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Dabba

Yadda za a iya kawo shanu

A cikin kasuwannin zamani na aikin noma, batun cinikin ba wai kawai kiwo da samfurori na shanu ba, har ma dabbobin da kansu. Saboda haka, an sabunta dabbobi da zaɓin sa. Domin ana amfani da nauyin nauyin nau'i mai nauyin kowane nau'in sufuri, duk da haka, domin harkokin sufuri ya zama nasara da kuma shari'a, dole ne a la'akari da wasu dokoki.

Dokokin don shanun shanu

Ana aiwatar da tsarin tafiyar da nauyin rayuwa mai nauyi na musamman ta dokokin majalisa na musamman, wanda al'ada ya cancanci kisa ba tare da la'akari da nisa na sufuri na dabba ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don shigo da shanu yana da muhimmanci don samar da abin hawa a cikin motar da ba ta da muni da mai zurfi.

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Harshen wannan hanya ita ce jarrabawar dabbobi ta likitan dabbobi, a ƙarshen abin da aka ba da damar izinin sufuri. Bayan samun takardun shawarwari, za ku iya ci gaba da kaiwa ga dabbobin da kansu:

  1. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da sauke kayan aiki (tsakanin, dandamali, gadoji, matakai, tsarin farfadowa), wanda aka kai shanu da bijimai zuwa kai. Yana da muhimmanci cewa kayan aiki yana rage raunin da kuma yiwuwar tsece dabba. Har ila yau, dangane da cututtuka na maganin abin da aka sanya shi.
  2. Kafin kayan aiki, duk abin da ake bukata don jin daɗin dabbobi sun shirya: sun yada kwalliya da hayaki mai zurfi a bene, suyi ruwa idan sun cancanta, kuma su rufe jiki tare da rumfa ko tarpaulin don kare shi daga rana daga sama. A cikin hunturu, suna shigar da karin wutar lantarki da hasken wuta.
  3. A ciki dole ne ka ba da ɗakunan wurare daban-daban da leash.

  4. Don kaucewa nauyin kiba an bada shawara a sanya shanu a kowane lokaci. Rashin watsi da wannan doka yakan jagoranci yanayin gaggawa a hanya.
  5. Dole ne a daura wajibi ne a ɗaure kai tsaye. Kuma ana ba da izinin samo ƙananan yara ba tare da leash ba, duk da haka, a cikin abin hawa, akwai isa ga kowa da kowa, la'akari da yiwuwar kwanta.
  6. A cikin lokuta inda loading ko saukewa na dabbobi yana da fiye da awa 4, sakon ko karbar ya kamata ya bada watering, ciyar, da kuma jarrabawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokuta na sufuri tare da dabbobi na wasu kayayyaki, an tsara su ta hanyar da za a cire raunuka da damuwa da shanu. A cikin ƙananan dabbobi tare da dabbobi an haramta shi sosai don sanya abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya cutar da dabbobi.

Shigo

Duk wani tafiya don shanu yana tare da damuwa, musamman ga shanu masu ciki. Hanyoyin ɓarna da tsalle a cikin motocin da ba tare da bin ka'idodin sufuri ba zai iya haifar da fuskoki, raunin da kuma lalacewa.

Don kaucewa wadannan sakamako masu ban sha'awa, dokar na yanzu ta tsara hanya na biye da shanu:

  1. Idan tafiya ya kasance ƙasa da sa'o'i 6, dabbobi ba zasu iya ciyar ba. A wasu lokuta, bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, yana da mahimmanci don yin hutu zuwa ruwa da kuma ciyar da dabbobi, da kuma tsabtace fili na ciki na ƙyallen saniya.
  2. A lokacin kaya ba za ka iya yin jigilar hanzari ba, juya ko wuce gudun.
  3. Dole ne a gudanar da sufuri tare da taimakon ma'aikata. Banda shi ne lokacin da mai ɗaukar hoto ya yi aiki tare da mutum ɗaya, da kuma lokacin da mai aikawa ya tanadar kula da dabbobi masu hawa a wuraren tsayawa. Bisa ga sharuɗɗa, dabbobin da suke ɗauke da su a cikin rufaffin kwantattun abubuwa, inda aka ba abinci da abin sha a cikin kundin da ke da sau 2 mafi girma fiye da bukatun da ake bukata, kuma bai kamata a hada dasu ba.
  4. Kafin farkon tafiya, dole ne a ba da izinin halittu masu rai suyi amfani da sabon yanayi.
  5. A cikin ɗakin sufuri, yana da mahimmanci don samar da iska, la'akari da yanayin yanayin yanayi, siffofin yanayi, yawan dabbobi da nau'inta.
  6. Ciyar da motocin kamata a kiyaye su daga dabbobi. Idan kana da tafiya zuwa ƙananan nisa a jikin jiki, dole ne bukatun kuɗi su rufe shi da tarpaulin.
  7. An hana yin amfani da masu amfani da kayan shafawa zuwa dabbobin da ke da alaka da sufuri. Abinda kawai ya kasance shi ne lokacin da irin waɗannan injections ya zama mahimmanci ga daidaitawar yanayin dabbobi. Duk da haka, yin amfani da wannan nau'i na kwayoyi ne kawai ƙwararren likita daga filin likitan dabbobi.
  8. Idan shanu ya bambanta da juna a cikin jinsi da jinsin haihuwa, kuma akwai matuka maras girma da kuma jinsi mata a cikin garke, ana gudanar da sufuri tare da rabuwa. Har ila yau, ba a yarda da cewa a cikin guda akwati a lokaci guda akwai mutane masu lalata da kuma a kan leash.
  9. A yayin da aka gano cutar ko mutuwar dabbobi a lokacin sufuri, mutumin da ya biyo baya dole ya sanar da mai ba da labarin abin da ya faru don tabbatar da rabu da marasa lafiya. Wajibi ne an ba da irin wa] annan mutanen na farko na kula da dabbobi. Idan ya cancanta, mutuwa zai iya faruwa, la'akari da tanadi na Mataki na ashirin da 17 na Dokar Ukraine "Game da Kariya daga Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Zama".
  10. Idan daya daga cikin shanu ya mutu a lokacin tafiya, likitan dabbobi ya kamata ya gano dalilai kuma ya bayar da shawarar kare lafiyar dabbobi.
  11. Bisa ga shawarwarin likitocin dabbobi, da rabuwa da dabbobi, wanda saboda wani dalili ba ya dace da ƙarin sufuri, ana gudanar da shi a wurin wurin da ke kusa.
  12. A cikin motar sufuri, dole ne a sanya dabbobi a hanyar da ma'aikata zasu iya wuce tsakanin su, su lura da lafiyar su.
Shin kuna sani? Slavs daga zamanin d ¯ a sun bauta wa shanu a matsayin alama ce ta haihuwa, kuma shanu a gare su sun kasance mai yawa da ƙarfin.

Saukewa

Bayan tafiya cikin nisan da ake buƙatar, mai ɗaukar shanu, lokacin da ya sauke shi, ya kamata la'akari da waɗannan shawarwari:

  1. Ya kamata a aiwatar da tsarin saukewa a cikin yanayin haske mai kyau ta amfani da dandamali na musamman.
  2. Yayin da aka janye kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya ya kamata a sanya shi a matsayi na tsaye, kawar da yiwuwar mummunan gigicewa, shinging ko ci gaba da motsi. Kwantena suna kimanin fiye da 50 kg, suna ba da lambar da ake bukata.
  3. An haramta shi sosai don cutar da su, ta doke su, danna wurare tare da karuwa da hankali, da kuma rataye shanu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki lokacin janye dabbobi daga sufuri.
  4. Ba za ku iya cire shanu da bijimai ba daga horns, da kai, kunnuwa, kunnuwan, wutsiya ko fata.
  5. Babu cikakkiyar yarda don amfani da allura, spikes da wasu kayan aiki na prickly lokacin da sauke dabbobi.
  6. Hanyar da aikin lantarki yana amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin sha'anin shanun da suka ƙi yin tafiya. Yana da muhimmanci a sami sararin samaniya a gaban shanu. Veterinarians sun bada shawara game da tasirin waɗannan abubuwa don kai tsaye zuwa ga tsokoki na jikin jiki, yana iyakance sakamakon su na 1. A cikin shari'ar idan dabba ba ya amsa da hankali ga mai kara kuzari, ana amfani da ita.
Yana da muhimmanci! Anyi la'akari da wadannan abubuwa marasa dacewa don sufuri: yara har zuwa kwanaki 10, jarirai ba tare da warkaswa ba, da shanu a cikin lokacin da sukayi ciki, mutanen da ke da raunuka mai tsanani, da kuma mutane da ƙaho mai taushi.

Shigo da sufuri

Don tafiyar da shanu a nesa, da kuma a lokuta inda yanayin jin dadi na keta tseren, ana amfani da sufuri na musamman, kuma ana iya yin nauyin nauyin rayuwa ta hanyar iska, teku, hanyoyi da hanyoyi. Bari mu duba dalla-dalla game da hanyoyin da kowane irin safarar dabbobin keyi.

Mota motoci (shagon shanu)

Muna magana game da motocin zamani na zamani tare da tsawo na akalla 100-110 cm, wanda aka sanye da ita:

  • rufe rufe don kare dabbobi daga ruwan sama, rana mai haske ko sanyi;
  • Ƙarƙashin shingen jiki (ba tare da la'akari da kakar da yanayin yanayi ba a saman shi an rufe shi da wani Layer na sawdust ko sabon bambaro);
  • tsarin iska;
  • dumama (dacewa kawai a lokacin hunturu-hunturu);
  • haske na ciki;

    • Rahotan shanu suna kiransa Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, Jersey, Holstein, Latvian Latvia, Red Steppe, Dutch, Ayrshire.

  • watering (mafi yawa ana warware matsalar ta tare da taimakon tankuna na ciki da lantarki na lantarki don samar da ruwa);
  • tsarin tsaro na wasan zorro, shinge, kulle da ɗakuna;
  • Ƙarfafaccen aikin gina jiki (musamman ma idan yazo da shanu da aka sawa);
  • Alamar musamman ga dabbobi, da kuma wurin da aka sanya ta tsaye;
  • Taki tarin;
  • high kofa tare da tsãni;
  • Ƙwararrun mita 2 da raƙuman tudu (ƙuƙwalwar ƙusa da kowane tsangwama suna cire);
  • da yawa ƙididdiga (idan akwai watsi da dabbobi masu cututtukan).
Yana da muhimmanci cewa motoci don sufuri na shanu ya kamata ya zama tsabta da bushe, ba tare da wani wari na uku ba. A wasu lokuta, likitan dabbobi suna buƙatar rigakafiyar jiki.

A cewar masana, shanu na shanu, kamar kowane nau'i na sufuri, dole ne samar da dabbobi da lafiya, da jin dadi don yin hidima ga dabbobi, da kuma cire yiwuwar kubuta.

Shin kuna sani? A hanci, kowace saniya tana da nau'i na musamman, kamar yatsin ɗan adam. A Amurka, ana amfani da wannan siffar shanu don bincika shi idan akwai asara.

A cikin daya van za a iya sanya ba fiye da 15 kauye girma. An ɗaura su da kawunansu, suna ba da damar yin kwance. Don hanyar sufuri, nesa da kusan kilomita 250 an fi so. Idan tafiya mai zuwa ya fi guntu, ƙananan motoci da kamfanonin kan hanya zasu iya zama madadin motoci na shanu. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don samar da jiki mai cika jiki kamar yadda al'amuran da aka ambata. Bugu da} ari, sufuri, wanda a baya ya shiga cikin harkokin sufuri mai guba da abubuwa masu guba, ba daidai ba ne a matsayin hanyar sufuri don shanu.

Shin kuna sani? Yayinda ake yin amfani da zane, ana amfani da zane-zane ne kawai don jawo hankalin mai kallo, saboda bijimai, kamar shanun, ba su bambanta launuka ba. Suna fushi da gaskiyar gaskiyar abin da ba a fahimta ba a gabansu..

Railway

Lokacin amfani da shanu, ana amfani dakin jiragen sama na musamman, wajan da aka tanadar da su bisa ga Dokar Ma'aikatar Agrarian Policy of Ukraine A'a. 35 ga Yuni 18, 2003 "A Yarda Da Dokokin Dokokin Kayayyakin Dabbobi ta Rail". Kayan aiki na yau da kullum ya samar da:

  • na ciki na cikin shanu a cikin layuka guda 2 a layi daya zuwa jagoran motsi (kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar) ko a cikin jere 1 dangane da motsin motar;
  • samun masu ciyar da abinci da masu sha, bindigogi, tankuna na ruwa da tsaftacewa;
  • zirga zirga-zirga ba tare da wuce mita 800 ba;
  • farkon duba dabbobi don daidaitawa zuwa yanayin sufurin abinci (yawanci sukan fara sati daya kafin sufuri ta hanyar sauya dabbobi zuwa abinci biyu);
  • loading da sauke nauyi nauyin rayuwa ta hanya ta hanyar wucewa (wanda aka gudanar ne kawai a lokacin hasken rana);
  • gaban rufin kan motoci;
  • samuwa na abinci, da ruwa da kwanciya mai kyau, ciki har da stock;
  • Daidaitaccen lakabin da ke nuna alamar tafiya mai nauyi;
  • babban iska.
Shin kuna sani? Cows a cikin sharuddan lambobin su na biyu ne a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa bayan mutane. A duniya akwai kimanin biliyan 1.5. A wasu ƙasashe na Latin Amurka akwai saniya guda daya da ke zaune, kuma a Australia wannan rayayyun halittu ne 40% fiye da mutane.
Tsarin motoci ya kamata ya rabu da yiwuwar shanu ya tsere kuma ya ba su ta'aziyya. Hanyoyin motocin motoci sun dace da ƙwararrun likitoci na sabis na dabbobi. Idan akwai wajibi don samar da jirgin sama ko motsa motar, mai ɗauka ya kamata ya dauki matakan da ya dace don kare dabbobi daga jiragen motar.

A cewar masana, daga 1 zuwa 14 shugabannin manyan dabbobi, har zuwa 28 shugabannin matasa samfurin kuma har zuwa 50 shugabannin kananan calves iya shiga cikin 1 wagon. Duk da haka, a cikin aiwatar da sanya garken da aka kai shi ya zama dole don barin ajiyar sararin samaniya.

Airy

Irin wannan tafiyar da shanu da bijimai ana amfani dashi a cikin yanayin musayar dabbobi. Bisa ga dokar da ake ciki yanzu, an yi izinin daukar nauyin hawa fiye da 200 a cikin iska. Ana buƙatar bukatun musamman a kan abin hawa cikin ciki:

  1. Ya kamata dabbobi su kasance tare da masu jagora tare da lissafin jagorar jagora guda 20 na dabbobi. Dole ne masu jagoranci su lura da yadda shanun suka yi don matsawa saukad da su, halayyarsu, da abinci, ruwa, tsaftace ɗakunan da kuma maye gurbin litter.
  2. Daga cikin ma'aikatan da ke hadewa dole ne su kasance likitan dabbobi don magance dabbobi da gaggawa.
  3. Ana buƙatar masu gudanarwa don bayar da rahoto ga umurnin ma'aikatan duk abubuwan da suka faru game da lafiyar harkokin sufuri, da kuma yin aiki tare bisa ga umarnin.
  4. Dole ne a yi amfani da jirgin sama da matuka 220 cm, tsawon mita 150 da tsawo tare da ganuwar da aka haɗa tare da kayan laushi, ba tare da wurare mai mahimmanci ba. An gyara garkuwa da bene da gefe tare da gyare-gyare don juyawa zuwa ganuwar gidan. A kasan akwai allon da labaran penti, wanda aka shimfiɗa shi.
  5. Adadin ruwa da kayan abinci mai gina jiki, da litter, ya kamata a lasafta bisa la'akari da yiwuwar jinkirin jirgin. A cikin lokuta na jinkiri da saukowa a filin jiragen sama na tsakiya, ba a cire dabbobi daga jirgin sama.
  6. Kafin kowane sabon jirgin, dole ne a tsaftace tsabtace jirgin ruwa sosai kuma a kashe shi.
Shin kuna sani? Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi imanin cewa shanu sunyi mummunan lalacewa a kan ilimin yanayi fiye da motoci da jiragen sama. Irin wannan matsayi ya bayyana ta hanyar sakin gas na zamani, wanda tare da naman alade yana da alhakin kashi na uku na masarautar greenhouse. Yana shafe Duniya sau 20 fiye da carbon dioxide..

Ruwa

Tare da ruwa, shanu da shanu ana daukar su ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya ko biyu. Domin sau ɗaya a cikin jirgin ruwa ɗaya zaka iya motsawa har zuwa dubban shugabannin manyan dabbobi.

Ƙara koyo game da fasali na kiwo Simmental, Shorthorn, Kazakh Whitehead, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus shanu.

Kayayyakin jiragen ruwan da ake nufi don hawa dabbobi dole ne biyan bukatun da ake biyowa:

  1. Kafin kaddamar da kowace dabba don shan magani sosai.
  2. Ku sami ɗakunan da aka ƙera musamman ko kuma inda suke da wuri inda shanu da bijimai za su motsa. Ya kamata a bayar da adadi na girman mita 2-2.5. m a cikin nisa kuma ba kasa da 1.9 m ba tsawo, da masu sha, feeders, ruwa, abinci, kwanciya, kayan tsaftacewa.
  3. Kowane 20 shanu dole ne tare da jagorar 1. Idan akwai wani cuta ko asarar dabbobi a hanya, ma'aikatan sabis ya kamata su ba da rahoton abin da ya faru ga kyaftin jirgin. A irin wannan yanayi, jirgin yana canja hanya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa mafi kusa, inda akwai kulawar dabbobi.

Jerin takardu don kai da shanu

Ko da kuwa irin irin motar da kuma nesa mai zuwa, dole ne sharuɗɗa na shanu ya kasance a kan wani ɓangaren takardun da ke biyo baya, wanda ya nuna nau'in, yawan dabbobi da suke hawa, yanayin kiwon lafiya, manufa, hanya da yawa.

Kafin tashi, mai ɗauka ya kamata ya kula da kasancewar:

  • duk takardun da aka aika da mai aikawa;
  • takardun shaida na dabbobi (yana da muhimmanci cewa dukkan siffofin da ake bukata suna samuwa) da takaddun shaida;
  • dabbobin dabbobi da takardun sufuri don tsabtace shanu;
  • izinin likitan dabbobi (bayar da bayan dubawa na shanu);
  • izinin izinin Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma, da kuma takardun sufuri (wanda ya dace kawai a cikin fitarwa na shanu a waje);
  • Alamar duba lafiyar dabbobi a cikin takardar shaidar izinin sufuri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba a yarda da nauyin rayuwa ba don sufuri idan an ba da takardun haɗin gwiwar daban daban tare da gyare-gyare, rubutu marar tushe kuma ba tare da izini ba, ba tare da buga ba, ba tare da nuna ko ba daidai ba yana nuna matsayin waɗanda ke da alhaki, da kuma sa hannu.
Jahilci na dokoki ba hujja ba ne, saboda haka ya fi kyau a shirya a gaba don hanya mai zuwa. Muna fata batunmu zai taimaka maka a hanyar da za ta samar da ta'aziyya da ake bukata don shanu masu tafiya, don tattara takardun da ke tare da su, da guje wa matsala.

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