Ƙananan kyawawan launuka masu "Karatayevsky" da suka zauna a duniyar da suka wuce a kan tebur na mazauna lambuna da kuma lambu.
Ƙananan zaki da ƙananan 'ya'yan itace kamar yadda ya yi kira ga manya da yara.
Kuma a yau zamu tattauna game da irin nau'in iri-iri, yadda za mu kula da wannan itace, don haka yana cigaba da jin dadin ku ba kawai da kyawawan pears-yellow pears, amma kuma tare da kambi na fure da girbi mai kyau.
Wane irin ne?
Karataev pear bi da farkon kaka iri. 'Ya'yan suna shirye don amfani a tsakiyar Satumba, amma yana da muhimmanci a tuna da hakan Rayayyun rayuwarsu suna takaice. Kuma yana buƙatar ƙwararren microclimate na musamman don kula da dandano da halaye na waje.
Cikakke "Karatayevskaya" pear ba tare da dace yanayin tsare iya ganimar a cikin makonni biyu. Duk da haka, a cikin firiji rayuwar 'ya'yan itace na iya wucewa. har zuwa watanni biyu.
Wannan iri-iri yana da pears.
Sauran nau'i na pear sun hada da: Tatyana, Talgar kyakkyawa, Uralochka, Otradnenskaya da Thumbelina.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Pear "Karatayevskaya" ya bayyana a cikin 1971 ta hanyar kiwo, wanda ya samar masana kimiyya Kalinina I.P., Karataeva E.P. da kuma Puchkin I.A.
Sun yi aiki a kan tushe NIIS mai suna Lisavenko (Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta Siberia mai suna MA Lisavenko). An aiko matasan da aka samu don gwaje-gwaje a cikin shekarar 1998. An hada da shi a cikin Littafin Jihar na Siyasa-Siberiya da kuma sallama a 2012.
An lafa pear ne a sakamakon yin amfani da shi zuwa launi na iri-iri "Babbar ɗan fari na Pollen" tare da "Datti". Kuma sakamakon samfurori ya haɗa daidai bangarorin kowane ɗayan itatuwa.
Pear "Karataevskaya": bayanin irin iri-iri da hotuna
Wannan pear bi zuwa itatuwan 'ya'yan itacewanda tsawo (dangane da yanayin yanayin damuwa) ya bambanta daga mita 2 zuwa 4.
Irin wannan tsari na harbe yana haifar da raunin ci gaban hanyoyin da kuma buds (suna da jagora na angular da tsarin siffa mai kwakwalwa).
Ganye suna da siffar elongated (ovoid) mai tsabta tare da gefuna na tsakiya. Launiyar su duhu ne, kuma girmansa ya zama daidai.
Tsaya-tsire-tsalle masu tsayi iri guda, fentin a cikin duhu da launin ruwan kasa, tare da takarda, haifar da tasirin baki a ƙarshen rassan, yana buƙatar gyaran fure don haka itacen bai samo siffar ɗan kwarangwal ba.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da halayyar launin rawaya-launin ruwan hoda, da launi mai launin launin fata tare da launi mai launi mai launin ja. Girman siffar yana zagaye: fadi a tushe tare da gajeren wutsiya. Cikakken yana da tsawo da duhu.
Nauyin nau'i daga 80 zuwa 120 grams. Shin mai haske furta dandano mai dadi-dadi tare da takardun kayan yaji.
Daidaitaccen ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da hadari, densely grainy, ivory inuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai dadi, ƙwaƙwalwa tare da jin dadi.
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sahara | har zuwa 12.2% |
| Acids | har zuwa 0.64% |
| bitamin C | har zuwa 3.3 MG% |
| P-aiki abubuwa | har zuwa 62.0 MG% |
Ana shirya sassan a cikin ƙananan ruji. Su ne ƙananan, haske launin ruwan kasa a launi da drop-shaped elongated.
Wadannan nau'in pears kuma suna iya karawa mai girma dandano: Duchess, Bere Bosk, Bere Russkaya, Janairu da Fairy.
Don ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da kuma ganin pears "Karataevskaya" za ka ga a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Halaye
"Karataevskaya" pear 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, amma a kai a kai. Dangane da yanayin (yanayin ƙasa, ban ruwa da yanayin yanayin zafi) wanda bishiyar ke tsiro, za'a iya cire shi daga 15 zuwa 45 kilogram na 'ya'yan itatuwa (matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa 9.3 t / ha).
Muhimmiyar: Duk da cewa wannan matasan da aka bred a Siberia, ba shi da kyau sanyi juriya. Kuma yana girma da kyau a cikin m sauyin yanayi. Har ila yau, "Karatayevskaya" pear yana matukar damuwa da rashin danshi. Wannan itace yana bukatar kula da hankali.
Wannan saiti ba ya buƙatar saukowa da ƙarin pollinator. Furensa suna bisexual. Fruiting fara a shekara ta huɗu ko biyar na rayuwa.
'Ya'yan itatuwa sun fara daga 12 zuwa 18 Satumba. A lokaci guda, zasu iya fara tattarawa da adanawa don ajiya a wuri mai duhu.
Rogneda, Rossoshanskaya kyau, Sverdlovchanka, Chudesnitsa, Tonkovka da Severyanka suna da kyau sanyi juriya.
Dasa da kulawa
A lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin pear seedling, yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa yana da wani zafi mai auna shuka, da kuma kokarin sanya shi a cikin mafi ƙarancin busa da kuma inuwa wuri.
Da kyau, ya kamata a ƙaddara ta saukowa mafi yawa kudu ko kudu maso gabashin. Kamar dai idan wannan wuri yana da wasu kariya daga iska (akwai shinge ko bango kusa da gidan).
Ga nau'in nau'in pear "Karataevskaya" sararin samaniya tsakanin sapling da sauran itatuwan zai zama mita 4-7.
Wannan zai bada izinin pear don samun adadin abincin jiki daga ƙasa kuma ya kaucewa tushen asali da wasu bishiyoyi, kuma a sakamakon haka - yin sulhu akan juna.
Muhimmiyar: Idan tsohuwar itace ko itacen da aka mutu an cire shi a kwanan nan a cikin wani lambu, sai a dasa sapling a daidai wannan wuri. Kyakkyawan ci gaba da sauki sauƙin rayuwa na matasa pears suna tabbas.
Abu mai mahimmanci kafin dasa shuki shine shiri na ƙasa. Mafi kyau ga pear ne sandy-clay medium.
Amma girma mai girma da girbi na gaba zai samar da launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa. Ya kamata duniya ta zama mai tsabta sosai, a cire shi kuma a yi masa allura tare da ganima domin "numfasawa".
Yawan ƙananan ya kamata mita mita da rabi mai zurfi, kuma, ma, ya kamata a sanya a kasa ƙasa da gauraye tare da peat da kuma hadu da kilo 18-21 na taki.
Domin sapling don samun lokaci zuwa girma da karfi, girma, da kuma karfi a gaban m hunturu blizzards, ya zama dole don dasa "Karataevskaya" pear a cikin bazara. Duk da haka, ramin don dasa ya kamata a shirya a cikin fall. Lokacin da saukowa a ƙasa kada ta kasance yankunan daskararre ba.
Idan saukowa ya kasance a cikin fall, to sai su tono rami a gaba, a cikin makonni uku.
TAMBAYA: Kada ku dasa pear a cikin tsawon ruwan sama mai tsawo! In ba haka ba, tushen tsarin na iya rusawa. Amma a lokaci guda ya bushe tushen da ake buƙatar riƙe dan lokaci a cikin ruwa don rayar da su. Wannan zai sauƙaƙe rayuwa na seedling.
Lokacin saukowa Ana fitar da kullun da yake cikin rami cikin itace. Ya kamata a sanya ta gefen kudanci, kuma tabbatar da cewa ba ya dame shi da ci gaba da ci gaban pear. Bayan dasa, to dole ne a zubar da shi da buckets na ruwa guda biyu kuma a hankali a kwantar da rami.
Watering "Karataevskaya" pear a farkon shekara ta rayuwa ya cancanci M 4-5 sau da kakar (2-3 buckets). Bugu da ari, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire mai tsayi 1-2 sau a kowace kakar tare da hanyar ruwan sama.
A cikin shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa shuki, ya kamata a yi takalmin katako kuma a hade ƙasa. Wadannan ayyuka dole ne a gudanar a tsakiyar tsakiyar (farkon tsakiyar Maris). A lokaci guda daraja don tsayar da itacen kuma ya zama kambi mai layi.
Cututtuka da kwari
A matasan "Karataevskaya" pear Kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtukan fungal.
Alamar ita ce ta bambanta: Lyra, Ilyinka, Carmen, Vernaya da Noyabrskaya.
Duk da haka, akwai cututtuka da yawa wadanda suke da sauki:
- Black Cancer (ko "Wuta Antonov")
- //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html
Black ciwon daji ƙarƙashin dukkan sassa na itacen sai dai tushen.
Rassan da akwati suna cike da raunuka, wanda, fadadawa, a hankali ya lalata itacen.
Ganye ya fadi, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna rufe da baƙar fata baki daya, suna raguwa da mummified.
Muhimmiyar: Dole ne a kula da ciwon daji na ciwon baki don hana yin watsi da wasu bishiyoyi. Ana nuna alamar launin toka da launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa, yana dauke da santimita biyu na itace mai kyau a kusa da shi. Ya kamata a bi da takaddun da aka samu tare da wani bayani na jan karfe sulphate.
Scab, idan ba a bi da shi ba, zai iya lalatar da pear. Kamar yadda a cikin akwati na baya, wannan cuta zai iya rufe kullun, harbe, buds, ganye, furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Duk wannan zai iya samar da ƙananan spots (daga 2-3 mm zuwa 2 cm), wanda zai yi girma da sauri kuma ya ninka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun zama kamar inedible: wuya, fashe da ƙananan.
Don aiwatar da magungunan kariya da warkewa na pear da ƙasa a kusa da shi tare da bayani na 7% na urea da Cakuda Bordeaux. Ana buƙatar yankunan da aka shafi da ake bukata cire kuma ƙone.
Har ila yau, don hana ci gaban kowane cututtuka a cikin pears, dole ne a tattara da kuma ƙone ƙananan ganye a kowace kaka.
Tun da yake ba za su iya zama masu sukar cututtukan cututtuka kawai ba, amma kuma suna jawo hankalin kwari wanda zai iya sa itacen bai zama mummunar cutar ba.
Babban abokan gaba na "Karatayevsky" matasan zasu kasance:
- Green aphid.
- Pear sucker ko leafblock.
- Pear mite
- Listovertka.
A kan wadannan kwari Ana amfani da spraying. Akwai jerin shirye-shirye na yau da kullum da nufin kawo lalata da kuma kawar da kwari, amma akwai wasu girke-girke da suka dace da suka kafa kansu a cikin ƙarni.
Daga Green aphid Mafi kyaun maganin sabulu.
Larvae listobloshki yana kashe ƙurar taba, wani kayan ado na yarrow ko chamomile.
Don pear mite m bayani na colloidal sulfur.
Kariya listworms Zaku iya amfani da albasa mai tsami ko tafarnuwa daga.
A ƙarshe, ina so in ce cewa "Karataevskaya" pear wani samfurin samfurori ne na ƙwararrun bred, wanda ya iya kafa kansa a matsayin mai dadi, mai ban sha'awa, mai banƙyama cike da bitamin da ƙwayoyin jiki, kuma kamar kyakkyawar itace mai kyau da kulawa da kyau yana sha'awar idanu kuma yana ado duk wani biki mãkirci.
Watch bidiyo game da pear na "Karataevsk" iri-iri.
