Shine kyakkyawa - Persian cyclamen. Kula gida da girma

Cyclamen Persian an fi girma sosai a matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida da greenhouse. Tsarinsa na ado, furanni mai haske sun damu da tsire-tsire masu furanni, waɗanda basu hana matsalolin da suka haifar daga kulawa da shi ba.

Ba shakka babu amfani da na Persian Cyclamen shi ne cewa yana da tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu, lokacin da basu da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi sau da yawa ana amfani dasu daya lokaci, kamar abin da yake cikin bouquet, tun lokacin cyclamen na Persian yana nufin shuke-shuke ephemeroid. Zamanin rayuwarta ya kasu kashi biyu: ragowar, har zuwa watanni 9, da girma da furanni, ci gaba da sauran shekara.

Harshen shuka da bayyanar da hoto

Persian Cyclamen, sanannun masu shuka furanni kamar tsalle mai tsayi, Dryakva - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire mai tsauri daga kwayar Cyclamen na iyalin Marcin (bisa ga wasu jinsin botanical - Primrose).

A ƙasa za ku ga hoto na Cyclamen Persian:

Asalin

An kira ƙasar da ake kira Yammacin Rumunan, amma yankin da ya rarraba ya fi girma kuma ya hada da - Gabashin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Spain, da kuma Ukraine.

Tarihin tarihi

Na farko ya fara girma Cyclamen Persian a gidajensu da lambuna na Romawa, wanda yake da rarraba shi a matsayin gidan gida a Turai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, yawancin irinta da kuma hybrids, da dama da siffofin da yawa, waɗanda aka samu nasarar amfani da su a cikin ofisoshin, gidajen lambun hunturu, kayan aiki, an ci gaba.

A lokacin da aka dasa da kuma kula da cyclamen, kulawa ya kamata a dauka - furensa, furanni da fure-fure na da guba. Rike tubers daga samar da yara da dabbobi..

Bayanan Botanical

Persian cyclamen a tsawo ya kai 30 cm, ko da yake dada (har zuwa 15 cm) da matsakaici-sized (har zuwa 20 cm) iri da hybrids da aka sani.

Tubers suna da nau'i-nau'i (4-15 cm a diamita) tare da wani nau'i na girma. Ramin da aka tattara a cikin lakabi na Rosette mai launin fata ya fita tare da diamita na har zuwa 14 cm, tare da fata mai launi wanda aka haɗe shi da ƙwayar nama tare da launin fata mai laushi, launin ruwan kasa-kore petioles. Sarkakken launin azurfa, wanda ya zama nau'i mai ban sha'awa, ya ba da kayan ado na musamman don duhu ko haske.

Furen bisexual suna da haske, tare da biyar aka nuna, a wasu nau'o'in fringed, manyan (har zuwa 5 cm) petals, Bloom a tsawon (15-20 cm) peduncles. Ƙananan man fetur yana da baya, yana ba da furen kama da malam buɗe ido. Launuka suna bambanta - dukkanin inuwoki na fari, ruwan hoda, Lilac, ja, burgundy, purple, purple, lilac. A lokacin tsawon flowering a kan wani shuka iya Bloom har zuwa 100 furanni.

Flowering na faruwa a lokacin hunturu-hunturu kuma, dangane da nau'o'in da kuma yanayin tsarewa, yana daga kwanaki 10 zuwa wasu watanni. Persian cyclamen yana nufin tsire-tsire a matsayin ephemeroids, faduwa foliage da hibernating bayan flowering.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, shuka zai iya zama a gida na shekaru 20-25.

Yanayin tsarewa

Noma na ci gaba na cyclamen na Persian ya dogara ne da biyan ka'idojin kiyayewa. Da farko, kana buƙatar ka zaɓi fure a cikin shagon daidai.

• Saya. Zai fi kyau saya cyclamen a lokacin budding. Ƙarin furanni akwai a kan shuka, mafi kyau.

  A cikin flower mai kyau, ganye suna da launi mai launi mai laushi, ba tare da lalacewa ba, tare da kullun mai kyau. Tsuntsaye mai karfi, elongated sama.

  Tubers ya kamata ya shafe ƙasa daga rabi. A tsakiyar flower ba kamata ta yi launin toka ba, ta nuna alamar shan kashi na launin toka.

• Yanayi da haske. Mafi mahimmanci, cyclamen na Persian yana jin dasu a ɗakunan da ke cikin taga ta windows wanda ke gabas ko yamma. Haske ya fi dacewa haske, amma diffused. Hasken rana mai haske zai iya haifar da ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki. Tare da rashin haske, ganye sukan fara juya launin rawaya da bushe.
• Zazzabi. Domin tsawon flowering cyclamen bukatar sanyi. Zazzabi rana a cikin + 12-16 ° C, dare + 10 ° C. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya tashi sama da + 20 ° C, injin ya fara shirya don sauran lokacin - ya lalata launi, ganye suna fara juya rawaya kuma sun fadi.

  Ya kamata a tuna cewa cyclamen ba ya jure wa sauyin canji a cikin zazzabi da zane. A lokacin sauran lokacin, an ajiye shuka a cikin daki mai yawan zafin jiki na + 12-25 ° C.

• Humidity da kuma ingancin iska. Cyclamen Persian yana buƙatar matsanancin zafi ko matsakaici. Don kula da alamar mafi kyau, iska a kusa da shuka tana shafuwa a kai a kai, yana ƙoƙari kada ya fadi a kan furanni, kuma an sanya tukunya a cikin tanderun da aka cika da pebbles na yumbu (fadada yumbu).
  Cyclamen bai yarda da iska mara kyau ba, hayaki taba. Yana buƙatar samun dama ga iska mai tsabta, saboda haka ana yin motsi a cikin dakin ba tare da samar da takarda ba, kuma ana ajiye tukunyar da furanni a nesa da nisa daga juna.

  Don inganta tsarin photosynthesis, ƙura daga ganye an cire tare da goga mai laushi.

• Ƙasa. Shirye-shiryen haɗuwa ga tsire-tsire bulbous, cakuda gonar lambu mai kyau tare da kogin yashi, wani cakuda ƙasa mai laushi (3 sassa) kuma ya ɗauki kashi 1 na humus, yashi da peat zai dace da haɗin ƙasa.
• Watering. A lokacin "farfulness" - uniform, matsakaici, na yau da kullum (kowace rana). Dole ne kada a daskare ƙasa ko kuma bazalaga.

  Zai fi kyau a saka tukunya tare da furanni na minti 15-20 a cikin kwanon rufi da aka cika da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin dakin da zazzabi, ko kuma ruwa mai laushi a gefen gefen tukunya, da guje wa ruwan samun a kan tubers da takarda rosette.

  A lokacin sauran lokutan, an rage watering sau ɗaya a mako ko tsaya gaba daya. Da farkon ci gaba da sababbin ganye, ana ƙara yawan karuwar watering.

• Top dressing. Cyclamen yana karɓar takin gargajiya, ana amfani da takin mai magani:
  1. 20 days bayan dasa (dashi);
  2. a lokacin da ake sabbin sababbin ganye, tare da daidaitawa sau ɗaya kowace rana 10-14;
  3. A lokacin budding da flowering, an yi amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci tare da babban abun ciki na phosphorus kowane mako biyu.

Kulawa na gida

Yadda ake kulawa a gida? Yayin da yake kula da shi, dole ne a la'akari da ƙayyadadden tsarin rayuwarsa - kasancewar wani lokaci na ci gaba mai girma (flowering) da kuma lokacin hutu.

A lokacin hutu

Bayan ƙarshen lokacin ci gaba, ana cire kayan furanni daga cikin shuka.. Shuka su ba shi da daraja, zai iya cutar da shuka. Fure-fure a hankali suna karkatarwa a gindin wani motsi mai kaifi. Bar su karɓe, don kada su lalata tuber, sai su fada kansu. Ana kawo saurin sauƙi a ƙarami.

Da zarar cikin tukunya ɗaya tuber zai iya zama:

1. Ɗauka tukunya tare da cyclamen a gonar ko a kan baranda, sanya shi a cikin duhu, a wasu lokutan yin amfani da shi don hana ƙurar ƙasa daga bushewa. A watan Agustan Satumba, an mayar da shuka zuwa wurin asalinsa kuma ya kara yawan waterings.
2. Gwura tuber, kunsa cikin takarda mai nauyi kuma saka a cikin akwati don kayan lambu a firiji har sai kaka. A ƙarshen lokacin rani, ana kwashe "tuban" tuber da kuma dasa shi.
3. Watsi yana raguwa a hankali, har sai an gama shi. Bayan bayanan karshen ganye, tukunya tare da sauran tuber an ajiye shi a gefe. A cikin Yuli Agusta kuma, an shuka shuka, zazzagewa.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, cyclamen blooms sake cikin watanni 2-3.

Tashi

Tare da farkon rudani na sabon ganye, yana da kyawawa don dashi da shuka. Gyara algorithm yana da sauki:

1. An zaɓi babban tukunya mai nau'in kilo 2-3 cm fiye da diamita.A cikin babban akwati, tsire-tsire yana da ƙananan buds, furancin ya zama ƙasa maras kyau kuma yana da dindindin.
2. Ana kwantar da kwalliyar kwalliya da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka shirya a cikin tukunyar.
3. An rushe rhizome a hankali, an girgiza ƙasa, yana barin wani ɓangare akan tuber. Tuber 2/3 binne a ƙasa.
4. Bayan an dasawa, kafin farkon flowering, ana amfani da takin mai magani na ma'adinai don tsire-tsire masu furanni sau biyu a wata.

Cututtuka na kowa da kwari

Cyclamen Persian yana fama da launin toka da fusarium. Daga Fusarium, an shayar da shuka tare da bayani na 0.1% na Asusun ajiyar kayan abinci da kuma yaduwa da Topsin-M. Idan ana gano alamar launin toka mai launin toka, ana amfani da masu ƙwayar cuta.

A lokacin da kullun kwari, kwari (gurasar gizo-gizo, cyclamen mites, aphids, thrips, giwaye beetles, ƙananan kwari) amfani da acaricides da kwari (Fitoferms, Aktellik, Aktar).

Kiwo

Mafi yawan cyclamens na zamani shine hybrids.. Lokacin da girma daga tsaba, halaye iri-iri sun yi hasara, tsire-tsire ya zama m, aikin da tsawon lokacin flowering ya rage.

Bugu da ƙari, hanyar da ake gudanarwa na aiki. Don farawa, an shuka shuka ne, don haka an tattara tsaba, an gina shi, Ana sarrafa shi, kuma ana shuka a kan bishiyoyi. Seedlings, bi da bi, nutsewa, ciyar, ƙarfafa da kuma kawai to, dasa. Wani shuka da aka samo daga tsaba, ba shi da shekaru fiye da shekara guda, ko ma biyu.

Har ila yau, rarraba tuber ba ya ba da sakamako mai kyau. Mafi sau da yawa, tuber yana kara gubar guri da shuka ya mutu. Hanyar mafi sauki ita ce sayen tsaba, tubers ko sabon shuka a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki.

Fusho kamar

Cyclamen Persian yana kama da sauran wakilan irinsa (Afirka, m, Balearic, Cypriot, Girkanci, Colchian, Labanon, Ivy, ban mamaki, Turkiyya, Somaliya). Duk da haka, yana da rikice rikice tare da cyclamen purple (Turai). Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta bambanta wadannan jinsin biyu ta ganye shine cewa a cikin nau'in Turai akwai ƙananan ƙananan leaf leaf ne a launi. Harkokin cyclamen na Turai bai zubar da ganye ba kuma baya fada cikin hutawa..

Mafi kama da cyclamen Persian na wani memba na Primula family - dodecateon. Yana da kyawawan kananan furanni tare da inflorescences tare da maida mai lankwasa a kan high peduncles. Dodecateon, ba kamar na cyclamen na Persian ba, yana rani a lokacin rani.

Kamar dancin Persian cyclamen, a cikin hunturu hyacinths da Uzumbar violets Bloom. Furen wasu hyacinths da Uzumbar violets kama da furannin cyclamen.

Mutane da yawa masu shuka furanni suna la'akari da cyclamen wani tsire-tsire na Persian. Duk da haka, kula da shi ba wuya. Masu ƙaunar shuka a kan su windowsills dukan gidãjen Aljanna daga cikin wadannan shuke-shuke, faranta ido a cikin hunturu hunturu.