Domin shekarun da suka gabata a tashoshin kiwo, an yi aiki mai zurfi don ƙirƙirar sababbin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace masu sanyi.
Idan apple ya dade yana da tushe a Siberia da Urals, pears sun bukaci aiki mai wuyar gaske, sakamakon abin da aka bred nau'in iri-iri na hunturu jerin farko.
Ba wai kawai sun zama tushen sababbin iri iri ba, amma har ma masu kula da lambu sun kasance masu ƙaunar. Wadannan iri sun hada da pear Gida - Bayani game da iri-iri, hotuna na 'ya'yan itace da kuma sake dubawa daga cikin lambu a baya a cikin labarin.
Wani irin pears yana nufin?
Wannan shi ne daya daga farkon lokacin rani.
Gida sosai a farkon fruiting. Har yanzu akwai girbi 2-4 shekara.
Sauran nau'in rani sun hada da: Duchess, Tonkovetka, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka daga Michurinsk da Severyanka Red-cheeked.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
A 1959, a Cibiyar da aka kira bayan Michurin Svetlyanka iri-iri, rarraba abin da ya fara nan da nan bayan gwajin gwajin.
Kyakkyawan gyarawa na iri-iri bayan sanyi Siberian sanyi ya kasance babban amfani. Amma aiki ya ci gaba, kuma ƙarshe ya samu Gida, ingantaccen Svetlyanka.
An samu PN Yakovlev lokacin hawa biyu: Clapp ta Pet kuma Lambar Koparechka 12. An gudanar da aikin a zaɓin tashar a Chelyabinsk. An kira iri-iri da aka samo asali "Seedling Yakovlev lambar 103" don girmama mai halitta.
Sa'an nan kuma wannan iri-iri ya fara kira pear Severyanka Yakovlev, domin shi ne an tsara don wuraren Arewa, kuma daga baya ya fara fara kira kawai Severyanka. Ko da yake wadannan nau'in pears har yanzu suna kasancewa rare a cikin Urals, amma har yanzu ba'a samu sabon filin jiragen ruwa na masana'antu ba.
A wannan lokaci, Severyanka kusan ba a yi amfani da shi ba tukuna. Tamanin wannan nau'i-nau'i ya janyo hanzari saboda fitowar sabon sabbin abubuwa.
Sabili da haka, shi, kamar waɗanda suka riga shi, ana samuwa ne kawai a cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu Siberia. Ƙaunar soyayya musamman mai laushi a Arewacin lambu Yankunan Bashkiria, Kurgan da kuma Chelyabinsk don tsauraran hunturu, ƙarin bayani game da duk halaye na iri-iri da kuma hoto na 'ya'yan itace.
Don dasa shuki a cikin yankunan Siberian na Rasha ya dace da irin Svarog, Tyoma, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya da Lada.
Bayani na iri-iri Severyanka
Yi la'akari da bayyanar itace da 'ya'yan itace.
Tree
Shuka low, tare da m pyramidal kambi na matsakaici kauri, akwai kuma siffofin da yawa. Shuka azumi. Launi launuka suna da duhu.
Bã su da ɗanɗan kaɗan, suna kama da ƙwayar da aka juya.
Har ila yau, stalks suna koren launi da gajeren lokaci. Stipules suna kama da saber.
A cikin inflorescence ne har zuwa 6 furanni. Kwayoyi suna ko da, fararen, flower yana da nau'i na karamin saucer.
'Ya'yan itacen
Fruits ripen matsakaici masu girma daga 80 zuwa 100 grams. Ba su girma girma ba, nau'i-nau'i mai nau'i. A lokacin girbi akwai yellowish-rawayato, su sannu-sannu zama m rawaya, kadan tare da kore. Fata ba abu mai dadi ba ne, amma mai yawa.
Jiki ne ma mai yawa, kirim mai tsami, dan kadan mai ban sha'awa, mai dadi, tare da ɗanɗɗon dandano, mai jinkiri.
Akwai 'yan tsaba, sune launin ruwan kasa, manyan, an shirya su a kananan ɗakuna.
Hotuna
Halaye
Tare da kulawa mai kyau da kuma dacewa da kyau Girman pear kimanin 45-60 kg. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau yanayi a lokacin rani daga itace daya zaka iya tattara kuma har zuwa 100 kg.
Mai Arewa ne high-samar da gwaggwabar riba iri-iri. Alamar farko ta cikakkiyar launi shine bayyanar launin launi mai launin fata a fata, amma tsaba sun kasance fari. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba iri ɗaya ba ne a cikin girman.
An fitar da pears girbi na farko a ranar goma ga watan Agusta kuma yana kusan kusan har zuwa karshen watan. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, ɓangaren 'ya'yan itace ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda suka kai cikakkun launi, gaba daya daga cikin itace a cikin kwanaki 2-3. Ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar yadda suke 10 kwana a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi a cikin katako ko wickers.
Masana sun bada shawara suyi aiki Tattara a baya don kwanaki 5-7, don hana 'ya'yan itace ta fadi. Bugu da ƙari, 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda aka tattara a gaba suna adana a cikin ɗakin sanyi ko firiji har zuwa watanni biyu.
Yayin da aka yi amfani da wannan nau'in, to kashi 30% kawai na 'ya'yan itatuwa ne. Saboda haka, wannan nau'in yana bukatar pollinator.
Mai gida yana da amfani a shuka a kusa da sa A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Yakovlevwanda shine mafi kyawun fitowar pollinator.
Wannan iri-iri yana da matsanancin yanayin sanyi da matsakaici na fari. Akwai lokuta a cikin Ufa, lokacin da lokacin raguwa a ciki Sai kawai kananan bishiyoyi gaba daya suna ficewa da digiri 50.
Kuma tare da raguwar lokaci a cikin zazzabi zuwa -42 digiri, ɓangaren da ke ƙasa sama ya mutu, amma bishiyoyi sun dawo da sauri. Tare da rashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace suna shyama, dandano yana ci gaba da muni, girbi yana canzawa ta daya zuwa makonni biyu.
Hanyoyin hunturu-hardy sun hada da: Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Tikhiy Don da Tatiana.
Dasa da kulawa
Don dasa shuki wannan shuka shine zabi rana, wanda aka ƙi daga iska. Ana bada shawara don shirya rami mai saukowa a gaba, makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin sayan seedlings.
Don sa a kasan rami taki da humus. Darajarta za ta kasance 60 cm zurfi kuma kimanin 90-100 cm fadi.
Na farko pruning na pear ne yake aikata bayan dasa. Idan seedling ba shi da kwarangwal rassan a duk, da shuka yana da daya shoot, zai fi dacewa yanke a tsawo na 70-90 cm sama da ƙasa kuma ajiye akalla uku ci gaba da buds.
Irin wannan pruning an yi a kowace bazara don shekaru da yawa bayan dasa shuki itace.
Pears son danshisabili da haka Ana yin gyaran ruwa sau da yawa a cikin bazara da lokacin rani.
Tasa a cikin shekara ta biyu na itacen. Don hunturu kana buƙatar Tabbatar da wanke bishiyoyi saboda gaskiyar cewa za su iya sha wahala daga sanyi.
Dubi bita na bidiyo a kan ƙoshin pear:
Cututtuka da kwari
Tsara asu da kuma pear gall resistant. Idan ba zato ba tsammani akwai daskarewa daga cikin ganyayyaki a cikin bazara, to akwai yiwuwar rikitarwa saboda mummunan ƙwayar cuta.
Kadan, amma akwai cututtuka irin su, misali:
- Mycoplasma Cututtuka, ko kuma "Aboki Tsintsiya";
- //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html;
- Fruit rot.
Wani lokaci kwari kai hari itace:
- malam buɗe ido hawthorn;
- yankakken tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna cike da kayan abinci da sauran sassa na shuka.
Tabbatar da cututtuka yana nunawa ta hanyar iri iri: Elena, Pamyati Yakovleva, Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Autumn Yakovleva da Marble.
Idan ka shuka iri-iri na Severyanka a cikin lambun ka, za ka iya ji dadin 'ya'yan itatuwa mai dadi a kowace shekara. Wannan iri-iri yana da kyau ga samar da sabon abu. Ana la'akari da pears tsire-tsire masu tsami tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki.
