Kwayoyin da suka fara da karas suna da amfani, masu arziki a cikin bitamin da abubuwa masu alama. Wajibi ne ga wadanda suke so su ci da kyau kuma su kula da lafiyarsu. Wannan shi ne ainihin irin kararra.
Girma da farko irin karas yana da nasa halaye. Wannan labarin ya bayyana dalla-dalla matakai na noma, halaye na tushen da tarihin kiwo.
Bayar da shawarwari masu amfani don al'adun dasa, noma da kulawa da kyau a cikin shuka a gida.
Halaye da bayanin
Menene yake kama da shi?
Sakamakon sauti:
- Carrot Tushon yana da siffar allon gilashi tare da idanun ido.
- Kullum yawancin tushen, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kai 15 - 20 cm.
- Naman irin wannan karas ne m kuma yana da dandano mai dadi.
- Babban shi ne babban kuma m.
- 'Ya'yan itacen yana da tsawo da kuma lokacin farin ciki kore fi.
Mecece ce?
Da farko cikakke sa na karas Tushen ne na Amsterdam cultivar. An rarrabe ta da kyakkyawan inganci da yawan amfanin ƙasa na karas, dandano mai dadi.
Adadin fructose da beta carotene
100 grams na hatsi irin su Tushon ya ƙunshi 6 - 8% sukari, kuma adadin carotene yana da kimanin 11.5 - 11.9%.
Shuka lokaci
Yawan iri-iri na hatsi na farko ne. Lokacin mafi kyau ga saukowa shine ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu.
Seed germination
Tsaba na wannan iri-iri suna da nauyin ƙwayar germination.. Yawanci, wannan adadi ya fito daga kashi 78 zuwa 90, dangane da yankin girma.
Matsanancin nauyin tushen
Bisa ga masana'antun, nauyin nauyin karas yana kimanin 95-150 grams. Wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa suna iya aunawa da yawa.
Yawan aiki daga 1 ha
Yawancin karamin karas Tushon ba shi da nagari ga sauran sauran nau'in shahararrun mutane kuma yana da kimanin 295 - 416 centers a kowace hectare. A cikin yankuna da yanayin sauyin yanayi, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai kai kimanin 600.
Sanya aiki da kuma kiyaye inganci
Carrot Tushon yana da kyau. Ana iya amfani dashi don amfani na mutum da abinci da kuma dafa abinci, da kuma abincin man fetur. Labaran kiyaye inganci shine babban hasara na iri-iri. Rayuwar rai na wannan karamin ƙananan ƙananan ne.
Yankuna masu girma
Fasali na namo daga tushen:
- Karas ne kawai ba su da kyau kuma suna dace da namo a wasu yankuna na Rasha.
- Mafi mahimmanci, iri-iri yana da tushe a tsakiyar ɓangaren kasar da yankin Volga.
- A yankunan arewa da Siberia, sauyin yanayi ya fi tsanani, don haka dasa shuki yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.
A ina aka bada shawarar yin girma?
Tushon, kamar sauran nau'o'in karas na Yauren Amsterdam, ya fi dacewa don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Babbar abu ita ce zaɓi wuri mai dacewa domin tsire-tsire suna samun hasken rana.
Resistance ga cututtuka da kwari
Bai wa Carrot iri-iri yana da babban juriya kwari, ba batun daban-daban cututtuka ba. Don kauce wa irin waɗannan matsalolin, dole ne ku bi duk ka'idojin dasa da kula da kayan lambu.
Rubening
Tushon yana da nauyin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fara ba da jimawa bayan hunturu. Tushen tushe daga bisani ya karu a cikin 80 - 90 days bayan saukar da tsaba. Idan kun tattara shi a baya, kwanaki 60 bayan dasa shuki, karas zai kasance da dandano mai kyau.
Abin da ƙasa ke so?
Zai fi kyau shuka karas Kaɗa a cikin ƙasa, mai yalwa da oxygen-wadatar. Sandy da ƙasa mai laushi zasuyi aiki sosai. A kan mãkirci tare da ƙasa mai laushi ƙasa mai arziki girbi ya fi wuya a samu.
Frost juriya
Karas wannan nau'in suna da babban sanyi juriya, zai iya daidaita da yanayi daban-daban. Amma idan amfanin gona ya samo asali a cikin yankin da yanayin sanyi, an yi dasa shuki a baya, lokacin da kasar gona ta yi zafi kadan.
Tarihin kiwo
Tushon - iri-iri iri-iri na marubucin, wanda aka bred a Faransa. Dangane da ƙetare iri daban-daban, Tushon ya samo abubuwa masu yawa masu amfani, irin su high yawan amfanin ƙasa da juriya sanyi. Masu shayarwa kuma sun jawo hankali ga bayyanar tushen, suna sa shi kyau da kyau.
Menene bambanci daga wasu nau'in?
Kamar kowane nau'i na karas, Tushon yana da siffofinta na musamman. Tushen kayan lambu za a iya ganewa da sauƙin su ta hanyar bakin ciki na cylindrical da tsabta. Sabanin sauran nau'o'in, ainihin yana da kusan launi daya kamar ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Yawan nau'in keɓaɓɓun ganyayyaki suna da amfani mai yawa da ke jawo hankalin mazauna wurin lambu da kuma lambu. Yana da sauƙi kula, jure cututtuka da kuma parasites, high yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma mai kyau gabatarwa.
Saukowa
Fara fara dasa tsaba mafi kyau a tsakiyar bazara. Lokacin mafi dacewa shine Maris da farkon Afrilu.
- Kafin ka fara dasa, dole ne ka fara shirya tsaba. Don yin wannan, suna daɗaɗa don rana a cikin ruwa ko bayani don gaggauta girma. Don rarraba su a ko'ina cikin gadaje, zaka iya haɗuwa da tsaba tare da ƙananan yashi.
- An dasa itatuwan da aka shuka a cikin layuka a zurfin 2-3 cm. Ya kamata a yi nisa da 2 cm tsakanin layuka da tsaba da kansu. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a shayar da gadaje.
- Bayan dasa shuki, wajibi ne a kula da tsire-tsire akai-akai. Dole ne a rufe karas da peat da takin don hana weathering. Har ila yau zai iya kasancewa mai kyau taki.
- Ana tafiyar da bakin ciki na gadaje a cikin matakai biyu. A karo na farko, an gyara nisa tsakanin layuka zuwa 12-15 cm Bayan haka zaka iya ƙara shi zuwa 25 cm.
- Bayan watering da thinning, yana da muhimmanci don sassauta ƙasa don samar da tushen tare da samun damar oxygen.
Girbi da Kariya
Bayan kwanaki 70 zuwa 90, katako zai zama cikakke kuma a shirye su girbi. Yin amfani da albarkatun gona ya kamata a yi a hankali don kada su lalata su. Bayan girbi amfanin gona ya kamata a wanke kuma a bushe a rana.
Shelf rayuwa
Tushon ƙananan ne, don haka yana da kyau a yi amfani da amfanin gona nan da nan.
Cututtuka da kwari
Daban-daban iri ba batun daban-daban cututtuka da kwari. Don hana cututtuka, ana bada shawara ga disinfect tsaba kafin dasa.. Ba lallai ba ne don dasa asalinsu a wurin da dill, faski, cumin da parsnip suka yi girma. Wannan zai haifar da cututtuka da cututtuka.
Matsala daban-daban da mafita
Rashin kiyaye ka'idojin dasawa da kulawa na iya fuskanci matsaloli.
- Ya sau da yawa ya faru cewa karas suna da fasa, wanda ke haifar da wani deterioration a dandano. Ana iya kauce wannan ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun gona na yau da kullum, amma a lokaci guda suna guje wa kan-wetting ƙasa.
- Mutane da yawa sun fuskanci irin wannan matsala kamar yadda girman yanayin siffar 'ya'yan itace yake. Wannan zai faru idan kasar gona ta fi wuya. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe a sassauta ƙasa.
- Kwayoyin da ba su da kwarewa sukan fuskanci irin wannan kwaro, kamar kararrawa. Wannan zai iya faruwa idan ba ku cutar ba ko jiƙa da tsaba kafin dasa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar da ake kira clover da Dandelion suna janyo hankalin, don haka dole ne a hallaka weeds kafin dasa.
Irin jinsunan
Daga cikin nau'o'in karas akwai wasu jinsunan da suke kama da iri-iri na Tushon da suna da irin wannan kayan.
- Karas Yara m, da kuma Tushon, na Amsterdam cultivar ne, yana da tsaka-tsalle masu karfi da kuma samar da kyakkyawan ƙwaya.
- Aksonka karas kama da Tushon tare da ƙanshi, ɓangaren litattafan almara da juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban.
- Dara Nandrin kama da Tushon iri iri na farkon girka, cylindrical, ko da siffan.
Don girma karas Tushen ba dole ba ne don zama mai gwadawa. Ya isa ya bi dokoki na dasa da kulawa, sa'an nan kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau da dadi zasu zama kayan ado na tebur.
