Cows da shanu daga babban garke: ka'idoji na asali

A cikin gona kusan kowace girman, akwai kullun dabba a koyaushe. Wannan wani abu ne mai mahimmanci na dabbobi, wanda ya fi mayar da hankali ga riba da kuma dawowa akan kula da shanu. Anyi kyau da dacewa a lokacin da aka gudanar da zaɓin dabbobi ya ba da damar amfani da dabbobi sosai. A cikin wannan labarin zamu tattauna game da dalilai da kuma nau'in culling, yadda za a tantance matakin zabin shanu.

Abubuwan:

• Babban dalilai na culling
• Categoriyar Culling
• Gani
• An tilasta
• Yadda za a tantance matakin ƙwayar dabbobi
• Yadda za a gudanar da zubar da ciki a garke
• Fidio: kimanta darajar shanu

Mene ne

Ta hanyar culling yana nufin zabin da kuma cirewa (shanu) na shanu daga babban garke don dalilai daban-daban (yanayin kiwon lafiya, sayarwa, yanka). Maciyoyin da aka ki yarda su ne mafi raunin, marasa lafiya, da dabbobi waɗanda ba su da kyau sun dace da yanayin muhalli. Culing ne da aka gudanar don inganta samar da kuma kara dawo daga dabbobi.

Don tantance yanayin dukan garke da nau'in kowace dabba, ana yin jigon shanu.

Wajibi ne a gudanar da zaɓuɓɓuka bisa ga ka'idojin tattalin arziki, tun da matsayi na da yawa, kamar ƙananan ƙananan, mummunan rinjayar yawan amfani da kayan aiki.

Babban dalilai na culling

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na ɓarna shine shekarun dabba. Duk da haka, wannan dalili ne mai mahimmanci, tun da shekarun da kanta bai zama wani nau'i na zabi ba, har ma da shanu mai shekaru 10 ana iya kiyaye su a cikin garke ba tare da wata matsala ba, suna samar da yawan amfanin gona mai kyau.

Wani abu shine cewa tare da shekarun, wasu dabbobi na iya rage yawan aiki, pathologies da cututtuka na iya bunkasa, wanda shine dalilin dashi.

Duba kuma: mene nauyin nauyin saniya da abin da yake dogara da shi.

Babban dalilai na zaɓi na shanu shanu:

• asarar aikin haifuwa saboda cutetric da cututtukan gynecological da pathologies (30% na culling);
• ƙananan samar da madara da kuma sauran dabbobi (25% na culling);
• ƙananan cututtuka da cututtuka na ciki ba tare da cututtuka ba, har da limbs da hoofs (18% na culling);
• ƙwayar nono (13% na culling);
• wasu dalilai.

Magunguna sune daya daga cikin manyan dalilai na zaba da shanu.Daga yawancin, yawan culling a gonaki shine 25-35%, amma wannan adadi zai iya karuwa zuwa kashi 40-50% tare da fadada garken garke da karuwa a samar da madara. Sau da yawa, yawan ɓarna yana kara muhimmanci idan akwai fiye da shugabanni 50 a kowace ma'aikacin gona.

Ya kamata dabbobi masu kula da dabbobi suyi la'akari da tsarin mahaifa, da hanyoyin tafiyar da madara, da kuma gano abin da alamun cututtuka da hanyoyi na kula da kiwo da kuma nono da ke shayar da shanu.

Lokacin da aka samo sababbin shanu don nufin fadada garken, mutanen da suka zo da sauri sun kawo cututtuka zuwa garke, wanda ya kara yawan siffar dabbobi.

A cewar kididdiga daga wasu gonaki, kimanin kashi 50 cikin dari na dabbobin da aka haifa sune shanu ne na farko da na biyu. Wannan ba shi da amfani ga gonar, saboda shekaru 1-2 da kulawa na saniya a gaban shekaru masu girma ya biya kawai, saboda haka manoma zasuyi ƙoƙari su kara yawan 'ya'yan shanu.

Categoriyar Culling

Zaɓin dabbobi zai iya zama dalili kuma tilasta.

Shin kuna sani? A yau, akwai kimanin shanu dubu 1.3 a duniya. Shugabannin da suke kiwon shanu sune India, Tarayyar Turai da Brazil.

Gani

A wannan yanayin, akwai zaɓi na dabbobi masu lafiya don canja wuri na dabbobin, tallace-tallace zuwa wasu gonaki. Irin wannan culling shine barazanar tattalin arziki.

An tilasta

An kaddamar da kawar da shanu ba tare da an dade ba kuma yana faruwa ne sau da yawa saboda irin waɗannan dalilai:

• mastitis Yana tasowa a cikin shanu da yawan samuwa saboda rashin amfani da fasaha mai lakabi, ciyarwa da rashin bin ka'idodi da ake tsare;
• haɓaka haifuwa;
• cututtuka. Yawancin lokuta ana nuna su a cikin nau'in lameness. Ya faru ne saboda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, rashin kyau maras kyau, kwanciya ba daidai ba, da dai sauransu .. Tun lokacin da mutum ya haifar da ciwo mai tsanani saboda sakamakon raunin da ya faru, wannan zai haifar da rashin karuwar ci abinci, kuma, yadda ya kamata, madara yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• rikitarwa a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma calving. Daga cikin rikitarwa su ne cututtuka, zub da jini, matakan ƙwayoyin cuta, da raunin tasiri na haihuwa, da dai sauransu. A cikin kajin da aka haifa mai wahala, ana iya lura da yawan kayan samar da madara mai sauƙi. Dalili na wannan sabon abu - cin zarafin cin abinci da ciyarwa;
• cututtuka na ciki ba tare da ire-iren;
• cuta tare da unexplained etiology.

Cututtuka na ƙwayoyin hannu - ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da za a shawo shanu

Yadda za a tantance matakin ƙwayar dabbobi

Za a iya ƙidaya yawan cirewar dabba ta hanyar dabara ta biyowa: % a = 100% / T.

A wannan tsari, T yana nufin yawan shekarun da aka yi amfani da saniya. An san cewa yawancin yawan yawan lalacewar da aka yi a kan halayen na farko da na biyu, to, matakin ya rage. Alal misali, idan ana amfani da shanu don shekaru 5, to, yawan saukowa zai kasance 100/5 = 20%.

Zai kasance da amfani a gare ku don gano cututtuka da yawa na shanu da fasalin maganin su, kazalika da karanta game da haddasawa, cututtuka da kuma kula da cututtukan cututtuka na shanu.

Har ila yau, matakin kawarwa a cikin wani garke yana iya ƙididdigewa ta hanyar daban-daban: UV =P. general /Pv A cikin wannan tsari, P. p. Ya nuna adadin dabbobin da aka yi ritaya don wani lokaci. General general shine yawan shugabannin a cikin garke, wanda ya hada da zuriya da shanu da suka zo.

Yadda za a gudanar da zubar da ciki a garke

Dole ne a gudanar da zabin a tsakanin dukkanin kungiyoyi na yawan jama'a, yana da darajar zaɓar dabbobi ta hanyar shekaru da kuma yanayin kiwon lafiya:

1. Uterus. A cikin wannan rukuni, za a iya gwada iyawar haifa na mata. Idan matsalolin da ke faruwa a lokacin gestation ko a lokacin calving, mata ma sun ƙi, saboda sau da yawa bayan daɗaɗɗen ƙira suna da matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda ba za a iya gyara su ba ta hanyar tunani ko ba zai yiwu ba.
2. Manufacturers. Za a iya kwantar da kwalliyar har zuwa shekaru 14, amma an ba da shawarar cewa manoma su maye gurbin su kowace shekara 2-3 don kauce wa kiwo. Gobies ya kamata ya zama babban nau'in kiwo, yana da ƙarfin gina jiki. Tattaunawa da kuma zaɓar mai sana'a dole ne ya zama hanya mai zane don ingancin 'ya'yan da suka fito.
3. Fasa. Don kimanta 'ya'yan, yana da muhimmanci a auna nauyin a lokacin haihuwar, lokacin sauyawa zuwa abinci mai karfi da kuma aiwatar da kiyayewa, yana da mahimmanci don la'akari da ƙimar girma. Ƙarfi da rashin girma ko girma mai girma a nan gaba zai iya nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa.
4. By shekaru. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shanu masu shayarwa har zuwa lactation 6-7th. Don zaɓin, yana da muhimmanci a kwatanta matakan samar da madara ta hanyar garken tumaki da kuma gano mutanen da suke da alamun mafi ƙasƙanci.
5. Don dalilai na kiwon lafiya. Wajibi ne don saka idanu kan yanayin lafiyar jariri daga haihuwa, gudanar da gwajin gwaji a watanni 3, 9 da 12, sa'an nan kuma a kowace shekara.

Saboda haka, cowsing da shanu ne wani muhimmin tsari a cikin dabba dabba. Dole ne a dauki tsarin kulawa da zaɓin dabbobi, don tsara yawan zaɓi kuma, idan ya kara, bincika dalilin.

Mun bada shawara muyi la'akari da hanyoyi na kula da shanu.

Don ƙara karbar amfani, kana buƙatar kokarin fadada tsawon lokaci (lokacin amfani) na kananan shanu, samar da su tare da sharaɗɗa na kulawa, microclimate, rage cin abinci, da kuma bi dabarun da ka'idojin milking, kula da lafiyar su kullum.

Fidio: kimanta darajar shanu