hingley ya kawo sabon nau'i daga iri-iri na haɗin gwiwar Connecticut don amfani da cider.
Dangane da kayan, Jonatan ya shafe fiye da nau'in arba'in, a cikinsu akwai sanannun su Jonagold, Jonared, Firayim, McFrey da sauransu.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
An fara aiki tare da kayan da aka samar a Ohio (Amurka). Yanayin jihar yana da kyau a cikin hunturu yawan zazzabi yana saukad da ƙasa a ƙasa -1 digiri, zafi yana zafi.
Saboda haka, wadannan itatuwan apple ba su jure wa tsauraran sanyi ba, suna buƙatar yanayin da ke kusa da asalin girma.
Tun 1954 Ana kwashe itatuwan apple na Jonathan Ukraine. A ƙasar Rasha kawai ke tsiro North Caucasus.
Wadannan iri suna dace da dasa shuki a cikin wannan yankin: Golden Delicious, Augusta, Papirovka, Malinovka, Belifleur Kitayka, Yandykovskoe, Starkrimson, Spartan, Prima, Uslada, Yuzhny, Quinti, Koriya, Cinnamon, Amazing.
Yawo
Apple itatuwa Kullunba girbi a shekara ta 6da wuya a 4-5. Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin uku na 'ya'yan itace an daura shi (tare da bazawar kyauta). Kowace shekara yawan aiki ke tsiro; matasa apple itatuwa ba kimanin kilo 20 na 'ya'yan itace.
Bishiyoyi da suka kai shekaru 10 ko fiye suna samar da yawan amfanin gona na shekara 30-40 kilo.
Kowace samfurin ta doke rikodi a cikin 300 - 400 kg!
Lokacin girbi - daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Ana iya adana 'ya'yan Jonathan har zuwa Maris a kan yanayin ajiya a ɗakin cellars na musamman, amma sau da yawa za su dakatar da lalacewa kuma a rufe su da ruwan sanyi.
Jonathan ya ajiye a cikin firiji har zuwa tsakiyar-may.
Kyakkyawan yanayin zazzabi yana da digiri 2-3 a sama da sifilin.
Ana adana apples a pallets, wanda aka shafe kafin a aika su a firiji.
A wani zafi na 90 -95% 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sun zama m kuma basu rasa ƙarancin fata.
Mafi girman yawan zafin jiki na ajiya, da sauri da girke 'ya'yan itace zai faru, don haka idan kana so ka adana apples har sai bazara, zaɓi ajiya a yanayin sanyi.
Idan apples suna da ripen by hunturu ko farkon spring, ana iya adana a waje da firiji a cikin ƙananan trays.
Dasa da kulawa
Sakamakon daidai zai dace da gonaki a cikin wani lambu mai zaman kansa, da kuma yin amfani da kayan kasuwanci.
Kafin dasa shuki itace a kan wannan mãkirci, Tabbatar cewa yanayi bai dace ba a yankinku.
A cikin yankunan arewacin lokacin girbi zai motsa daga Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.
Jonathan seedlings ne mafi alhẽri saya a cikin na musamman nurseries.
Mafi girman girman girman sapling shine santimita 80.
Mafi kyaun lokacin shuka shi ne bazara.amma ba a farkon fiye da tsakiyar watan Afrilu.
Abincin Apple Jonathan Gold ya sauka a nesa da mita 3 daga juna.
Yaran matasan suna buƙatar kariya daga hasken rana da iska - inuwa su da rassan ko zane.
Itacen yana tasowa sosai da hasken rana, ba ya son shading. Ƙasa fi so loamy ko yashi.
Idan kun shirya girbi girbin girbi daga itacen bishiya, ku tabbata cewa ƙasa ƙasa ce. A kan ƙasa mara kyau, apples za su raguwa da kuma mummunan riƙe a kan rassan.
Idan ƙasar da Jonatan ke tsiro ba ta da kyau, karin abinci yana da bukata. A lokacin lokacin fari Buƙatar ƙarin watering.
M spring pruning na apple itatuwa. Bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da aka saya a cikin gandun daji, ba kawai a shekara ta biyu.
Cututtuka da kwari
Da iri-iri ne kusan rinjaye ga scab, ba za ku iya ji tsoron wannan cuta. Babban matsaloli na Jonathan iri-iri - daskare itaces da powdery mildew.
Frozen old itace take kaiwa zuwa scabs da tsatsa, sabili da haka lokacin da aka kwatanta hunturu mai sanyi, daɗa karamin itace.
Kyakkyawan dacewa Yanke wani reshe na itacen coniferousda kuma reed.
Ruwan Mealy zai iya hana ku girbi.Saboda haka, rigakafin rigakafi na wannan cuta ta fungal wajibi ne.
Taimaka fungicide spraying (madaidaicin mita sau 3 ta rani). Ta hanyar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da gwaninta da phosphate da takin mai magani, za ku sa bishiya ta karfi kuma ku shawo kan cutar.
Idan ka sami alamun kamuwa da cuta akan bishiyoyin apple, zai taimaka spraying oxychloride jan ƙarfe, manganese bayani, sabulu bayani tare da soda ash.
Tsarin irin wannan hanya - kowace rana 3-4 har sai an gama kawar da alamun cutar.
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka itatuwan apple na Jonatan, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki zasu zama sakamako mai kyau.
A wasu yanayi masu girma, itatuwan apple naka zasu samar da girbi mai yawa don shekaru masu yawa.
Dubi bidiyo game da fatal mildew da yadda za a magance shi.
