Girma tafarnuwa spring: dokoki da dabaru

Tafarnuwa yana daya daga cikin kayan amfanin gona mafi mashahuri a duniya. Ya yadu cikin bukatar ba kawai a dafa abinci ba, har ma da maganin gargajiya. Yana da wuya a sami maɓallin lambun inda ba za a yi girma ba. Kula da amfanin gona bashi da wahala. Yawancin lambu, zaɓi tsakanin hunturu da tafarnuwa bazara, sun fi son na biyu. Wannan zabin yana jan hankalin su da ingancin tsarewa mafi kyau.

Menene tafarnuwa bazara

Ana bambanta nau'ikan tafarnuwa biyu - bazara da hunturu. Dukkan zaɓuɓɓuka suna da fa'idodin su, amma na farko ya fi ƙarfin farashi don ƙananan filayen filaye, na biyu kuma ga manyan gonaki. Yawan amfanin tafarnuwa hunturu yana kan matsakaiciyar ƙima, kwararan fitila sun fi girma, amma bazara tana da koshin lafiya. Rarrabe su yana da sauƙi.

Tebur: yadda zaka bambance tafarnuwa spring daga hunturu

Hoto: bazara da tafarnuwa hunturu

Bidiyo: yadda ake bambance tafarnuwa spring daga hunturu

Sanannun nau'ikan tafarnuwa na bazara tare da hoto

Zabi bai tsaya cak ba. Da farko, tafarnuwa mai saukar ungulu a Rasha ta kasance shukar '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' amma 'yanzu an sami nasarar girma a yawancin yankuna, tunda yana da damar ƙara ƙarfin sanyi. Akwai nau'ikan musamman takamaiman don takamaiman yankuna. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana iya ƙaddara wannan da suna - Leningrad, Moscow, Cheboksary da sauransu.

Hanyoyin ruwan tafarnuwa iri ɗaya:

• Abrek. Babu hani akan yankin girma a cikin Rajistar Jiha na Stateungiyar Rasha. Da dama matsakaici ripening. Ganyen suna da tsayi (48-60 cm) an rufe shi da kauri mai kauri. Kwakwalwa slightlyan kadan ya ɓata, ɗayan girma (kai mai nauyin 26-30 g). Kowane yana da matsakaitan 15 cloves. Flakes da nama fararen fata ne. Bambanci a cikin kaifi na musamman na dandano. Daga 1 m², suna samun kusan 0.7 kilogiram na tafarnuwa, a cikin yanayin nasara musamman - har zuwa 1 kg. Mafi karancin rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni shida.
  

  Tafarnuwa Abrek - Kyakkyawan Bambancin

• Aleisky. Daban-daban na lokacin girbi, a shirye domin girbi a cikin kwanaki 110-125 bayan an dasa shuki. An haife shi a Siberiya, yana da tsayayya da yanayin farji da tsauraran yanayi. Ganyen suna da ƙasa (har zuwa 30 cm), don tafarnuwa bazara akwai ƙarancin su (guda 9-10). Kwakwalwa na zagaye ko dan kadan, ba su da nauyi 16-25 g a kowane ɗayan 18-20 cloves. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, crispy. Daga 1 m² cire har zuwa 1.5 kilogiram na kwararan fitila. Za a ci gaba da girbi ba tare da matsaloli ba har zuwa farkon damuna mai zuwa. A iri-iri ne kula high acidity na substrate, rashi na danshi, nitrogen da potassium a cikin ƙasa - ganye nan da nan fara juya rawaya. Muguwar cuta itace rashin kariya sosai.
  

  Tafarnuwa Aleic sau da yawa yana fama da cututtuka kuma kwari ne ke kashe shi
• Victorio. Lokaci na yin girki yana da matsakaita. Bar tare da kusan babu murfin kakin zuma, mai matsakaici (20-25 cm tsayi). Kwan fitila mai lebur-zagaye, wani lokacin-lu'u-lu'u, mai girma (mai nauyin 38-43 g). A cikin kowane 13-15 cloves. Murfin murfin launuka masu launin shuɗi. Dansandan bai da kaifi sosai. Daga 1 m² zaka iya samun kilogiram na 0.98 na kwararan fitila. Matsakaicin rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni 8. Da kyau rigakafi a kan pathogenic fungi ne halayyar.
  

  Tafarnuwa Victorio yana da ƙima don dandano mai laushi da tsayi tsawon rayuwa.

• Gulliver. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan tsakanin lambu na Rasha. Ta hanyar balaga na balaga yana ƙarshen matsakaici. An girbe kwanaki 90-98 bayan dasa. Wannan shine kawai tafarnuwa iri iri na tafarnuwa wanda ke samar da "kibiya". Ganyen suna da yawa, har zuwa tsawon cm 55 kuma faɗin 5 cm (na ƙarshen wannan nau'in nau'ikan yana da bambanci sosai), launi mai duhu mai duhu mai kauri tare da lokacin farin ciki mai ruɓi mai ruɓi. Kwan fitila a bayyane yake, kusan girman rikodin (yana yin nauyi 90-120 g, samfurori na mutum daban-daban suna samun adadin 200-250 g). Kowannensu yana da cloves 3-5 ne kawai. Cover flakes are datti launin toka a launi. Danshi yana da yaji sosai, mai zafin gaske. Matsakaicin rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni 8. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 0.98 kg / m². Daban-daban sun fice tare da babban abun ciki na bitamin C, sunadarai da amino acid, da ingantacciyar rigakafi.
  

  Tafarnuwa ta Garlic Gulliver ta tabbatar da sunan, shugabanninta sunada yawa
• Elenovsky. A cikin Jihar Rajista na Rasha Federation an jera a matsayin bazara, amma kuma dace da saukowa a cikin hunturu. An ba da shawarar yin namo a cikin Caucasus na Arewa. Ta hanyar kwanakin balaga, ya zama tsakiyar matattaka, ana girbe girbi bayan kwana 110-115. Ganyen tsaka tsayi (35 cm), kunkuntar. Kwakwalwa suna kusan na fata, ƙarami (21-23 g). A kowane 15-16 cloves. A flakes na ciki suna da fari, jiki ne mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko tare da tint mai ruwan hoda. Dandano shi ne matsakaici-kaifi. Rayuwar shelf yana da tsawo sosai, har zuwa shekaru biyu. An nuna godiya iri-iri saboda tsananin juriya ga nematode.
  

  Elenovsky tafarnuwa yafi ƙasa da sauran nau'ikan don shan wahala daga irin wannan kwaro mai haɗari a matsayin mai ƙoshin kumburi

• Ershovsky. Matsakaitan iri-iri ba tare da ƙuntatawa akan yankin namo ba. Ganyen suna da tsawo (kimanin cm 50). Kwakwalwa na birgima, na girman matsakaici (mai nauyin har zuwa 35 g), adadin adadin haƙoran ya bambanta daga guda 16 zuwa 25. Danshi yaji dadi sosai. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 0.7 kg / m². Matsakaicin rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni 8.
  

  Tafarnuwa Ershovsky ya dace da namo a kusan dukkanin ƙasar Rasha

• Degtyarsky. An yanyan iri-iri musamman domin namo garuruwa da yankuna da ke da yanayi iri daya. Wadanda suka shuka amfanin gona akan sikelin masana'antu da sauri sunyi godiya da shi. Ganyen yana da launin kore, kusan ba tare da daskararren kakin zuma ba, tsawon 35-37 cm. Kwan fitila mai launin lu'ulu'u ne, yanayin sikandire yana da fari, tare da jijiya mai ruwan hoda. A kowane 16-18 cloves. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ya kai 38 g. Jikin yana da dandano sashin ƙasa. Yawan aiki - har zuwa 0.3 kg / m². Rayuwar shiryayyen tafarnuwa akalla watanni 7.
  

  Garlic Degtyarsky da farko an yi niyya don narkar a cikin karkara, amma da sauri an yaba da 'yan lambu da ke zaune a wasu yankuna
• Bayani. Iri-iri, wanda masu shayarwar Faransawa ke tallatawa, yana cikin nau'ikan fitattun. Da balaga - tsakiyar kakar. An kwatanta shi da ƙarancin sanyi, a yanayin da yake ciki ba koyaushe yake sarrafawa ba. Kwakwalwa masu girma suna da girma sosai, tare da diamita na 5-6 cm A kowane ɗayan 20 ko fiye. Murfin murfin launin toka ne mai haske, na ciki mai ruwan hoda. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mau kirim, mai yawa, tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Ana kimanta iri-iri don ingancin kiyayewa (mafi ƙarancin watanni 10), kyakkyawan dandano da inganci. Yana da wuya musamman shafi pathogenic fungi da kwayoyin.
  

  Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa - fitaccen zaɓi ne na zaɓin Faransa, ana yaba shi da kyakkyawan rigakafi

• Permyak. Daya daga cikin sabbin nasarorin da masu shayarwa na Rasha suka samu. Ya dace da girma a kowane yanki. Ripening kwanakin suna matsakaici. Ganyen suna launin kore mara nauyi, kadan kadan tsawon cm 30. Kwan fitila ya lalace, yana da nauyin 34 g kowane yana da kolo 16-17. Rufe flakes farin tare da duhu shanyewar jiki, jiki ruwan hoda-fari. Dandano shi ne matsakaici-kaifi. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 0.3 kg / m². Tsayayyen lokacin kwan fitila - akalla watanni 10.
  

  Tafiyar Permyak na shayar da dabbobi daga gida kwanan nan

• Danshi. Wani nau'in bred a Faransa, ya girma cikin Turai akan sikelin masana'antu. Matsakaicin matsakaici na kwan fitila kusan 6 cm, taro yana 80 g .. Kowannensu yana da cloves 15-20. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne sosai m da m, mau kirim farin, peninsular. Lifearamar rayuwar shiryayye shine shekara guda.
  

  Ganyen Tafarnuwa ya shahara sosai tare da manoma kwararru na Turai.
• Sochi-56. Da dama ripening. An girbe bayan kwanaki 80-90. An bambanta ta da kyakkyawan juriya mai kyau da juriya mai kyau ga yawancin cututtuka na al'ada. Kwakwalwa na zagaye, babba, mai nauyin 50-55 g Kowannensu yana da 25-30 cloves. Dandano shi ne daidaita, Semi-kaifi. Amintaccen rayuwar amfanin gona ya kai shekara daya da rabi. Daga 1 m² cire har zuwa 0.9 kilogiram na kwararan fitila.
  

  Abubuwan da ba a san shakku ba na tafarnuwa Sochi-56 sune madawwamarsu, ingantacciyar rigakafi da juriya sanyi.

Yankunan dasa da shirye-shiryen gadaje

Duk da gaskiyar cewa dasa tafarnuwa na bazara yana faruwa a cikin bazara, gadon lambu don hakan yana buƙatar shirya shi a cikin fall. Wannan al'ada al'adu ji mai kyau a cikin adalci haske da m kasa (sandy loam, loam) tare da tsaka tsaki acid-tushe dauki. Za a iya magance manyan acidity ta hanyar gabatar da gari na dolomite, "nauyi" na ƙasa tare da yashi, '' walƙinta '' da yumɓu na yumɓu.

An zaɓi wurin don buɗe lambun, yana da rana. Yana da kyau a sami wani shamaki kusa da shi yana kare shi daga iska ta arewa. Hakanan ana maraba da ɗan gangara - a wannan yanayin, ana samar da kwararar ruwa mai sauri. Tafarnuwa Spring ba ya yarda da stagnation na danshi a Tushen categorically. Saboda wannan dalili, an cire filayenta a cikin ƙananan wurare - narkewa da ruwan sama suna tsayawa a wurin na dogon lokaci, kuma sanyi, iska mai ƙarfi ta tara.

Dole ne a haƙa gado mai tafarnuwa zurfi, a hanya, share kayan lambu da sauran datti

Yankin da aka zaɓa an haƙa har zuwa zurfin 35-40 cm, yayin aiwatar da takin da ake buƙata. Kimanin kofuna 3 na ash na itace, 4-5 lita na humus ko takin rotted da 10-15 grams na hadaddun taki wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium (Nitroammofosk, Azofosk, Ammofosk) akan 1 m². A cikin bazara kafin dasa shuki, gado zai buƙaci sake sake kwance.

Idan aka kwatanta da hunturu, tafarnuwa bazara na buƙatar ƙarin ƙasa mai gina jiki, an gabatar da duk abin da ya zama dole a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall

Dole ne mu manta game da juyawa amfanin gona. Magabata mara kyau don tafarnuwa kowane albasa ne (haɗe da furanni), karas da tsire-tsire daga dangin Solanaceae. Duk wani wake da amfanin gona, hatsi, kowane irin kabeji, Dabe (cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, squash, guna) sun dace da wannan. Za'a iya dawo da al'adu zuwa matsayin da ya gabata ba shekaru 5 baya ba.

Tafarnuwa tafarnuwa mummunan kaddara ce amma maƙwabta ne masu koshin lafiya

Tafarnuwa na bazara ta amfana da gonar ta hanyar ana shuka su kusa da wardi, bushes na bishiyoyi, da ciyawar daji. Yana yadda ya kamata repels da yawa kwari irin wadannan albarkatu, musamman slugs da weevils. Amma unguwa tare da kabeji, Peas, wake ba a so - tafarnuwa na hana ci gaban su.

Tafarnuwa dasa a kan gado guda tare da strawberries yadda ya kamata repels berries slug - kwari ba sa son pungent wari

Lokaci na dasa gwanayen bazara ne ta yanayin yanayi a yankin. Kasar gona a wannan lokacin ya kamata tayi zafi har zuwa 5-7 ° C. Amma ba za ku iya yin jinkiri sosai ba, in ba haka ba, madadin, cike da ruwa mai narkewa, zai sami lokacin bushewa. Kuma al'ada ba ta son ƙurar busasshiyar ƙasa, kamar zafi. A cikin yankuna masu sanyin kudu, ana iya shirin sauka a ƙarshen Maris, a cikin yankuna masu yanayin yanayi - a ƙarnin karshe na Afrilu. A cikin Ural, Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa, an sake tsara sharuɗɗan nan da wani sati 2-3.

Dole ne a dasa tafarnuwa na bazara a cikin ƙasa mai laima

Kwararan fitila suna jin daɗi kuma suna fara yin tushe ko da a yawan zafin jiki na 4-8 ° C. Da zaran yanayin ya tabbata kuma barga (sama da 12-15 ° C), haɓakar tushen tsarin ya daina, samuwar kwan fitila zai fara. Idan shuka ba shi da isasshen tushen ƙarfi a wannan lokacin, ba zai iya samar da shi da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin adadin da ya dace ba, wanda hakan ba zai cutar da yawan amfanin gona ba.

Kada ku ji tsoron tsoron dawowar bazara. Rashin haƙuri na tafarnuwa na bazara ya fi na tafarnuwa hunturu, amma zai sami nasarar tsira daga yanayin zafi.

Shiri na kayan shuka da fasahar shuka

Samun amfanin gona mai kyau ba zai yiwu ba tare da ingantaccen kayan shuka. Wannan kuma ya shafi yanayin ajiya. Kwarewar 'yan lambu ya nuna cewa tafarnuwa, wanda ya kwanta a cikin hunturu a zazzabi a ɗakuna, ya farfado tsawon lokaci, amma yana samar da kwararan fitila. Cloves da aka adana a zazzabi kusa da 0 ° C suna ba da amfanin gona mai sauri, amma kawunan ƙananan.

Don dasawa, hakora sun dace ba tare da lalacewa na inji da dents ba, tare da nama na roba, mai nauyin 3-6 g. Nan da nan sun ƙi waɗanda akan saukakkun alamun alamun bayyane, suna tunatar da alamun cutar da lalacewar kwaro. Kodayake ya dace kuma ya fi karami. Ana iya sanya su cikin hanyoyin kan wasu gadaje don hana karin kwari. Zasu je kore. Ba'a bada shawara don zaɓar shugaban tare da karamin adadin hakora don dasa. Wannan ya riga tafarnuwa tafarnuwa, hakika ba zai ba da amfanin gona mai kyau ba.

Dole ne a zaba kayan dasa kayan kwalliya sosai, girma da ingancin amfanin gona mai zuwa ya dogara da wannan

Don "farka" kayan dasawa, an sanya shugabannin duka cikin firiji na kwana biyu zuwa uku, a nannade cikin tawul na toka ko ɗamara. Yayinda yake bushewa, masana'anta zasu buƙaci ta kasance cikin lokaci-lokaci. Babban ya fi girma, ya fi tsawo a cikin sanyi.

Wasu yan lambu maimakon haka suna yin tafarnuwa tafarnuwa tsawon awanni 8-10 cikin ruwa mai zafi (40-45 ° C) ko kuma a sa kwayar shi (saka a cikin jaka na filastik, a nannade cikin zane mai bushe, a bar shi a kan windowsill wanda rana ta haskaka shi). Ku rarrabu kawunan kawuna cikin biyun kwana ɗaya kafin fara tashin jirgin, domin kada kasan lokacin da zai bushe. Kawai bushe an cire shi daga waje ba tare da lalata kwasfa na ciki ba.

10-12 hours kafin saukowa disinfection da za'ayi. Ana amfani da cokali na tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa na tsawon awanni 2-3 a cikin wani bakin kodadden ruwan hoda na dattin potassium ko 1% - sulfate na jan karfe. Hakanan don waɗannan dalilai, zaka iya amfani da jiko na itacen ash ko kuma maganin gishiri (10 g / l). Kuma don rigakafin cututtukan fungal, kowane shirye-shiryen tagulla dauke da abubuwa - fungicides (Fitoverm, Kuprozan, Horus, Skor, Abiga-Peak) suna da amfani. Don hanzarta aiwatar da ƙwayar, ana amfani da biostimulants - Kornevin, Zircon, Epin.

Maganin potassium mai lalacewa - daya daga cikin abubuwanda aka saba dasu

Bidiyo: shirya tafarnuwa don dasa shuki

An dasa tafarnuwa tare da tazara tsakanin layuka na 25-30 cm. Mafi zurfin zurfin furrow shine 3-4 cm. Tare da zurfin zurfi, haɓakar shuka yana da hankali. An sanya hakora ta hanyar 8-12 cm daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Idan sun fi girma, adadin ya ragu tsakanin kwararan fitila nan gaba. Matsa su cikin kasar gona da ramming substrate bayan dasa ba da shawarar, kayan dasa zasu lalace. Idan ruwan ƙasa ya matso kusa da ƙasa, yana da kyau a ɗaga kan gado da 15-20 cm.

Tazarar dake tsakanin cloves kusa da lokacin dasa shuki ya dogara da girman su

An rufe furrows tare da cakuda humus da peat crumbs a saman, mulched tare da bushe ganye, sawdust, bambaro, ƙirƙirar Layer 2-3 cm lokacin farin ciki. Ana iya tsammanin tsire-tsire na Mass bayan kwanaki 10-12.

Tushen tafarnuwa na bazara suna fitowa da sauri kuma cikin aminci

Bidiyo: dasa shuki tafarnuwa na bazara a cikin ƙasa

Tafarnuwa Tafarnuwa

Tafarnuwa wata al'ada ce mara ma'ana, amma ba za ta yi aiki ba don samun yalwar amfanin gona ba tare da bayar da gadaje akalla lokaci da ƙoƙari ba. Aƙalla, mai lambu zai buƙaci a yi sako a kai a kai kuma ya kwance ƙasa. Weeds sauƙaƙe bakin tafarnuwa spring, shan da zama dole abinci daga gare ta. Ban ruwa mai kyau da aikace-aikacen takin zamani suna daidai da amfanin gona.

M danshi ƙasa a cikin tafarnuwa spring ake bukata kawai a farkon matakin ci gaba, lokacin da ganye suna na rayayye girma. Itace nan da nan “tayi rahoto” raunin danshi - tukwicinsu sun zama rawaya da bushe. A matsakaici, shayarwa guda ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 4-5 ya isa. Yawan amfani shine 10-12 l / m².

Watering tafarnuwa a lokacin aiki girma kakar hankali rage-rage, sannu a hankali bace

Lokacin da kwararan fitila sun riga sun fara nunawa, ana shayar da kayan kwalliyar kwalliya sosai, kuma idan ruwa ne, yanayin sanyi, ba a shayar da komai. Wuce haddi danshi a wannan lokacin na iya haifar da su dumama, da cin gaban pathogenic fungi.

Makonni uku kafin kimanin ranar girki na tafarnuwa, an daina hana ruwa yawan gaske. In ba haka ba, cloves za su zama ruwa. Wannan mummunar tasirin yana da ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano.

Tushen tsarin tafarnuwa bazara yana da rauni idan aka kwatanta da hunturu, ba shi da ikon fitar da isasshen abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa don samar da manyan kwararan fitila, don haka tsire-tsire suna buƙatar manyan allurai na taki.

Ana fara ciyarwa lokacin da ganyen ganye ya kai cm 4-5. Don aiki na aiki na taro kore, tafarnuwa yana buƙatar nitrogen. An shayar da shi tare da bayani na urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (12-15 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Tushen asalin nitrogen shine digawar tsuntsu ko dabbakin saniya. Amma a cikin tsararren tsari, an haramta shi sosai don gabatar da shi cikin ƙasa - nan da nan tushen zai “ƙone”. Madadin haka, an shirya jiko ta hanyar zuba lita 2-3 na albarkatun ƙasa a cikin guga na ruwa da barin kwanaki da yawa a cikin wani wuri mai ɗorawa a ƙarƙashin murfin rufe. Kafin amfani, ana tace shi da ruwa tare da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 8 ko 1:15, bi da bi, don taki da zuriyar dabbobi.

Urea - daya daga cikin shahararrun takin mai magani na nitrogen

Exaukar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa yana cutarwa ga tafarnuwa. Wannan yana raunana kariyarsa. Dankin ya fara “kitse”, yana samar da usha roan itace na ganye daga ofan fitilar.

Manyan riguna masu zuwa sune phosphorus-potash. Wadannan takin zamani fara aiki daga lokacin da aka kafa kai. Isa isa sau 2-3 a lokacin girma tare da kusan tazara daidai. Karshen kusan wata guda ke nan kafin girbin ya fashe. Idan kun kasance masu kishin waɗannan takin, ƙwayoyin cuta suna yayyafawa. Tafarnuwa ana shayar da tafarnuwa na potassium sulfate da superphosphate (8-10 g a kowace l 10 na ruwa). Wani madadin na halitta shine jiko na katako don ƙirar ash. An jefa gilashin ɗanyen ɗanɗano zuwa lita 5 na ruwan zãfi, an dage don awa 8-10, a tace kafin amfani.

Wood ash - asalin halitta asalin potassium da phosphorus

Hakanan akwai takin zamani mai rikitarwa na wannan amfanin gona. Amma da farko nazarin abun da ke ciki. Tafarnuwa yana jure da sinadarin chlorine da kwayoyi, suna tarawa a jikin matattara.

Lokacin zabar taki don tafarnuwa, tabbatar cewa babu chlorine a cikin abun da ke ciki

Idan ci gaban tafarnuwa bazara a fili yayi jinkirin sosai, zaku iya ciyar dashi tare da kwayoyin halitta - maganin maganin maganin rigakafi, haɓakar kore nettle, Dandelion.

Cututtuka, kwari, sauran matsaloli

Duk da cewa tafarnuwa yadda yakamata ta iya jujjuya kwari daga wasu albarkatu na lambun kuma asalin halitta ce mai lalacewa, ita kanta ba ta da kariya daga cututtuka da kuma kashe kwari. Mafi kyawun matakan kariya a wannan yanayin shine fasaha mai fasaha na aikin gona.

Daga cikin cututtuka na tafarnuwa bazara, mafi yawan hankula sune:

• Tsatsa Alamar farko ita ce kunkuntar rawaya mai haske a cikin ganyayyaki. A hankali, za su zama faɗaɗa, suna jujjuya wuri mai sauƙi na siffar zagaye, canza launi zuwa ja-orange.
  

  Naman gwari yana lalata kusan dukkan kayan lambu; tafarnuwa banda banda

• Peronosporosis (mildew mai saukarwa). A cikin yanayi mai laima, cutar tana tasowa da sauri, amma naman gwari ba ya son zafi da fari. Ci gaban shuka ya rage gudu, ganye, suka fara daga babba, jujjuya, juya launin rawaya da nakasa.
  

  Yanayi mai dacewa don haɓakar peronosporosis - zafi mai zafi da ƙarancin iska

• Fusarium Matsalar ta fi kamari ga yankuna masu zafi a kudu. Dukda cewa yankuna masu yanayin yanayi basu da aminci daga gareshi, idan rani yayi nasara cikin yanayin yanayi. Bar, farawa daga tukwici, da sauri juya launin rawaya da bushe, an rufe shi da shanyewar fata mai bakin ciki. A cikin sinuses, an kafa plaque-yellowish mai ruwan hoda, mai kama da m. Aƙarshe, kawuna suna wahala - hakora sun zama masu taushi, an rufe su da irin wannan ƙira.
  

  Fusarium tafarnuwa na iya shafar amfanin gona duka a lokacin girma girma da kuma bayan sanya shi a cikin ajiya
• Bacteriosis (ƙwayar cuta ta hanta). Zai iya shafar tafarnuwa spring a duka gonar da lokacin ajiya. “Anƙan 'shuɗi mai launin ruwan' launin launin shuɗi 'suna bayyana a kan ɗaure, a hankali suna ƙaruwa da yawa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ya zama m, ƙarshe juya zuwa cikin hadari mai ƙanshi tare da wari putrefactive wari.
  

  Na kwayan cuta na tafarnuwa, wanda ke haɓaka lokacin ajiya, na iya lalata kusan duk amfanin gona da sauri

• Farar ƙasa. Ganyen ya zama rawaya, wani farin launi mai laushi mai kama da ulu na auduga ya bayyana akan kawunan. Hakora sun zama kamar gilashi, da sauri suna juya.
  

  Ba zai yiwu a rabu da fararen tafarnuwa ta hanyar zamani ba

Yana nufin don maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a yanzu basa wanzu. Saboda haka, yakamata a cire samfuran kamuwa da wuri-wuri daga gadaje kuma a ƙone, disinfecting ƙasa tare da m ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate ko 5% ruwa Bordeaux.

A cikin yaƙar fungi, kowane fungicides suna da tasiri. Yana da kyau a zabi magunguna na asalin halitta (Alirin-B, Topaz, Bayleton, Maxim, Previkur), ba su da lafiya ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Ana gudanar da jiyya ta farko, lura da alamun halayyar, sannan wani, tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 7-10. Tare da maganin maganin, ana baza tsire-tsire, an zubar da ƙasa. Don rigakafin, bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe na farko, yana da amfani don bi da tafarnuwa bazara tare da magungunan jama'a a kowane mako 1.5-2 - maganin soda ash, kefir diluted da ruwa ko whey, iodine mai dil.

Karin kwari ba su kewaya al'adu:

• Albasa tashi. Larvae ku ci abinci fitar da sabon ƙira mai taushi har yanzu daga ciki. Suna juya da sauri. Shuka ta bushe, a hankali ta bushe. Don tsoratar da kwaro, yana da amfani don madadin dasa tafarnuwa da karas, ƙura da ƙasa a kan gado tare da mustard foda, barkono ja, taba crumbs. Don magance albasa tashi amfani da Decis, Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio.
  

  Dasa tafarnuwa da karas da ke kusa suna da kyau bayani; tafarnuwa repels karas tashi, karas - albasa

• Tafarnuwa nematode. Wani tsutsotsi na bakin ciki suna shiga Tushen kuma a hankali ya ɗaga sama kara, yana kwance ƙwai a cikin kyallen. Bar ganye an rufe shi da launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, nada. Cire kwaro yana da wahala. Don rigakafin, gado kafin dasawa da sau 2-3 a cikin lokacin girma yana zubar da ruwan gishiri (5-7 g / l). Nemabakt granules an gabatar dashi cikin kasa a bazara. Bayan an girbe - zubar da Thiophos.
  

  Yana da matukar wahala a rabu da nematode; kwaro kwaro a cikin ƙasa na iya kasancewa har zuwa shekaru biyar

• Albasa (tushe) kaska. Tana shiga cikin kwararan fitila ta kasan, a zahiri tana "nika" zuwa wani yanayin turbaya, sannan ta ci kabad daga ciki. Shugabannin suka lalace, shuka ya mutu. Don rigakafin, ana shayar da gado tare da jiko na tansy, yarrow kowane mako 1.5-2. Don kawar da kaska, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman - acaricides (Neoron, Omayt, Apollo).
  

  Albasa mite ba kwari bane, sabili da haka, ana amfani da kwayoyi na musamman - acaricides don magance shi

Bidiyo: hanyoyi don magance albasa ta tashi

Matsalar gama gari ita ce ganyen tafarnuwa. Wannan alama ce ta halayyar halayya da yawa. Amma yana iya yin shaida ga aibi mutum a cikin fasahar aikin gona, musamman, ga rashi na macro- da microelements, danshi a cikin ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar, shuka tana amsa dasawa a madadin ingancin da bai dace ba.

Girbi da adanawa

Gaskiyar cewa tafarnuwa bazara ta riga ta tsiro an tabbatar da ita ta hanyar yawaitar rawaya da kuma ganyen ganye, taushi daɗaɗɗen tushe. Zamani ya kasance ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba. Ba za ku iya jinkirta girbi ba. Ingancin irin wannan tafarnuwa yana raguwa sosai - kawunan sun fashe zuwa Cloves daban, fatar fatar jiki, gindin ƙasa na fita. Ko da jinkirta kwana 2-3 yana da mahimmanci.

Tafarnuwa cire daga gonar tabbas zai bushe sosai

Kuna iya hanzarta lokacin girmar shuki ta hanyar "juyawa" kusan dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki zuwa ga kwararan fitila:

• Ieulla ganye a cikin kulli.
• Ciyawa kasar gona. Saboda haka shi heats sama m, da kuma aiki girma na shugaban faruwa daidai a low ƙasa zazzabi.
• A hankali a hankali saka wuka mai kaifi tare da doguwar ruwa a ƙarƙashin kai kuma a ɗan yanke tushen zuwa zurfin 3-5 cm .. Tsarin yana buƙatar wata fasaha, in ba haka ba yana da matukar sauƙi a lalata kwan fitila.

Ganyen tafarnuwa an ɗaura shi a ƙulli, abubuwan gina jiki ba za su iya sake gudana ba a cikin girman guda, saboda haka ana tura su zuwa ga kwan fitila

Don girbi, zaɓi rana, ba rana. Don rage lalacewar inabin, an tono tafarnuwa tare da farar fata. Sannan yana buƙatar a bushe a cikin sabon iska don kwanaki 5-7. Ana sanya kawunan a karkashin wata alfarwa don kariya daga yiwuwar samun ruwan sama. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana da mummunan tasiri akansu.

An tsabtace kwararan fitila na ƙasa, Tushensu da ganyayyaki suna yanke, yana barin 2-3 da cm cm, bi da bi .. An shirya tafarnuwa na bazara, ana watsar da kawunan da lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari.

Bidiyo: shawarwari don girbi da adanar tafarnuwa

Al'adu ba zaɓaɓɓu bane game da yanayin ajiya. Amma tabbas zasu shafi girbi na gaba. Tafarnuwa na bazara yana nuna ingancin kiyaye duka a zazzabi a ɗakuna kuma a yanayin zafi kusa da 0 ° C. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole wurin ya bushe kuma ya bushe.

Tafarnuwa baya buƙatar yanayi na musamman na ajiya, zai dace da gida da gidan

Tafarnuwa za'a iya adanar shi a cikin kwali na kwali, katako da katako filastik, kwanduna tare da ramuka na iska, an yayyafa shi da bambaro, sawdust, scraps na labaran labarai. Don adana sarari, sun sa shi cikin buɗaɗɗiya, sanya shi a cikin tsoffin tutocin ko jakun lilin, saƙa "braids", suna rataye su daga rufi. Ana adana fuka-fukan da kyau idan aka saka su daban-daban a fim ɗin cling ko kuma a tsoma su cikin faranti mai ƙyalƙyali.

Tafarnuwa "braids" za'a iya juya shi zuwa kayan ado na asali na ɗakin dafa abinci

Ya dace da ajiya da kuma peeled cloves. An sanya su a cikin gilashin opaque ko kwantena na katako, an yayyafa shi da gari, an shafe su da itacen ash. Kuma idan kuna amfani da gishiri ko zuba su da kowane kayan lambu, zaku iya dandana samfurin a lokaci guda. Irin wannan man, alal misali, yana da kyau sosai kamar kayan miya.

Adon tafarnuwa cikin mai yana da amfani kuma mai amfani.

Lokacin da babu tafarnuwa da yawa, kawai sanya alayyahu a cikin jaka na filastik na musamman tare da madaidaicin adon kuma sanya shi a cikin firiji (dakin da aka shirya don kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa).

Girma tafarnuwa, damuna da damuna, har ma wani ɗan lambu yana da isasshen iyawa. Kowane nau'in al'adu yana da lokacin dasawa, girbi da kuma kulawar kulawa, wanda kuke buƙatar sanin kanku gaba. Kada ku manta game da rigakafin cutar - sabanin sanannen imani, tafarnuwa tana da cututtukan halayyar ta da kwari da ke kai hari. Babban mahimmanci shine zaɓi na iri-iri. Wannan ya dogara da farko kan yankin namo, amma akwai wasu dalilai masu yanke hukunci.