Tsire-tsire dankali a kan nasu makircin shi ne damuwa, amma mai godiya ƙwarai, saboda dankali ne a kullum a kan teburin mu. Yana da kyau mafi ban sha'awa don sanin sababbin iri da masu shayarwa ke ba mu kowace shekara. Ɗaya daga cikin wadannan nasarorin sun sami sunan mai suna "Meteor" kuma kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar dubawa na masu aikin lambu, hakan ya tabbatar da ita.
Kiwo
"Meteor" wanda masana kimiyya suka samu daga Cibiyar Nazarin Rukicin Rukuni na Dukiyar Potato. A.G. Lorkha (Moscow yankin) ta hanyar tsallaka iri iri "Shurminsky 2" da kuma matasan 84.19 / 44.
Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Ƙirƙirar Rahoton Rasha ta ƙunshi nau'o'i a 2013 a karkashin A'a. 9154500. Ya kamata a lura da cewa, an fara aikin farko a kan kiwo a shekara ta 2008, tare da kasancewa a kalla daruruwan darussan bincike. 
Bayanan Botanical
Bayanai na kowane kayan lambu ya fara da bayanin irin shuka. A cikin dankali, ba shakka, muna da sha'awar tubers.
Tubers
Tubes "Meteora" suna da siffar da ke da nau'i mai yawa da kuma girma (girma na daya dankalin turawa daga 100 zuwa 150 g). Jirgin yana da santsi, m, launi daga rawaya zuwa cream, jiki shine rawaya mai haske, ba ya yi duhu lokacin da aka yanke. Ƙananan fentin idanu basu da zurfi.
"Meteor" yana nufin low starchy iriAbubuwan da aka samu a cikin sitaci daga ciki shine daga 10 zuwa 12% (wasu alamun lokaci daga 12 zuwa 14.9 kuma har zuwa 16% ana nuna wasu lokuta, duk da haka, muna ba da bayanan da aka samo asali daga mai samfurin).
Yana da muhimmanci! Maganar yanzu shine cewa babban sitaci abun ciki yana ƙayyade kyakkyawan halayen dankali shine erroneous. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin dankali-sitaci (tare da abun ciki mai sitaci fiye da 25%) ana daukar su a matsayin fodder.
Tsarin iri na dankali (da kuma "Meteor" shine kawai) ko da yaushe suna da sassin sitaci fiye da baya. Irin wadannan nau'o'in suna da babban ɓangaren litattafan almara, suna riƙe da siffar su da kyau kuma ba su fada baya a lokacin magani, kuma, sabili da haka, mafi dace da dafa abinci. 
An yi la'akari da bambancin duniya, dace da dafa abinci a cikin kwasfa kuma ba tare da shi ba, dafa abinci, burodi da frying.
Abin kawai ya rage don ƙara wa wannan cewa tun da ɓangaren litattafai na "Meteor" ba ya yi duhu a lokacin da aka yanke, za'a iya amfani da wannan iri-iri don sayarwa a cikin tsabtaccen siffofi, a cikin kwandon ajiya.
Bushes
An duba shrubs daga "Meteor" matsakaita, amma masu aikin gona, wadanda suka girma iri-iri, suna da'awar sun tashi sama da gadaje, inda ake shuka wasu iri dankali. Shuka - madaidaiciya ko Semi-tsaye, matsakaiciyar nau'i. Yana da kyau ƙwarai, ko da yake mai tushe ne ƙananan, kuma matakan su da lafiness ne na matsakaici. Tsirrai da corolla - kore, bar - m duhu kore, matsakaici size da dissection. Yankin harbe suna takaice. Flowers - ƙananan, farar fata.
Nau'in iri-iri
Mun gode wa kokarin masu shayarwa, a cikin "Meteor" sun cimma nasarar cimma burin samfurori masu kyau, wanda aka samar da haɗin haɓakar varietal da kuma dankali. 
Cutar juriya
Wanda ya samo asali ya bayyana juriya akan wasu cututtuka na "dankalin turawa" mafi hatsari, duk da haka, Meteor ba zai iya yin alfaharin duk waɗannan matsalolin matsala ba. Da ke ƙasa akwai cikakken bayani game da wannan:
| Irin cuta | Degree na zaman lafiya |
| zinariya cyst nematode | high |
| dankalin turawa | high |
| marigayi | high a cikin tubers matsakaici a sassan ƙasa na shuka |
| wrinkled mosaic | in mun gwada |
| mosaic banded | in mun gwada |
| scab | high |
| rhizoctoniosis | high |
| bushe bushe | high |
| zoben ringi | high |
| alternarioz | matsakaita |
Rashin yiwuwar kamuwa da kowace kayan lambu ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ta musamman ya dogara da dalilai guda biyu - halayen kwayoyin halitta na iri iri da ingancin fasahar noma.
Yada iyali tare da hanyoyin sarrafa lafiyar dankalin turawa.
Mawallafin "Meteor", ta haka ne, ya samar da samfurin abu mai kyau, amma kashi na biyu na nasara ya dogara ne ga mai kula da kansa. 
Terms of ripening
"Meteor" ba kawai wani wuri ba ne, amma kodin dankali mai kyan gani. Cikakken maturation na tubers na faruwa a cikin kwanaki 60-80 daga lokacin germination, duk da haka, ana iya katse dankali na farko da rabi bayan an dasa shuki.
A farkon shekarun da suka fara farfadowa sune halaye na "Rozara", "Gala", "Luck", "Queen Anne", "Bellaroza", "Veneta", "Zhukovsky Early", "Uladar", "Timo Hankian", "Impala", "Red Scarlett, Farmer.
Yawo
Kowane daji "Meteora" ya kasance daga 10 zuwa 12 tubers. Sabili da haka, la'akari da girman dankali da tsarin ginin da aka tsara, daga mita mita dari ne zaka iya daukar kimanin 200 zuwa 400 kilogiram na amfanin gona, amma a yanayi mafi girma wanda yafi dacewa da kayan lambu, wannan adadi zai iya zuwa 450 har ma da 650 kg. Yawan yawan amfanin gona na tuber da aka yi amfani (amfani da amfanin mutum, ba don dasa shuki) yana da yawa: daga 88 zuwa 98%. 
Idan ka danna dankali ba tare da jiran sa zuwa cikakkiyar balagagge ba, ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dubi kaɗan:
- a lokacin da kake yin kukan kwanaki 45 bayan fitarwa daga harbe - daga 175 zuwa 210 kg da ɗari;
- a lokacin da yake yin wasa a ranar 55th bayan fitowar harbe - daga 230 zuwa 320 kg da ɗari.
Shin kuna sani? Rikicin duniya na yawan amfanin ƙasa na dankalin turawa shine kilo mita 1,223 a kowace mita mita dari.
Tsuntsaye
Wani fasali na iri-iri ne ma babban ƙuduri. Dankali mai kyau ne don ajiya hunturu, yawan lalacewar (a cikin yanayi mafi kyau) ba ya wuce 5%. Kyakkyawar adana tubers yana samar da juriyarsu ga lalacewar injiniya.
Yankuna masu girma
"Meteor" an bayar da shawarar don noma a Tsakiya, Central Black Duniya, Volga-Vyatka da Yankunan Siberian Siyasa na Jamhuriyar Rasha, amma magoya bayan da aka yi amfani da su sun riga sun gudanar da nasarar jarraba sabon samfurin kusan dukkanin ƙasar Rasha. A wasu ƙasashe, iri-iri bai riga ya sami aikace-aikacen fadi ba. 
Dokokin shimfiɗa
Kyakkyawan abin da aka zaɓa da abin da za a fara don shi kai tsaye ya dogara da wane matakin da aka ambata a sama, ƙananan ko babba, yawancin amfanin gona da aka ɗauka daga gado zai kusanci.
Shin kuna sani? Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa dankali ba amfani sosai ba ne, duk da haka yawancin bitamin C a ciki ba shi da ƙasa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus. Kuma, ta yin amfani da tasa a cikin kyawawan kayan dama tare da kwasfa, mun sami adadi mai yawa na beta-carotene da kuma muhimman kwayoyin halitta. Kusan 200-300 g na puree yana samar da nau'i na yau da kullum na potassium, phosphorus, magnesium da alli.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Masana sun bayar da shawarar fara dasa dankali marigayi Afrilu-farkon watan Mayu, amma don mayar da hankali kan kwanakin kalandar wannan al'amari, a gaba ɗaya, ba daidai ba ne. Na farko, bazara ba ta zo ga dukkan yankuna da suka dace da girma Meteor ba a lokaci guda, na biyu, halin zamani yana da yanayin yanayin sauyin yanayi, kuma tsofaffin ra'ayoyin game da fara aikin dasa ba za'a iya hutawa ba.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don sanin lokacin mafi kyau don dasa shuki dankali - kimiyya da shahara. Da yake kasancewa jagoran farko, ya kamata ya tashi daga zafin jiki na warming ƙasa a zurfin zana tuber (10 cm): ya kamata a kalla +10 ° C (wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da yawan iska na yau da kullum yana da akalla 8 ° C). Na biyu shine mafi sauki. Mutane suna cewa: idan tsuntsu ceri ya fara Bloom - Lokaci ke nan da shuka dankali. Wani alama mai kyau shine Birch ya bar: ya kamata su girma zuwa girman adadin dinari din dinari. 
Duk da haka duk abin da aka tsara na sanya ranar saukowa, za a yi amfani da yanayin yanayi na mako biyu na gaba. Idan bayan farawa na barga, lokuta masu dumi, hutun dare sukan dawo, ba zasu iya haifar da lalacewar matasa ba.
Wata hanya don sanin lokacin dasa shuki - amfani da kalandar rana.
Zaɓi wuri
Dankali - shuka photophiloussabili da haka, don dasa shuki, yana da kyau a zabi wani shafin da ke da haske da hasken rana kuma ba ya fada cikin inuwa na gine-ginen gine-gine, fences ko bishiyoyi, kuma gina gonakin dankalin turawa daga arewa zuwa kudu.
Ƙananan yankunan da wuraren da ruwa ke iya yiwuwa, da kuma ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa ba dace da al'ada ba. Har ila yau, shuka yana jin tsoron iska mai tsananin karfi, musamman ma arewa da arewa maso gabashin, dangane da abin da yake da kyawawa don ƙoƙarin zaɓar wani shafin inda za a iya kare waɗannan yankunan.
Abu muhimmi ne da ake bukata don girbi mai kyau dankalin turawa shine samfurori na ƙasa, kuma a farkon irin wannan alamar yana da muhimmancin gaske: girbin amfanin gona na yau da kullum ba zai ba da izinin manomi su "shakatawa" kuma ya rage saboda rashin kasa mai gina jiki ba saboda sabuntawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kasancewar adadin abubuwa masu ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa bai warware matsalar matsalar rashi ba, ba tare da tsire-tsire ba wanda ba zai iya shayar da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa ba.
Game da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, to, "Meteor" yafi dacewa da loam. 
Mai kyau da mummunan magabata
Duk wani lambu ya san cewa don samun girbi mai kyau, dole ne ku bi dokoki na juyawa. Kowace al'adun yana buƙatar musamman ga wasu kayan abinci kuma, bisa ga yadda ya kamata, hakar su da ƙasa a cikin adadi mafi girma. A gefe guda, wasu tsire-tsire suna da dukiya na wadatar da ƙasa tare da wasu abubuwan da wasu suke buƙatar gaggawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Shekara guda ba isa ga lambun don hutawa daga wasu al'adu ba. Ƙaddamarwa mafi girma shine ya zama shekaru biyu kuma ya fi tsayi fiye da mafi kyau.
Saboda haka, domin samun yawan amfanin ƙasa a mafi tsada, yana da matukar muhimmanci a shuka dankali a wani wuri inda "amfanin" amfanin gona ya karu da ita kuma, akasin haka, "cutarwa" ba ta girma ba. Abin da ke damuwa da ɗayan ɗayan jinsunan da aka nuna an nuna su a teburin:
| Dattijai masu kyau na dankali | Mai ba da damar yarda da dankali | Ma'aikata Mai Rashin Dankali |
| hatsin rai canola legumes kabewa guna kankana cucumbers baka tafarnuwa | karas gishiri kabeji ganye | dankalin turawa tumatir barkono mai dadi m barkono eggplants sunflower sorghum |
Yayin da ba kowane mazaunin rani zai iya samun irin wannan alatu ba, masu kula da sha'anin gargajiya suna ba da shawara ga samo wasu samfurori, alal misali, gadaje masu yawa da tsaka-tsakin yanayi, amfani da iri iri daban-daban, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a bayan girbi, domin ƙasa zata wadata ta gaba ta gaba.
Raba, hatsin rai, mustard, buckwheat, gwaninta mai dadi, lupine, alfalfa, phacelia, da kuma hatsi ana kiran su tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ("takin mai magani").
Shirya shiri
Shiryawa ƙasa don dasa shuki dankali ya shafi tsaftacewa sosai daga ƙasa daga weeds da sharan gona na amfanin gona na baya, da kuma sanya takin gargajiya, musamman kwayoyin halitta. 
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da taki (kilogiram 10 a kowace mita mita) ko humus (kilo 5 a kowace mita mita) don wannan dalili. Taki yana bayyana a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall, kuma a cikin bazara da aka dug da mãkirci. Idan ba zai yiwu a yi ba kafin gaba, zaka iya ƙara kwayoyin halitta kai tsaye a lokacin bazara, amma ba bayan makonni biyu ba kafin dasa shuki.
Bai kamata mu manta game da takin mai magani na ma'adinai ba, kuma ƙasa dole ne a wadata ba kawai tare da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium ba, amma har da ƙarfe, magnesium, alli da sulfur.
Shiri na dasa kayan
Shirya shirye-shirye na dasa kayan ba dama ba kawai don hanzarta ingantaccen amfanin gona ba, kuma, sakamakon haka, matuƙar amfanin gona, amma kuma ya fi dacewa amfani da yankin saboda culling na mai raɗaɗi da kuma raunana tubers.
Kafin dasa shuki da tubers suna fallasa lalata da kuma ci gaba. A matsayin mai biyan kuɗi, zaku iya amfani da wadannan zaɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci (bisa guga na ruwa):
- bluestone (wani tablespoon tare da zanewa) + potassium permanganate (da dama granules);
- itace ash (1 kg).
Don ƙarin abinci da kariya daga kwari Zaka iya ƙarawa zuwa gurasar shirya 40 g na urea, 60 g na superphosphate da 10 g na acid acid. Wani zabin shine don amfani da tsarin kwakwalwa don magance kariya, misali, Matador, Mai kula da kwarewa, Aktara, Maxim, Prestige, da dai sauransu. A cikin sakamakon haka, tubers suna da shekaru 20-30.
Germinate tubers fara wata daya kafin zuwan saukowa. Na farko, suna bukatar a kiyaye su a cikin kwanaki 2-3 a cikin zafi mai tsanani (game da +30 ° C) don fara germination, to, don sauran lokaci zuwa wuri mai sanyaya (game da +15 ° C).
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a dasa shuki tubers a cikin haske: da farko, zai tabbatar da samuwa da wasu samfurori masu amfani, da kuma na biyu, solanine, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar haske, zai kare kayan dasawa daga kwari.
Idan kana buƙatar sprout dankali a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin (15-20 days), ya fi kyau amfani da hanyar rigar: ana kwantar da tubers a cikin kwalaye kuma suna mai da hankali tare da peat, humus ko sawdust, wanda dole ne ya zama m a kowane lokaci. 
Wasu sun fi so su gaggauta hanzari ba tare da tsire-tsire ba, amma ta hanyar sarrafa su tare da zamani. girma stimulants (alal misali, "Potytinom", "Micon" ko "Appin"). A wannan yanayin, ya isa ya gudanar da hanya mai dacewa kawai a rana ɗaya ko biyu kafin sauka.
Tsarin da zurfin saukowa
Shawarar "Meteor" saukowa juna: 35 cm tsakanin bushes da 60 cm tsakanin layuka. Alamar alamomin ya zama mai zurfi, ba kasa da 8-10 cm Kuma yana da kyau a saka matakan abinci a cikin rami:
- Kofuna waɗanda 0.5 na kashi kashi ko wani tablespoon na nitrophobia;
- 700 g na humus;
- 5 tablespoons na itace ash.
Hanyar ban dasawa mai ban sha'awa shine dasa shuki a cikin jaka. Wannan hanya yana taimakawa wajen adana sararin samaniya a shafin, kuma baya buƙatar hilling.
Yadda za a kula
Agrotechnics na girma "Meteor" ba ya bambanta da daidaituwa, wanda ake amfani dashi ga dukkanin dankalin turawa. Yawan iri-iri yana da matakan haɓaka zuwa yanayin yanayi daban-daban, duk da haka, wasu siffofi na kulawa sun dogara ne akan sauyawawar yanayi, abun da ke ƙasa da ƙasa da yanki.
Gaba ɗaya, doka ta gaba ɗaya ita ce: mako guda bayan tuber ya fara a ƙasa, mai kula da gonar ya fara damuwa ta farko.
Watering
"Meteor" yana nufin resistant iri iri da kuma jure wa fari sosai. Duk da haka, don samun girbi mai kyau, ana buƙatar watering a tsawon kwanaki 10 (hakika, baku buƙatar ruwa cikin gonar a kan ruwan sama). 
Yayin da ake dankali dankali, yana da muhimmanci a kula da cewa kasa ba kawai rigar ba ne kawai, amma har ma da ruwa yayi zurfi (kimanin sau biyar zurfin tuber budding).
Top dressing
Sanarwar da farkon dankalin turawa ke nan shine cewa abincin da ake bukata da shuka ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ƙasa a lokacin dasa. Amma idan ka ga cewa daji yana bayyanawa da sannu-sannu fiye da yadda muke so, za'a iya magance halin da ake ciki ta hanyar yin amfani da matakai na 2-3 ko tushen kwaskwarima ta amfani hadaddun ma'adinai masu ma'adinai.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bukatar na gina jiki a dankali ya kara yawan ƙasa mai dadi, don haka idan lokacin rani ya yi ruwan sama, karin abinci zai iya zama dole.
Dukkan iri iri na farkon dankali sunyi dacewa da magnesium da calcium, wannan yanayin dole ne a la'akari da lokacin zabar sautin mafi kyau na taki. Daidai dace da wadannan dalilai, mullein. 
A lita na ruwa mullein ne diluted a cikin guga na ruwa da kuma zuba cikin 2 lita ga kowane daji ko tace kuma amfani da foliar ciyar. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da carbamide a matsayin taki (a cikin cakuda da guga na ruwa), amma a wannan yanayin, adadin bayani da daji ya kamata a rage ta sau hudu. Daga ƙarsar takin mai magani, Kemira ya yi kyau.
Weeding da sassauta ƙasa
Ana cire weeds da sassauta ƙasa shine hanyoyin da za a fara kula da gadon dankalin turawa. Bayan mako bayan dasa, da zarar sun fara fitowa, ana gudanar da wadannan ayyukan kuma a maimaita maimaitawa a kai a kai, tabbatar da cewa bazara ba zurfi sosai ba, kuma a hankali ya rage yanki kamar yadda ciyayi ya tasowa.
Koyon yadda za a cire weeds daga gonar, musamman, magunguna.
Hilling
Agrotechnics girma "Meteor" ya shafi zurfin ƙasa, don haka hilling ba hanya dole. Rashin ruwan sha da ake bukata don al'adun ya sami wadansu ayyukan, irin su watering da loosening. Amma ga wurare masu zafi, musamman ma a lokacin kara yawan sanyi, mai tsayi zai iya hana tsire-tsire daga daskarewa. 
Yin rigakafi
Babban juriya na iri-iri zuwa cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta (ciki har da sanannun Colorado dankalin turawa da ƙwaro da kuma aphid) yawanci yana buƙatar kawai 'yan kyawawan kwayoyi na bushes tare da shirye-shiryen furotin da kwari na tsarin aikin.
A kan Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, dukkan hanyoyin gargajiya (alal misali, mustard da vinegar) da kuma shirye-shirye na musamman: Taboo, Regent, Confidor, Tanrek, Launch, Komandor, da Lightning.
Girbi da ajiya
Duk da mummunar yawan lalacewa, "Meteor", kamar kowane nau'in dankalin turawa, yana da matukar damuwa da tsarin ruwa, wanda yake nunawa a cikin tsirrai da aka dasa a cikin cellars. Matsalar za a iya warware ta hanyar yadda ta dace ta shirya kayan amfanin gona don ajiya na gaba.
Dug tubers ya kamata a bincika a hankali da bincike, cire lalacewa, fashe ko m samfurori. Wasu ma bayar da shawarar wanke dankali sosai, cire datti da microorganisms a farfajiya. Sa'an nan kuma ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙwayoyin a cikin wani wuri mai tsabta da haske don 'yan makonni, bayan haka ya kamata a sake duba su kuma zaba su. Sai kawai bayan dankali za'a iya sanya shi a wuri na dindindin ajiya. 
Halin mafi kyau ga wannan shine:
- yawan rashin haske;
- zafi ba zai wuce 75-85% ba;
- zafin jiki daga +1 zuwa +7 ° C.
Har ila yau, ba ya ji ciwo don karɓar dankali a wasu lokuta a lokacin hunturu, cire kayan da aka lalata.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi yawan dankalin turawa, wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Guinness Book, sun auna kilo 11.2. Wannan duniyar ta tashi daga mazaunin Saudi Arabia, Khalil Semkhat.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Duk wannan yana ba mu damar haskaka wadannan alamun da ke nuna bambancin "Meteor" daga wasu nau'in dankali:
- farkon shuka;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa, ko da a farkon mataki;
- dandano mai kyau;
- duniya a amfani;
- high quality quality, kananan adadin sharar gida;
- kyakkyawan inganci;
- rashin haƙuri;
- zafi juriya;
- sanyi sanyi;
- Kyakkyawan daidaitawa ga sauya yanayin yanayi, da yiwuwar noma a yankuna tare da yanayi daban-daban;
- jure wa yawancin cututtukan fungal da kwari;
- rashin jin dadi, rashin bukatun musamman ga agrotechnology;
- dacewa ga daban-daban na ƙasa.
Hatta mahimmancin bincike ba ya ƙyale bambanta, duk da haka mahimmanci rashin ƙarfi. Abinda za a iya lura shi ne ƙara yawan dankalin turawa don amfanin jiki mai gina jiki, amma wannan bukata ya shafi daidai da kowane nau'i na farko, saboda yana kasancewar adadin kwayoyin halitta da kuma ma'adanai wanda ya ba da damar shuka don samar da kyakkyawar yawancin tubers tare da dandano mai kyau.
Reviews of dankalin turawa, iri-iri "Meteor"
Saboda haka, akwai dalilai da dama su yi imani cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Meteor dankalin turawa iri-iri zai sami yawancin magoya baya ba kawai a ƙasar Rasha ba, har ma a wasu ƙasashe.
