Yadda zaka shuka strawberries a cikin greenhouse duk shekara zagaye: fasaha da kuma ma'anar iri-iri

Strawberry - fi so ga dukan lambu - lalle ne a kan duk yankunan da ke kewayen birni.

Ba za a iya ce ta sosai da wuya a kulawaDuk da haka, lokacin da ya girma a cikin ƙasa, ba ya isasshen isassun bayanan da aka kashe.

Yanayin yanayi, cututtuka, rashin zafi, musamman a tsakiyar da arewacin kasarmu.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin greenhouse

Za a iya samun sakamako daban-daban idan kun yi girma cikin strawberries a cikin gine-gine a kan mãkirci. Amfanin girma da strawberries da strawberries a cikin greenhouse suna bayyane. Wannan zai bada izinin samun yawan girbi a shekara, rage haɗarin cututtukan cututtuka da kuma dogara ga yanayin yanayi.

Kula da zazzabi da ake bukata, zafi da kuma watering za a iya girma berries, wanda yana da mafi kyau dandano da kuma bayyanar, yayin da rike da matsakaicin amfani Properties.

Fasaha

A gaskiya, da fasaha na girma strawberries biyu - Rasha da Yaren mutanen Holland. Amma dole ne mu biya haraji ga masana'antunmu masu kirkiro, waɗanda suka bayyana yadda za su rage farashin fasaha na Dutch.

Rasha

Kayan fasaha na girma strawberries a cikin greenhouse kamar haka: ana rarraba ganyayyaki zuwa gadaje (adadin su ya dogara da girman tsarin) 1 m. An dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai nisa a nesa kimanin 30 cm daga juna. Za a iya saita a cikin layuka ko matsakaici.

Dutch

Wannan hanya tana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda yawancin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na 1. m greenhouses. Yadda zaka shuka strawberries akan wannan fasaha? Maimakon gadaje da aka gina tiers, wanda aka samo gwangwani da seedlings. 1 tukunya - 1 shuka. Adadin tayi ya dogara ne akan yadda girman ya dace don kula da aikin lambu. Amfanin wannan hanya suna bayyane:

• mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• Berry dauke da saukakawa;
• ƙananan hadarin cutar, saboda Berry bai taɓa ƙasa ba;
• high quality na samfurori da aka samu saboda gaskiyar cewa da shuka mai yawa sami haske, oxygen da zafi;
• ruwan sha don ban ruwa.

Harshen Rasha zuwa fasaha na Dutch

Our lambu ba su rage yawan farashin fasahar Dutch, miƙa wani zabi ga tukwane a cikin nau'i na filastik filastik. An zuba ƙasa cikin su kuma ana yin ramuka daga sama, inda aka dasa bishiyoyi na strawberry.

Bambancin zaɓi

Zaɓin dama iri iri na strawberry don greenhouse shi ne rabi yaƙi. Yadda zaka shuka strawberries a cikin greenhouse kuma abin da iri bukatar a dasa? Lokacin zabar dasa kayan ya kamata kula da waɗannan sigogi masu zuwa:

• girman da berries da dandano;
• remontant iri;
• rashin daidaituwa game da hasken rana;
• yankin da abin da samfurin ke bred;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• cuta juriya;
• kai-pollinated irin strawberries.

Idan strawberries sun girma don sayarwa, to, mafi kyau strawberry iri na greenhouse su ne shi ne mai yawa kuma ba ruwa, tare da matsakaici-sized berries. Yana da tsayayyar sufuri sosai kuma yana sayar da mafi girma fiye da ƙananan ko babba.

Wadannan iri sun tabbatar da kansu:

Alba - farkon sa tare da manyan berries da halayen kaya mai girma, yana da kwari akan cututtuka;

Sa'a yana da halaye iri iri kamar Alba;

Sarauniya Elizabeth - remontant iri-iri, babban mai dadi Berry na matsakaici yawa, Bears 'ya'yan itatuwa ba kawai a kan bushes, amma kuma a kan kwasfa na wannan shekara, dace da sufuri, na bukatar sabuntawa shekara-shekara;

Honey - manya mai yawa har zuwa 45 g, yana da babban haɗari kuma yana da tsayayya ga canje-canje.

Alice - unpretentious, tare da kyau rigakafi da manyan berries;

Christine - farkon cikakke, dace da sufuri.

Da farko, yawan amfanin gona na strawberry a cikin greenhouse ya dogara da zabi na iri-iri da fasaha na namo. Lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau da kuma kula da ingancin shuka zai ba da girbi a kowace shekara.
Wadannan abubuwan sun shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa:

• Hanyar girma;
• zaɓi na greenhouse;
• quality of dasa kayan;
• zazzabi, zafi da kuma watering;
• da takin mai magani mai kyau;
• cuta juriya;
• yanayin haske;
• Yanayin zabe mai kyau.

Shekarar shekara

Yaya za a shuka strawberries a cikin greenhouse duk shekara zagaye? Ciyar da strawberries a cikin greenhouse yana bukatar wasu ilimin da kuma fasaha da suka dace. Sa'an nan kuma za a bayar da kyakkyawar sakamako.

Zaɓin gine-gine

Wannan lamari ne mai muhimmanci, saboda gine-gine dole ne ya sadu da irin waɗannan bukatun kamar haɓakar thermal mai kyau, halayyar haske, ƙarfi da juriya ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau.

Sakamako mafi dacewa shine gilashin da polycarbonate. Yadda za a gina gine-gine don girma strawberries tare da hannayensu, karanta a kan yanar gizonmu.

Dasa kayan

Daga darajarta ta hanyoyi da yawa ya dogara da sakamakon karshesabili da haka, yana da kyau a saya shi a cikin koshin lafiya. Hanya na biyu - mafi inganci - don bunkasa shi da kanka daga riga an tabbatar da iri. Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar kayan shuka daga tsire-tsire masu girma a ƙasa.

Don yin wannan, a lokacin bazara, zaɓi mafi ƙarfin, mai kyau-fruiting bushes. Alama su da wani rubutu. A karshen Yuli tattara ƙwanƙolin mafi ƙarfi, da kyau-kafa tare da matsala ta ci gaba. Za a iya kwashe su zuwa wuri dabam domin domin tsakiyar tsakiyar kaka (kusan ƙarshen Oktoba) za'a iya canja su zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin wani gine-gine.

Shirya shiri

A lokacin da girma strawberries ta amfani da fasaha Rasha, kasar gona an shirya kamar haka:

• kasan gado mai tanadi yana cike da yumɓu mai yalwa ko lahani mai kyau don 5-7 cm;
• biye da yashi daga 8 zuwa 10 cm;
• a saman yashi wani layi ne na ƙasa mai kyau kuma hadu da superphosphate da ammonium nitrate (10 g da 1 sq m).

Za'a iya kara peat a cikin ƙasa, ba kawai zai ba shi lalacewa ba, har ma ya samar da matakin da ake bukata na acidity. Baya ga waɗannan takin mai magani kuma yin potassium chloride (15 g da 1 sq. M). A cikin fasaha na Dutch, lokacin amfani da tukwane, kasar gona dole ne ta zama bakararre, ba mai guba da porous. Zaka iya amfani da peat steamed tare da yashi, ƙwayar kwakwa, ko perlite. Dole ne a shirya ƙasa sosai kafin dasa shuki strawberries.

Kada kayi amfani don strawberry ƙasa bayan dankalin turawa ko albarkatun giciye (kowane irin kabeji, salads, radishes). Ƙasar da ta fi dacewa wadda aka shuka hatsi.

Saukowa

Ana yin lakabi daga Oktoba Oktoba zuwa karshen watan Nuwamba ko kuma karshen Fabrairu - Maris na farko. Don kawar da kwasfa a cikin lambun, an yi kwakwalwa na 8-10 cm. Nisa tsakanin bushes Ya kamata ya zama kimanin minti 30. Don kauce wa tsinkayen shuka zuwa wani sabon wuri, ya fi dacewa don canja wurin kayan dasawa tare da haɗuwa, barin karin ƙasa a kan asalinsu.

Lokacin saukowa Ƙasa ba za ta cika da ƙasa ba. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, kasar gona tana cike da sawdust don adana ruwan. Rufe gado na gado tare da fim a cikin greenhouse ba shi da daraja, zai iya haifar da laushi mai laushi da rotting daga cikin asalinsu. Dole ne a kiyaye kwanakin farko a cikin greenhouse a zafin jiki ba kasa da 25 ° ba, a cikin sakon za'a iya saukar da hankali zuwa 15 °.

Hotuna na strawberries a cikin greenhouse:

Abubuwan kulawa

Strawberry wata mace ce mai ban sha'awa, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci ga girbi mai kyau. cikakken bin ka'idodin kulawa mata.

Ruwan jini

Idan ba ku kula da pollination ba, amfanin gona ba zai iya samun kome ba. Wannan shi ne babban matsala na girma greenhouse strawberries. A cikin ƙasa mai bude an kwantar da shi ta hanyar kwarita amfani da iska da ruwan sama. Don strawberries a cikin greenhouse, za ka iya amfani da wadannan kayan aiki da hanyoyi:

1. Don tsarawa iska tare da magoya. Za su haifar da motsi na iska wanda zai canja wurin pollen daga wannan shuka zuwa wani. A mita mita 100. m isa 3 magoya baya. An haɗa su kawai a lokacin flowering. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i a rana zai zama isa sosai. Don yayi girma remontant strawberries a greenhouse - wannan za a yi fiye sau da yawa, kamar yadda suke Bloom sau da yawa a kakar. A wannan yanayin hadawa ya kamata a yi har zuwa sau 3 a mako don 3-4 hours. Amfanin har zuwa 90%.
2. Idan greenhouse babban, zaka iya saka hive tare da ƙudan zuma a cikinta. Duk da haka, wannan hanya tana da matsaloli masu yawa.
   Space don tashi ƙudan zuma bai isa ba, don haka dole su saki. Bugu da ƙari, za su iya jawo. Amma fasaha na pollination har zuwa 95%.
3. Ruwan ruwan sha daga maɓuɓɓugarsu - rukunin ruwan sama na wucin gadi. Saboda adhesion na pollen zuwa danshi, maida hankali ne kawai 45%.
4. Tare da ba karfi iska da yanayin dumi za ku iya yin takarda a cikin wani gine-gine, buɗe windows ko kofofin daga wasu sassan.

Temperatuur da zafi

Idan bayan dasa shuki zazzabi za a iya saukar da shi zuwa 15 °, to, a yayin da ake tsire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma an shirya shuka don flowering, dole ne a sake tasirin zafin jiki.

Don wannan lokacin bai zama kasa da 18 ° ba. A lokacin flowering Dole a kula da zafin jiki na 22-25 ° don kauce wa faduwa daga ovary.

Yana da muhimmanci! Girwan zafin jiki zai haifar da girma ganyayyaki zuwa ga mummunar ingancin 'ya'yan itace.

Humidity wata alama ce mai muhimmanci. don ci gaban shuka. Bayan dasa shuki don mafi kyau cigaban seedlings, ya kamata ba kasa da 85%. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi tushe, an rage hankali zuwa kashi 75%. A lokacin flowering da fruiting iska zafi kada ya wuce 70%.

Haske

Lighting kai tsaye rinjayar da yawan amfanin ƙasa na strawberries. Wannan yana da mahimmanci idan kuna girma cikin strawberries a cikin greenhouse a cikin hunturu. A matsakaici, a cikin hunturu, hasken rana don shuka ya kamata akalla sa'o'i 12. Zaka iya fadada shi kamar haka, ciki har da hasken wuta:

• da safe daga 8 zuwa 11;
• da yamma daga karfe 5 zuwa 8

Don haɗawa da ƙarin haske a cikin gine-gine mai dacewa da fitilu masu haske da bakan gizo. Don girma strawberries tare da haske, za ka iya hawa kai tsaye sama da gadaje. Ba su da zafi kuma basu iya cutar da tsire-tsire. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da fitilu na mercury da na sodium, waɗanda aka tsara musamman ga greenhouses. Fitilar sodium yana da launi bidiyo kusa da hasken rana.

Watering

Hanyar mafi dacewa - drip ban ruwa. Kyakkyawan cewa zaka iya fasa takin mai magani a cikin ruwa, tsarin atomatik ya daidaita zuwa mita da ƙarar ruwa. Bayan dasa shuki da kuma kafin flowering, ana amfani da hanyar sprinkling. Sa'an nan kuma an maye gurbin ta ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen don guje wa ruwa daga fadowa a cikin ganyayyaki. Halin watering watering - 1 lokaci cikin kwanaki 10.

Top dressing

Feed strawberries bukatar 1 lokaci a kowace mako. Ana yin watering kafin yin takin. Kafin kafa ovaries yin gyaran ruwa. Sau da yawa amfani da droppings tsuntsaye narkar da a cikin rabo na 1:15.

Wannan abun da ake amfani da shi shine: gishiri mai potassium (17 g), phosphate taki (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10) ana diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Za a iya amfani da takin mai magani na musamman don strawberries, wanda yanzu akwai a babban tsari. Kafin fara 'ya'yan itace, an dakatar da abincin ruwa.

Cututtuka da kuma rigakafin su.

Greenhouse ba cikakkiyar kariya ba ne akan hadarin cututtuka daban-daban a cikin shuka.

Amma hana shi sauki fiye da maganiSaboda haka, ya kamata a dauki matakai don hana su:

• a kullum iska da greenhouse;
• Kada ka shuka seedlings ma kusa da juna;
• Kada ku canza shuka;
• lokaci zuwa takin.

Babban cututtuka

1. Farin fari. Yana faruwa a lokacin da zafi ya yi yawa, ba a bi da shi ba. An cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire nan da nan kuma kone su. Don prophylaxis zaka iya bushe iska a cikin greenhouse;
2. Farin fari. Dalilin bayyanar shi ne wuce kima watering da high zafi. Ana bi da shi tare da Falcon, Euparin ko jan karfe sulfate shirye-shirye bisa ga umarnin zuwa gare su;
3. Mealy dew. Dalilin shi ne high zafi da kuma low zazzabi.. Ana bi da shi da jan karfe sulfate ko sabulu bayani (4%). Zai fi dacewa don cire tsire-tsire masu ciwo da kuma daidaita yawan zafin jiki da zafi;
4. Late Blight. Yana rinjayar tushen asalin. Bayyana - redness daga cikin tushen ba zai iya ganowa ba. Sabili da haka, idan a karshen watan Mayu tsire-tsire zata fara bushe, dole ne a rushe shi kuma a duba tushen.

Girma a cikin wani greenhouse greenhouse halin kaka - aiki da kudi. Amma sakamakon yana da daraja. Lokacin da sauran suka fitar da bishiyoyin daskararre daga firiji, za ku iya cin abinci a kanta daga cikin daji. Nasarar da girbi mai ban sha'awa!

Dubi bidiyo na yadda zaka shuka strawberries a cikin greenhouse: