Merino tumaki suna sanannen su lafiya ulu. Yana da matukar bakin ciki da kuma taushi, banda haka, yana iya tsayayya da bambancin zazzabi mai yawa kuma yana da antibacterial Properties. Daga wannan ulu ne aka sanya kayan ado na kayan ado don aikin waje, farautar hunturu da kama kifi, saboda mutum zai iya jin dadi a cikinsu a yanayin zafi daga +10 zuwa -30 ° C.
Bari mu yi kokarin gano abin da ke bayyana bambancin launin salino, da kuma fahimtar manyan biyan kuɗi na waɗannan tumaki.
Maganar masana kimiyya sun bambanta a wurin da lokaci na haihuwar tumaki mai suna merino. Wasu kafofin sun ce an haifi wannan nau'in a ƙasashen Asia Minor. Tabbatar da wannan - tsohuwar hotunan akan abubuwan tarihi na al'ada da ragowar tumaki da aka samo a cikin kaburbura. Wani ra'ayi shi ne cewa mai cin gashin kansa mai cin gashin kai yana dan ƙasar Spain ne. An cire wannan nau'in daga can a cikin karni na 18. Kuma tun lokacin da tumakin tumaki suka fara yunkuri wajen kiwon dabbobi, an samu yawan adadin biyan kuɗi.
Shin kuna sani? Samun merino daga Spain bai zama mai sauƙi ba, domin ko da yake ana kawo jigun tumaki a fadin jihar ya dogara ne akan kisa. Harshen Birtaniya da aka sace su.
Yawancin Australia sun sami nasara mafi girma a samar da kayayyaki. A Ostiraliya, inda akwai yanayi mai kyau, wanda aka yi amfani da gashin gas din din a kan sikelin masana'antu. Har wa yau, wannan nahiyar da New Zealand sun kasance masu jagoranci a duniya don yin gashi na salino.
Australian merino
Dalili don kiwon amfanin gona na Australian Merino shi ne tumaki, ana fitar dasu daga Turai. A lokacin gwaje-gwajen, 'yan Australia sun ketare su tare da kallon Amurka da kuma rambulan Faransa. A sakamakon haka, mun sami nau'i uku: nau'i, matsakaici da karfi, wanda ya bambanta da nauyin nauyi da kuma kasancewa / rashin fata. Abubuwan da suka kasance masu amfani da gashin tsuntsaye sun kasance na kowa ga kowane iri:
- high hygroscopicity (absorbs har zuwa 33% na girma);
- ƙarfi;
- babban matakin thermoregulation;
- sa juriya;
- elasticity;
- hypoallergenic;
- Abubuwan haɗi
- sakamako na antibacterial;
- magunguna.
Yana da muhimmanci! Merino wool ya warkar da kaddarorin. Ana ba da shawarar jin dadi don maganin wariyar launin fata, radiculitis, ciwo a cikin kashin baya da kuma gidajen abinci. A zamanin d ¯ a, an yi ta gado ga marasa lafiya da yara marasa haihuwa.
Yaren launi na tumaki Australiya yana da fari. Tsawon fiber - 65-90 mm. Merino ulu ne mai taushi, m ga tabawa. Nauyin rago marar girma ya kai kilo 60-80, awaki ne 40-50 kg.
Za ~ e
Marubuta na irin su ne masu shayarwa na Mutanen Espanya. Bayan haka, Jamus sun fara samo shi. Babban fasalin wadannan tumaki sun kasance gashi mai raɗaɗi da gajere (har zuwa 4 cm), da nauyin nauyi (har zuwa 25 kg).
Shin kuna sani? Rashin gashi na wasu masu biyan kuɗi shine sau 5 a cikin jiki fiye da gashin mutum (15-25 microns). Fitilar zabe na tumaki na da sau 8.
Duk da haka Mutanen Espanya sun kasance mai tausayi sosai, rashin amincewa da yawan zazzabi da ƙananan iya.
Negretti
A sakamakon binciken gwagwarmaya na masu kiwon tumaki na Jamus, an haifi tumaki Negretti tare da yawan adadin fata. Manufar Jamus shine cimma burin gashin gashi. Hakika, gashin Negretti ya karu zuwa 3-4 kilogiram daga tumaki, amma ingancin firam din yana da matukar tasiri, kamar yadda yawancin nama yake.
Rambouillet
Tun lokacin da masu kiwon tumaki suka sami karuwanci, bai tsaya ba kuma yana bunkasa a duk lokacin. Manoma na manoma a waɗannan ƙasashe inda aka saba da su sunyi ƙoƙari su samo asali mafi kyau ga yankin su. A ƙarshen karni na sha tara, Faransanci ta fara farawa mai suna ramboule merino. Irin nauyin tumaki na Faransa sun bambanta a cikin babban girma (har zuwa 80-95 kilogiram na nauyin nauyi), manyan gashi (4-5 kg), siffofin nama da kuma gina karfi. 
Shin kuna sani? Ɗaya daga cikin tumaki daga tumaki za su sami gashin tsuntsaye yawa don yin kusan wani bargo ko biyar tufafi.
An yi amfani da ramboule na musamman don zaɓi na sojan Soviet.
Mazaevsky merino
Mazaevskaya irin aka bred a karshen karni na sha tara ta hanyar Rasha tumaki manoma Mazaevs. Ya zama tartsatsi a yankunan da ke Arewacin Caucasus. An rarrabe ta da babban nastriga (5-6 kg) da dogon gashi. Bugu da kari, jiki na jiki ya gina, ƙwarewarsu da kuma yiwuwar yin aiki, saboda haka an watsar da su.
Novokavkaztsy
Tsibirin Novokavkaz, bred a sakamakon hawan gishiri da ramboule, ya kamata ya gyara lahani na Mazaev merinoes. Raguna na wannan nau'in sun zama masu wahala, da yawa. Jikinsu yana da raguwa kadan, amma gashi ya dan kankanin. Nauyin tumakin yaran ya kai 55-65 kg, awaki - 40-45 kg. Gwargwadon kowace shekara shine kashi 6-9.
Soviet merino
Maganar jama'ar Soviet "da sauri, mafi girma, da karfi" an haɗa su har ma a cikin kiwon tumaki. Sakamakon magunguna na Novokavkaztsy tare da tumaki da makiyayan tumaki na Soviet Union shi ne jarumi da manyan tumaki tare da kyakkyawan gini, wanda ake kira Soviet merino. Tana cikin raguna na wannan fansa wanda aka rubuta rikodin rubutun - 147 kg. A matsakaita, manya ya kai kg 96-122.
Gishiri daga cikin wadannan masanan suna da tsawo (60-80 mm), shekara daya da aka yi sheared shine 10-12 kg. Tumaki suna da ƙwayar haihuwa. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Wadannan takunkumin sun zama tushen tushen kiwon dabbobi da yawa daga cikin kyawawan nau'o'in tumaki da suka tsere masu kyau (Ascanian, Salsk, Altai, Grozny, Azerbaijan na ƙasar).
Grozny merino
Bred a tsakiyar karni na karshe a Dagestan. A cikin bayyanar kama da Australiya merino. Babban amfani da Grozny merino shine ulu: farin ciki, mai laushi, tsaka-tsaki da tsayi sosai (har zuwa 10 cm). Game da yawancin nastriga da kuma ingancin, wannan tallafin yana daya daga cikin shugabannin a duniya. Balagagge rago ya ba 17 kilogiram na gashi a kowace shekara, tumaki - 7 kg. Nauyin "mazaunan Grozny" yana da matsakaici: 70-90 kg.
Altai merino
Tun lokacin da tumaki masu cin abinci ba su iya tsayayya da matsanancin yanayin rayuwa a Siberia, likitoci na gida na dogon lokaci (kimanin shekaru 20) sunyi ƙoƙarin kawo tumaki zuwa wannan yanayi. A sakamakon hanyar ƙetare tsakanin mai suna Siberian da rambulae na Faransa kuma wani ɓangare tare da ƙwayar Grozny da Caucasian, Altai merino ya bayyana. Wadannan suna da karfi, manyan raguna (har zuwa 100 kg), tare da kyakkyawar gashin gashi (9-10 kg) 6.5-7.5 cm tsawo.
Asianian Merino
Ascanian merino ko kuma, kamar yadda ake kira su, ana gane Asmalan ramboule a matsayin mafi kyau na tumaki masu gudu a duniya. Bred shi a cikin ajiye Askania-Nova a cikin shekaru 1925-34. Abubuwan da aka kebanta su suyi hidima ga mazaunan Ukrainian. Don inganta lafiyar su da kuma kara adadin ulu, Academician Mikhail Ivanov ya ketare su tare da ramboule da aka kawo daga Amurka. Sakamakon masanin kimiyya ya zama mafi girma a cikin masu cin gashin kai, yana kai 150 kg tare da ulu mai laushi na shekara 10 ko fiye. 
A yau, aikin masu shayarwa, da nufin inganta man fetur na dabbobi da inganta dabi'u na gashin gashi, ya ci gaba.
