Sunan iri-iri yayi magana akan kanta, apples din suna ci gaba da dandanowa har sai Afrilu.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne suka kasance masu nasara a dandalin kasa da kasa a Jamus.
Shuka wani apple itace iri-iri Afrilu a kan faren rana na lambun, da 'ya'yan itatuwa za su yi farin ciki da ku da launin fata, masu launin fure. Sai kawai Kada ka manta ka kula da ita. Sa'an nan kuma za ka iya karanta bayanin irin nau'ikan, wane nau'in kula da apple iri-iri Afrilu na buƙata kuma ganin hoto na 'ya'yan itace.
Wane irin ne?
Afrilu yana nufin hunturu iri yankunan kudancin yankin tsakiyar yankin Turai na Rasha.
Frost juriya na apple itatuwa ba kullum isa. don girma a tsakiyar layi, inda a cikin itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tsanani zasu iya daskare dan kadan.
Har ila yau, yanayin hunturu ya kasance cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar jarumi, lokacin Isetsky, Rennet Chernenko, Jubilee ta Jubilee da Winter Beauty.
Ruwan jini
Apple itatuwa rashin kaifin kai. Mafi kyawun pollinators ga wannan iri-iri: Rossoshanskoe Polosatoe, Northern Sinap, Cherry. Don cin nasarar zabe da kuma samun girbi mai kyau, ana shuka itatuwan apple a nesa babu fiye da 50 m daga juna.
Ana bada shawara don samun shafin akalla uku bishiyoyin apple na iri iri-iri. An yi imanin cewa magudi da cakuda pollen yana kara yawan amfanin ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da pollinating pollen daga bishiyoyi na iri iri.
Bayyana safi Afrilu
Ka yi la'akari da bambancin apple da 'ya'yan itace.
Bishiyoyi babba. Young apple kambi ƙananan pyramidal, daga bisani ya zama ƙarami da yawa, siffar fariya-pyramidal. Crohn ba bambanci ba ne. Ƙananan rassan haske na launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka umurce shi a wata muni. Harbe suna da launi mai laushi mai duhu, lokacin farin ciki, tare da gwiwoyi, mai laushi. A kan naman da ke nuna launin launin toka.
Ganye suna haske ne, maras ban sha'awa, marubuta. Yawan iri-iri yana da girman babban ganye, wanda yana da siffar mai girma tare da babban bent tip da wani tushe mara kyau.
Ƙananan ganye suna bicuspid tare da fadi, ƙananan cloves, wasu lokuta a ƙarshen leaf da gefuna an ɗauka kaɗan. Bugu da ƙari, farfajiyar ganye suna ɗakin kwana, wanda aka rufe da wrinkles mai kyau saboda rashin tausayi na veins.
A wasu lokuta, akwai wani ɗan haushi. A kan harbe, rassan ganye suna da tsayi, in mun gwada da dogon lokaci, suna fadada a wani kusurwa na 60-70º.
Ƙananan ganye na stalk suna a kwana 90 na. Tasirin jirgin ya ɓace daga harbe, kuma an cire ganyayyaki kadan akan petiole. Wannan ganye yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Buds babba, mai girma, a cikin nau'i mai mahimmanci.
Ɗaukar shekara daya ba reshe. A cikin ɗakunan ajiya, itatuwan apple suna da tsayi, tare da ƙwanƙwasa masu tsinkaye da yawa tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin launin toka.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari babban girman (nauyi kai 200 g), conical ko flat-rounded. Ribar ya fi sananne a cikin yanki.
A saucer ne kunkuntar, amma zurfi. Saitunan suna ƙananan, bude ko rufewa. Jigun hanji ne ƙananan kuma kunkuntar. A tushe ne dogon kuma lokacin farin ciki.
Zuciyar tana da siffar albasa kuma an canja shi zuwa saman 'ya'yan itacen. Ƙananan ɗakin ɗakin suna samuwa a ƙasa na zuciya. An rufe ko kuma buɗe ɗakin a cikin gado.
Ƙaƙwalwar maɗaukaki kanta ma ƙananan ne. Kwafin ƙwararren ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin nau'i mai nau'i.
Kwaran 'ya'yan itace santsi ne kuma m. Babban launi na apples ne kore ko greenish-yellow.
Very kyau launi launi: mai haske, cikakke mai launi mai launin fata, yana da ƙananan ɓangare na apple surface kuma yana bayyana a cikin rukunin rana na 'ya'yan itace.
Da karin haske 'ya'yan itace na karɓa, haske ya fi canza launin; zurfi a cikin kambi apples paler.
Turawa tare da gwaninta, mai laushi, mai laushi kuma mai yawa a daidaito. Apples wannan iri-iri sosai m, aromatic, da dadi da kuma m kayan zaki dandano.
Hanyoyin apples suna iya faranta maka rai tare da dandano mai girma: Orlovsky majalisa, Ekranny, Bolshoy Narodnoe, Orlinka da Aromatny.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
An samo bishiyar Apple Afrilu Rossoshansky tashar 'ya'yan itace (yanzu Rossoshansky Zonal Experimental Station), bred by hybridization na Rossoshansky da Amurka irin Mekintosh.
Marubucin na iri-iri ne mai shahararren makiyayan Soviet M. M. Ulyanischev. An bayar da lambar zinare na Afrilu a kan Exhibition International Erfurt a shekarar 1969.
Ƙasar girma
Dangane da irin matsakaicin matsakaiciyar hunturu. Babban yankin ci gaba Central Chernozem tsirimafi yawan yawa a cikin yankunan Tambov da Voronezh.
A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya don yawan 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin damuwa ƙila ba zafin zafi ba.
Apple itace Afrilu za a iya girma cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow da kuma a yankunan makwabta amma Tsarin sanyi na tsire-tsire bishiyoyi ne maras kyau.
Don dasa shuki a cikin wannan yanki, wadannan nau'o'in apple iri suna da kyau: Idared, Gala, Winter Hrusovka, Stroevsky da Sunny.
Yawo
Kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace fruiting iri-iri: na farko da yawan amfanin ƙasa don shekaru 4-6. Yawan amfanin ƙasa shine shekara-shekara, matsakaici. A cewar wasu bayanan (G.A. Lobanov, 1971), itacen apple na Afrilu ya fi varietal iri-iri kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Apple itatuwa yafi kai 'ya'yan itace a tsawon' ya'yan itace da rassan. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ya fara fitowa ta ƙarshen shekaru goma na watan Satumba.
Don adana apples cire daga itacen tare da stalks, ƙoƙari Ka guji rauni na fata. Ana rarrabe 'ya'yan itatuwa da girman kuma an sanya su a cikin kwalaye na katako wanda aka adana a cikin cellar ko ginshiki.
A yanayin sanyi, ana iya adana apples har zuwa Afrilu ba tare da hasara ba, wanda ya bayyana sunan iri-iri.
Hanyoyin masu girma suna iya fariya irin su: Bogatyr, Bryansk zinariya, Volzhanka, Jonathan da Zavetny.
Dasa da kulawa
Irin nau'in Apple na wannan hasken rana, don haka ya kamata ka zaɓi wurare tare da isasshen haske don dasa shuki. Ana gudanar da sakawa a cikin bazara ko kaka bisa ga ka'idodin dokoki.
Distance tsakanin bishiyoyi a gonar ya zama ba kasa da 4-6 m kuma ba fiye da 50 m ba don yin tasiri.
Don sayan seedlings ya kamata a cikin gidajen kurkuku a wurin zama, yana da tabbacin cewa itace apple yana dace da yanayin gida.
Ƙananan ƙaramin seedling, mafi kyau. Yana da kyau idan an rushe itacen a daidai lokacin saya: wannan hanya zaka iya tabbatar cewa an girma a wannan ɗakin ajiya.
Kafin daukar nauyin tushen, kunsa su da gansakuka, zane mai laushi ko takarda kuma kunsa su a cikin kunshi filastik don adana laima. Lokacin sayen sapling a cikin akwati, duba shi daga ƙasa kuma ka tabbata cewa akwai bayyane matasa.
Don ci gaban ci gaba da yawan itatuwan apple m neutral, da kyau-hadu kasa arziki a potassium da kwayoyin halitta. Ya kamata kasar gona ta kasance da tsabta. An shirya wurin zama na seedling a gaba.
Idan kasar gona mai kyau ce, ana shuka itatuwan cikin rami, kuma a kan loam, yashi loam, chernozem ya isa ya cire saman Layer na ƙasa da kuma yin ciki na 15-20 cm.
A kan yashi ƙasa zai zama wajibi a shirya babban rami mai zurfi kusan 80 cm zurfi saka a ciki gansakuka don riƙe dashi da kayan abincisa'an nan kuma rufe da ƙasa mai kyau.
Shuka seedlings samar shekara ta gaba Har ila yau ana buƙatar yi wani ma'adinai mai mahimmanci.
Organic taki kuma amfani da yashi, yashi da podzolic kasa. takin ko taki.
Ka tuna cewa kayan ma'adinai na ma'adinai da sabo ne ba za a iya amfani dashi a lokacin dasa ba, kamar yadda zasu iya haifar da konewa.
Clay, peat, da kuma wuraren da aka yi da rigar da ke kusa da ruwa ba su dace da itatuwan apple. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, babban tsauni an shirya don saukowa.
Dasa seedlings da za'ayi tare da tsaka, wanda aka kore zuwa tsakiyar dasa rami. Tushen seedling a hankali yada a kan peg kuma hankali yayyafa ƙasa. Ya fi dacewa don yin shi tare.
Kada ku dasa itacen sosai da zurfi, wannan zai rasa ci gabanta kuma zai iya haifar da mutuwa. Ƙaƙashin wuyansa ya kamata a located 3-5 cm sama da matakin kasa.
Bayan dasa shuki seedling sako-sako da an daura da shi. Daga bisani, bayan da ƙasa ta ragu, an dasa itacen a hankali, mafi kyau tare da taimakon kwasho uku. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki da seedling wajibi ne yalwa da ruwa (bugun ruwa na ruwa 1-2), ko da a cikin ruwan sama. Saboda wannan dalili, tare da gefen rami suna yin rami.
Ana buƙatar itatuwan Apple, musamman matasa Bukatar bukatun yau da kullum. Don ci gaba da yin amfani da laima Ƙasa ta cinye tare da sawdust, haushi, dung ko fim din baki.
Spring apple itacen Trunks Whiten don rigakafin kunar rana a jiki.
Mafi yawa Yana da muhimmanci a kan bishiyoyi masu tsayi. A cikin bazara, a lokacin pruning, an cire rassan rassan: yayin da aka kwarara ruwan itace, mai tsanani ya lalata itace ba wanda ake so ba, tun lokacin da yake gudu daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace zai iya haifar da bushewa daga cikin rassan.
Formation na kambi ne mafi alhẽri yi a cikin fall bayan karshen fruiting. A lokacin kaka pruning kashe rage da thinning na rassan. An cire rassan rassan.
Yanke wani ɓangare na harbe da ke tsoma baki tare da juna, kawar da ragowar sassa na kambi.
A general mulki a lokacin da pruning: cire gasar tare da tsakiya na tsakiya, a tsaye girma rassan, barin a kwance. Sashe suna rufe tare da filin farar lambu.
Ba'a daɗaɗa ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa pruning ba, kamar yadda yake fama da itacen kuma yana kaiwa ga ƙãra girma na matasa harbe.
Cututtuka da kwari
A cikin rigar shekaru apple iri mai saukin kamuwa zuwa scab.
Don hana cututtuka, ana dasa bishiyoyi a iyakar nisa daga juna, don hana thickening na kambi. Dole ne a cire matattun cututtuka nan da nan kuma a ƙone su.
Domin rigakafi da magani na scab amfani da kwayoyi na musamman, spraying Bordeaux cakuda. Tare da daban-daban masu fadi An yi nasarar amfani da fasahar halittu na sabuwar tsara "Aljanna mai lafiya", "Laya", "Zircon".
Suna ƙara juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa scab, kazalika da powdery mildew, kare kariya da kwari kuma basu da lahani ga mutane.
Shawara kauce wa yin amfani da kwayoyin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, wanda aka haramta yawancin su don amfani da gidaje kusa da su, ciki har da mãkircin gonar.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a kula da shan matakan da aka yi amfani da su na kwari ta apple orchards, irin su 'ya'yan itace bambaro, maniyyi apple asu, apple asu, silkworms da haws.
Saboda matsanancin hunturu na hunturu, nau'in Afrilu yafi dacewa don girma a yankunan kudancin tsakiyar Rasha.
Abubuwan da ke cikin wadannan nau'o'in sune mahimmanci sosai ga jiki mai tausayi, dandano mai kyau da kyakkyawar gabatarwa, wanda shine mahimmancin irin nau'ikan Rossoshansky.
Wani amfani na watan Afrilu na dogon lokaci Rayayyun rayuwar 'ya'yan itace - har zuwa Afrilu. Wadannan rashin amfani sun hada da haɓakaccen lokacin farawa na 'ya'yan itace, matsanancin ƙwayar cuta, da kuma sauƙi ga scab.
Dubi bidiyo akan yadda za a yi ruwa na Bordeaux.
