'Ya'yan itacen pear kyauta ne mai kyau, abincin da ba shi da ɗabaro wanda aka ba da shawarar ga abincin yara tun shekara.
Bayan pear - yana da matukar dadi!
Daya daga cikin nau'in pear da ake so shine pear Moscow da wuri - Bayani game da halaye iri iri, hotuna na 'ya'yan itace da shawarwari da sake dubawa game da sha'anin dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin labarin.
Wane irin ne?
Kwan zuma na farko na Moscow yana daya daga cikin matasan farko.
Yawancin lokaci nau'in nau'in pear sun kasu kashi uku:
- rani;
- kaka;
- hunturu
Kowane ɗayan kungiyoyin, ɗayan kuma, an raba shi zuwa kashi uku. Don haka a lokacin rani iri za'a iya bambanta farkon lokacin rani, tsakiyar lokacin rani da ƙarshen rani.
Ruwan farko na Moscow - yana nufin farkon lokacin rani.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Sauran nau'i iri iri a Moscow bred a 1991. Bred Selection a Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (yanzu Rasha State Agrarian Jami'ar).
Ana samun cuttings na wannan nau'in. daga Vladimir Ivanovich Susov - Masanin ilimin lissafi na Rasha, mai kula da bincike a lambun Michurinsky.
Ba iri iri ba, ya faru nan da nan daga "iyaye" da yawa, kyau domin Arewa maso yammacin da tsakiyar yankin, fara farawa a shekaru 6-7 na rayuwa.
Lada, Rossoshanskaya kyakkyawa ne, Muscovite, Noyabrskaya da Rogneda suna da kyau a wadannan yankuna.
Bayanai iri-iri na Moscow da wuri
Bishiyoyi iri iri na Moscow da wuri ya kai mita 4-5 a tsawo. Crohn tsakiya cika, pyramidal siffar. Gangasar da manyan rassan sune launin launi tare da launin launin toka.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da rating na Susov a girman 4, don ku ɗanɗana 5. Idan an fassara waɗannan lambobi a cikin harshen wani lambu mai kulawa, nauyin pears isa girman 120 - 140 g, kuma dandanowa cikakke ne: sosai m, narke a bakin da tare da m ƙanshi.
A cikin bayyanar kwaikwayo na farkon Moscow shine 'ya'yan itace Daidaitaccen zane-zane. M, lokacin farin ciki fata yellowish rawayawanda a lokacin da yake cikakke ya nuna blush daga gefe ɗaya.
Wannan farfajiyar tanji yana tabarau na dots ja-orange. Idan ka yanke pear, zai bude ciki m, m nama na farin ko dan kadan cream launi.
Hotuna
Halaye
Yarda pears Moscow farkon breeder Susov kansa da aka kiyasta a kan sikelin a matsayin m hudu tare da iyakar lamba na maki 5.
Na halitta cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa zai iya bambanta dangane da shekara, yanayin yanayi, ingancin kula da itatuwa. Musamman mai da hankali ga pear Moscow a farkon wateringsau nawa a lokacin rani ya zama wajibi kuma bayanin kulawa da pear ya kara a cikin labarin.
Don juriya na sanyi (ko hunturu winteriness), irin wannan pear da aka samu a cikin wannan tebur wani kimanin 4.5.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda farkon irin fara farawa da wuri, lokacin da har yanzu akwai hadari na dawowa dullun dare.
Pear iri ma bambanta a cikin sanyi sanyi juriya: Svetlyanka, Severyanka, Tonkovka, Sverdlovchanka, Perun da Orlovskaya kyau.
Masu rushewa na Moscow na farko zasu iya hidima kowane irin nau'in pears, wanda aka zubar a tsakiyar Rasha.
Fruits ripen a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon Agusta m sada zumunci. Dalili kawai na farkon iri dake gaba ɗaya, da kuma irin wadannan nau'o'i na farko na Moscow - gajeren ajiya. An ajiye pears a cikin yanayin firiji mai kyau. daga kwanaki 5 zuwa makonni biyu iyakar.
Dasa da kulawa
Dasa seedlings za a iya sanya duka a spring da kaka. An dasa shi kafin hunturu, yawancin tsire-tsire suna da sanyi sosai, amma har yanzu a yankunan tsakiya zasu zama lafiya kuma zaɓi lokaci na dasa shuki, saboda haka shuka zata sami lokaci don samun karfi a lokacin rani kuma ba zai daskare ba.
Dole ne a zaba wurin da za'a yi wa pear. rana da dumi. Duk wani shading daga cikin itace zai amsa wani rauni kuma, daidai da, kananan da kananan albarkatu.
Dole ne a gwada rami don pear a gaba. Wannan ita ce doka. Kyawawan - don dasa shuki a cikin bazara daga fall ya kamata a haƙa rami. Wannan wajibi ne domin kasar gona ta zauna kuma ba ta sake lalata ba. In ba haka ba, akwai haɗari cewa ƙwarƙashin wuyan shuka zai shiga ƙasa, wanda ba shi da kyau ga itatuwan pear.
A kowane hali, mako ɗaya shine lokacin wajibi don riƙe ƙasar a rami mai saukowa.
Dole ne a biya basira a ƙasa, wanda aka dasa pear da abin da ya dogara da yawan rayuwa da kuma girbi.
Ramin da aka ƙaddara yana cike da m, lalata ƙasa. Za ku iya hada shi tare da eggshell, ash, superphosphate. Sa'an nan kuma - Tabbatar da ruwa. Zai fi kyau idan ruwan yana dumi - game da digiri 20-25.
Kuma mulching don kiyaye ƙasa bushe. Yawancin ya dogara ne da watering a lokacin tsawon lokacin ci gaban itacen. Amma an hana shi damar dasa shuki a wurare na clayey, damp, a kan ƙasa mai sanyi.
Zai zama mafi dacewa don ɗaura tsaka mai karfi a tsakiyar filin saukarwa. Zai taimaka wajen tsayawa da yadda ya kamata a kafa pear.
Yi hankali lokacin saukowa sabõda haka, an kafa asalinsu kuma babu wasu hanyoyi a yankunansu. Ana ba da shawara ga dan kadan tamp a kasa da waje da dasa rami.
Da takin mai magani zai iya ciyar da pears daga shekara ta biyu na rayuwarsa. Ma'adinai da takin mai magani za a iya yi a cikin fall da kuma bazara. Kuma a nan Organic ne mafi alhẽri ba da zagi.Tare da ƙasa mai ban sha'awa sau ɗaya kowace shekara uku - adadin kuɗi.
A cikin bazara, za ku iya yin gwanin gwargwadon wuri (bisa 30 g da mita mita) da kuma carbamide (100 g). By kaka zaka iya ciyar da phosphorus da potassium.
Pruning don farkon varietal pears yana da matukar muhimmanciSaboda kambi mai ƙarfi na itace yana buƙatar samun ci gaba mai zurfi da kuma thinning, don haka kada a inuwa furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Sannan kuma ya kamata a cire rassan daji da ƙura. Don wannan Yi amfani kawai da masu sintiri, tare da riga sun cutar da shi. Yawanci yawanci a cikin fall bayan ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen.
Ana ba da shawarar bishiyoyi matasa don rufewa. Musamman batun tushen daskarewasabili da haka, bayan tattara rassan, yayyafa karamin da'irar sawdust tare da mai da'ira mai ma'ana, sannan kuma sanya gwiwa rassan. Abinda ya kamata shi ne don tabbatar da cewa iska ba ta ƙarewa ta lokacin iskar hunturu. Za ku iya yayyafa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Cututtuka da kwari
Tsayayya ga daya daga cikin cututtuka mafi yawan cututtuka - scab Susov ya nuna a 4.
Amma bai hana sanin alamun kamuwa da cuta ba. Na farko - akwai dige rawaya a baya na takarda, wanda ya juya cikin launin ruwan kasa. Sa'an nan, abin ya shafa ya bar curl da fall.
Tsayayya ga cututtuka na iya fariya: Samara Beauty, Theme, Bere Russkaya, Yakovlevskaya da Fairy.
Kuna iya yakar wannan kamfani tare da spraying a spring Bordeaux ruwa. Kuma kuma kula da rigakafin cutar, tarawa da konewa ko takin gargajiya da aka fadi.
Irin wannan cututtuka - ciwon baƙar fata. Yana nuna kanta a matsayin mai ja a kan haushi da a kan ganye har ma akan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Jiyya - wani bayani na jan karfe sulfate tare da lokaci daya kau da wuraren da ke fama da haushi.
Dry da zafi weather iya haifar da powdery mildew. Bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka - furen ganye, an rufe shi da farin furanni. Ana iya kauce wannan ta hanyar spraying tare da bayani na colloidal sulfur.
Daga cikin kwari ya kamata a lura asu. Gabas da kuma pear. Waɗannan su ne kananan butterflies da sa qwai akan ganye ko a kan inflorescences.
Bayan da caterpillars suka fara samuwa, sunyi mummunar lalacewar 'ya'yan itace. Matakan sarrafawa - ƙuƙwalwa, shinge na pheromone, binciken gwaji, tsaftacewa na kamuwa da cuta.
Daga ticks cutar pear pear launin ruwan kasa 'ya'yan itace mite da gall mite. Yakin - spraying a lokacin flowering na kowane daga cikin acaricides, amma zai fi dacewa nau'in jinsin don kauce wa jaraba da juriya na kwari.
Hasken rana na rana yana da hadari - hawthorn. Harshensa na cinye pear ya fita zuwa gajiyoyin daji na jiki kuma yana tasiri sosai tare da itacen. Matakan sarrafawa - spraying kwari, kawar da flowering weeds cewa jawo hankalin wadannan cututtuka lepidoptera.
Mafi sau da yawa a cikin gonar sune cututtuka na 'ya'yan itace: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust, Kwayoyin cuta.
Pear ya fi kwarewa fiye da itatuwan apple mafi girma a Tsakiyar Tsakiya, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau zai biya wa gonar sau ɗari.
