Tumatir suna da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire mai zafi, sun yi girma a kan ƙasa a yankunan kudancin. Haka kuma zai yiwu a sami amfanin gona mai kyau da kuma inganci a cikin Urals, ya isa ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau. Tsarin yanayi ya ba ka damar samun girbi na fari a Yuli.
A cikin labarin da aka gabatar za mu tattauna game da yadda za a zabi iriccen iri na tumatir, la'akari da yanayin hawan dutse na wannan yankin.
Za ku koyi yadda za'a shirya greenhouse, shuka tumatir da shi kuma shirya yanayi mafi kyau ga su. Za mu gaya muku game da hanyoyi da dama da ke ba ku izinin girbi mai kyau.
Shin zai yiwu a shuka tumatir: ribobi da fursunoni, matsaloli, fasali
Shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouse, bisa ga wasu dokoki - tsari ne mai sauki kuma mai albarka, kuma yana da amfani mai yawa. Abũbuwan amfãni a kan namo a filin bude:
- Za'a iya fara shuka a watan Afrilu, wanda zai ba da girbi a baya.
- Greenhouse yana kare tumatir daga yanayi mara kyau.
- Babu buƙatar ruwa da tsire-tsire sau da yawa.
- Tsarin gine-gine na samar da tumatir da lafiya mai kyau da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Tumatir tumatir, idan aka kwatanta da ruwan karkashin kasa, ana adana tsawon lokaci.
Tabbas, akwai ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin tumatir a cikin tumatir greenhouse - sun kasance kadan a cikin dandano ga tumatir girma cikin ƙasa, kuma, saboda tsarin da ake bukata na greenhouse, farashin su ya karu.
Wanne iri ne za ka zabi?
Mafi shahararrun iri a cikin Urals sune:
"Bull zuciyar"
"Zuciyar Bull" tana nufin mahimmancin tumatir iri-iri. Ganye yana da karfi mai tsayi kuma ya kai mita 2; Wajibi ne don samar da wata daji a 1-2 mai tushe.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, kowane daji zai iya ba har 10 kilogiram na amfanin gona. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun isa nauyi har zuwa 500 g.
"Kifi Kifi"
"Goldfish" yana nufin iri-iri marasa tsayi. Bushes suna da tsayi, daga mita 2 da sama; zama dole. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai taro 100 g.
Har ila yau, yawancin iri iri iri na "Girman Farin", "Gilabovsky," "Kiev", "La-la-fa F1", "Siberian farkon", "Peremoga", "Rosemary F1" da sauransu.
Tsarin matakan shirya
Shuka tumatir greenhouse na buƙatar yin shiri mai kyau da kulawa a kowane mataki na namo.
Yadda za a shirya wuri?
Kafin transplanting seedlings dole ne a shirya greenhouse: dole a wanke dakin, a sanyaya kuma a kwantar da hankali. Sa'an nan kuma an shirya gadajen - an sanya kananan ramuka don seedlings. Kowace ruwa an zuba shi da ruwa.
Ƙasa
Mafi mahimmanci ga tumatir shine cakuda sodium, humus da peat; Har ila yau, ya dace da cakuda lambun gonar da kuma sawdust cikin kashi 3: 2. Kowane buro na cakuda ƙasa don ƙarin ciyarwa an hadu tare da toka (0.5 l) da kuma superphosphate (3 boxboxes) da kuma gauraye sosai.
Shuka seedlings
Ana sanya tsaba a cikin wani bayani na 5% na tebur gishiri; lokacin da karfi da kuma manyan tsaba sun zauna a kasa, an fitar da su kuma dried dan kadan.
Kayan shuka, don kaucewa wasu cututtuka, an kashe su ta hanyar yin amfani da minti 10 a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g / 100 ml na ruwa), bayan haka an wanke su sosai sannan kuma an bushe su.
Nan da nan kafin a fara shuka, zai zama abin da zai dace don kwantar da tsaba a ruwa mai dumi na kwana 2, sa'an nan kuma kwana 3 don ci gaba a cikin injin daskarewa a zafin jiki na -3 ° C. Wannan hanya zai kara yawan rigakafi na tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin zafi na Urals. Tsaba taƙama ta hanyar wannan hanya ana shuka su a cikin kwalaye da tsawo na 5-6 cm.
Bayan shuka, an shayar da tsaba tare da ruwan dumi kuma an rufe ta da fim ko gilashi. Ruwa da tsaba dole ne kullum kafin farkon shoot (yawanci har zuwa kwanaki 4-5). A cikin makon, ana ajiye kwalaye da seedlings a wani zafin rana na 12-15 ° C da dare a zazzabi na 6-8 ° C, to, zazzabi za a kai zuwa 18-20 ° C da 10-12 ° C, daidai da haka.
Kashe
Dole ne a yi katakon bidiyo bayan kafar na biyu ta bayyana a kan shuka.
- An dasa shuki a cikin kofuna da ƙasa, amma saboda yanayi na Urals yana da kyau a yi amfani da tukwane na peat; Wannan zai gaggauta girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa makonni 2. Dole ne a cika kwakwalwa da wannan cakuda ƙasa kamar lokacin dasa shuki tsaba, barin 5-6 cm na kayan jari.
- Bayan kwana 10, kana buƙatar ƙara ƙasa kadan, bayan kwana 10 don cika tukwane gaba daya.
- Lokacin dakana, ana shuka seedlings 2 a kowace tukunya; bayan kwanaki 15-20, an cire mafi raunin da yankewa a kan iyakar tushen.
Yana da muhimmanci! Young seedlings bukatar a ciyar da phosphate taki - 5-7 tsaba na superphosphate da 2-3 tsaba na nitrophoska an sanya shi a kowace tukunya. An zubo sama daga sama kuma an shayar da shuka.
Watering da ciyar
Tumatir seedling baya buƙatar m da kuma yawan watering - ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa mai bushe. Ya kamata a zazzage ruwan da zafin jiki na 25-30 ° C. Wajibi ne don ciyar da seedlings a karo na farko a cikin makonni 1-2-2 bayan ɗaukar, sai kawai idan ya cancanta.
Za ka iya yin taki taki "Azofoska" ko jiko na ash: 1 kopin ash da lita 10 na ruwa, watering da seedlings karkashin tushen.
Umurnin mataki-mataki-mataki: a lokacin da kuma yadda za a sake replant?
Lokacin mafi kyau ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zuwa greenhouse shine watanni 1.5 bayan fitowar. Mafi girma bushes tumatir yawanci dasa kadan m fiye da wasu, bayan cire ƙananan ganye. Kafin dasa shuki tumatir a cikin greenhouse, dole ne a shayar da su sosai.
Ana bada shawara don shigar da abin da aka sa a garder a ramukan kafin dasa, don kada ya lalata tushen. Ka shirya kananan ƙananan (10-15 cm a diamita) a kan ƙananan ƙananan humus ko cakuda itace ash (dintsi) tare da teaspoon na superphosphate, to, kowannensu yana cike da lita 2 na wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate.
Tumatir an shuka su ne a cikin gine-gine tare da zane mai launi. Ramin ya cika da ruwa, kuma an sanya shukar a cikin datti. Seedlings overgrown dasa a karkashin wani karkata kuma yayyafa wani ɓangare na kara tare da ƙasa.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙasa a kusa da shuka daji sannan a yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Don hana phytophthora, shuke-shuke suna fesa tare da cakuda Bordeaux (100 g / 10 l na ruwa) ko jan karfe chloroxide (40 g / 10 l na ruwa).
Bayan mako guda, kana buƙatar sassauta ƙasa kadan, don tabbatar da cewa tushen oxygen.
Babban matakai
Matakan farko na noma suna kulawa sosai a cikin kakar girma:
- Yawan shuke-shuke a karo na farko ya kamata ya zama kwanaki 5-6 bayan an dasa shi cikin cikin gabar mai da ruwa mai dumi (20 ° C). An bada shawarar zuwa ruwa a tushen, da safe, kowace 4-5 days; a lokacin flowering flowering tumatir, za su iya shayar more alheri.
- Ciyar da tumatir ya zama kusan sau 3-4 a lokacin rani:
- a karo na farko a cikin makonni 1-2-2, bayan kwana 10;
- na biyu (1 tsp potassium sulfate da kuma 1 tbsp) taki diluted cikin ruwa; amfani 5 l / m²);
- ciyarwa na uku ana gudanar da kusan makonni 2 bayan na biyu - ana shayar da bishiyoyi tare da bayani na ash da superphosphate (2 tablespoons da 1 tsp da lita 10 na ruwa, amfani da lita 7 / m²);
- Ana yin gyare-gyare na huɗu a lokacin da tumatir fara farawa 'ya'yan itace - 1 tsp. sodium humate da 2 tbsp na superphosphate da lita 10 na ruwa, amfani da 5 l / m².
- Dole ne a yi iska 2 hours bayan kowace watering. A cikin zafi na ƙofar da windows ya kamata a bude a bude.
- Dole ne a yi gyare-gyare da kansa. A rana rana, kana buƙatar tafiya ta cikin layuka kuma dan kadan girgiza bushes tare da furanni, to dan kadan moisten ƙasa kuma dan kadan spray da furanni.
Abubuwan da ake bukata
Don yin girbin girbi da wadata, Dole a kiyaye wasu yanayi a cikin greenhouse - zazzabi, zafi, hasken wuta.
Humidity
Ya kamata a kiyaye zafi a cikin greenhouse a cikin kewayon 45-65%. Amma a lokacin yawan watering a lokacin da yake sa 'ya'yan itace, iska bazai isa ba; a wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don shayar da tumatir ta hanyar kwalabe na filastik. Suka yanke kasan kuma sanya wuyansa a kusa da kowane daji.
Zazzabi
Yana da muhimmanci! Filasan iska na greenhouse bai wuce + 25 ° C, ƙasa - + 10 ° C.
Don kula da yawan zazzabi mafi kyau akwai hanyoyi da dama.
Don rage yawan zafin jiki:
Amfani da fim mai nuna haske.- Spraying m ganuwar greenhouse tare da bayani na alli da ruwa (1: 5).
- Watering shuke-shuke da sassafe.
- Idan akwai zafi, ana iya rufe greenhouse tare da kayan kayan ado, maigidan mai.
- Fitarwa na lantarki fan.
Amfani da fim mai nuna haske.Don ƙara:
- Rigar da greenhouse tare da karin fim, zuwa sama rata sama da ganuwar.
- Ƙarin wasan motsa jiki a cikin gine-gine - katako ko karfe, an rufe shi da fim.
- Ƙasa ta ƙura.
Irin wannan fasaha ya ba ka damar daidaita yawan zafin jiki cikin + - 4-5 digiri.
Masking
Kwana guda bayan saukarwa a kan bishiyoyi, an kawar da ƙananan matakai; sake maimaita hanya kowane kwanaki 10. A lokacin da aka kafa a cikin 2 stalks, 1 stepchild aka bar a karkashin farko na fure goga. Tare da 3 mai tushe ban da "flower" stepson, bar wani, mafi karfi.
Haskewa
Samar da haske ta halitta ta hanyar dasa shuki daga layuka daga arewa zuwa kudu. Amma idan hasken yanayi ba ya isa ba, dole ne ka nemi yin amfani da hasken artificial.
A farkon matakan cigaban shuka, ana bada haske don kiyayewa har tsawon sa'o'i 20, hankali rage shi zuwa 12.
Yana da muhimmanci! Hasken wutar lantarki ashirin da hudu yana da ƙarfi, zai iya halakar da tsire-tsire.
Yawo
Shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouse na iya ba da albarkatun gona mai kyau, ko da a cikin yanayi mai tsabta Urals - har zuwa 15 kg / m². Amma tun da yanayi na musamman da kiyayewa na yau da kullum suna da muhimmanci ga tumatir na greenhouse, farashin amfanin gona zai iya zama tsayi. Za a iya rage farashin kuɗin ta hanyar kara yawan yankin greenhouse; farashin zai kasance daidai, kuma yawan girbi zai kasance mafi girma.
Tumatir ne mafi yawan amfanin gona a dukkanin yankuna, kuma yana yiwuwa a shuka su a cikin greenhouses a karkashin kowane yanayin damina. Ya isa ya dace da wuri da kuma samar da kulawa mai kyau.
