Ba da daɗewa akwai mutanen da ba su son zane-zane. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun berries, wanda aka horar da a Turai da Asiya kamar wata millennia.
Akwai dubban iri iri. Ka yi la'akari da ƙarin dalla-dalla game da "Napoleon black".
Game da kiwo
Sweet ceri nasa ne na d ¯ a amfanin gona amfanin gona. Ƙasar gida ita ce Asiya. Amma Berry ya zo Turai na dogon lokaci, har ma kafin farkon zamaninmu. A ƙasar Ukraine da Rasha, cherries suna girma tun lokacin Kievan Rus. 
Jamus lambu tsunduma a cikin selection of zaki da cherries daga XVIII karni. Black Napoleon yana daya daga cikin iri da suka fi girma a Turai a Yammacin Turai tun farkon karni na 19. A ƙasashe na tsohon Soviet Union, an horar da shi tun daga shekarun 1930. Tun daga nan, da yawa sababbin iri da kuma hybrids. Amma "Black Napoleon" ba ya daina matsayinsu, saboda yana da halaye masu ban sha'awa.
Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko, Teofrast, wani tsohuwar masanin Girkanci na karni na 4 BC, ya ambaci ƙaunarsa cikin aikinsa. Kuma a cikin karni na farko AD Roman tarihi Pliny riga ya rubuta game da iri iri na mai dadi ceri, sa'an nan kuma aka sani a Roma.
Bayani da halaye
Cherry itatuwa ba kawai kariminci ba da masu dadi berries, amma iya yi ado da kowane lambu. Suna da kyau sosai a lokacin flowering da fruiting.
Wood
Itacen "Napoleon" ya girma girma (5-6 m). Ya yi girma musamman a hankali kafin ya fara bada 'ya'ya. Cherry haushi ya bambanta daga ceri launi: yana da yawa wuta. Ƙananan rassan da aka rufe tare da ƙwayoyi masu yawa suna samar da kyakkyawan kambi. Ganyayyaki suna da manyan, elongated, tare da matsayi mai mahimmanci, duhu mai duhu a launi. White furanni Bloom a kan bouquet rassan, tattara a inflorescences na 2-3 abubuwa. 
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
"Black Napoleon" yana daya daga cikin Bigarro iri'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bambanta da babban ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda ba ya da tausayi a cikin compotes da adana, kuma an adana shi na dogon lokaci. Kamar sauran bigarros, waƙar fata Napoleon na fata suna da tabbaci, mai dadi da crunchy. Suna da yawa, suna yin la'akari 6-7 g.
Fata ne kuma lokacin farin ciki, kuma ba ya fashe. A cikin kashi yana ɓoye a cikin nau'i mai tsayi, girman shine matsakaici, kuma nauyin shine kusan 6.5% na nauyin nauyin Berry. A siffar da berries ba zagaye, amma mafi zuciya-dimbin yawa. Launi na fata, kamar ɓangaren litattafan almara, shi ne ruby mai duhu, wani lokaci yana nuna baƙar fata. A berries suna da dadi, richly mai dadi, m har ma dan kadan m.
Karanta kuma game da irin nauyin dake da duhu: "Farewell", "Astakhova mai farantawa", "Adeline", "Ovstuzhenka".
Wasu fasali na iri-iri
Don yayi girma da ƙananan cherries "Napoleon" ya kasance daidai da sauran nau'in. Amma siffofinsa na musamman suna shafar kula da girbi.
Winter hardiness da kuma cutar juriya
Sweet cherries kansu su ne thermophilic. Black Napoleon ba banda. Matsakaici sanyi juriya. Yana sauƙin rayuwa a yanayin yanayin Ukrainian da sanyi har zuwa -30 ° C. Saboda haka, babu takunkumin yankuna a cikin Ukraine. 
Kuma a Rasha shi zai tsira ne kawai a yankunan kudancin.
"Napoleon" yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka masu yawa. Amma ba tare da maganin jiyya ba, zai iya samun rashin lafiya tare da moniliasis, coccomycosis da 'ya'yan itace rot. Akwai barazanar irin wannan kwari: ƙwaro mai laushi, aphid, cin abinci mai cin nama, giwa giya.
Kariya akan cututtuka da kwari shi ne amfani da kwayoyin fuka-fuka da kwari a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba na itace: a lokacin hutu, hutun fure, a ƙarshen flowering, a lokacin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace da kuma bayan girbi.
Mawallafa
"Black Napoleon" yana nufin samobesplodnymi irin zaki da cherries. Wannan yana nufin cewa babu 'ya'yan itace a kan itacen ko za a daura shi, amma kaɗan, ba tare da gurbataccen giciye ba. Domin yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa dole ne ku dasa shi tare da pollinator, wato, ceri na wani nau'i-nau'i, wanda ya kasance tare da "Napoleon". Babu buƙatar dasa pollinator idan itace da ya dace da wannan rawar ya riga ya girma a kan makircin makwabta. Best pollinators don fata baƙar fata "Napoleon black" su ne: "Valeriy Chkalov", "Cassini da wuri", "Jabule", "Drogan yellow", "Alamar farko". 
Lokacin bazara da yawan amfanin ƙasa
Ƙananan bishiyoyi sukan fara bada 'ya'ya shekara ta hudu bayan saukarwa. Kodayake "Napoleon" ya fara farawa (ƙarshen Maris - Afrilu na farko), amma bazara sun fara ne kawai a lokacin rani (na farko zuwa na biyu na Yuni). Saboda haka, shi yana nufin marigayi ceri iri). Wannan yana da matukar dacewa, tun da rassan Napoleon ya fara a lokacin da wasu iri sun riga sun koma. Napoleon yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa: itace guda daya zai iya samar da nau'i na 20-50 na 'ya'yan itace kowace kakar.
Shin kuna sani? Ana kiran doki a zamanin d Roma ne cherries. Watakila saboda ƙauna ba kawai ta mutane ba, har ma da tsuntsaye. Kuma watakila saboda, bisa ga labari, cherries ya bayyana a Turai daidai saboda tsuntsaye da suka kawo da ceri duwatsu a can.
Transportability
Good transportability yana nufin amfani da "Napoleon Black" iri-iri. Na gode da babban ɓangaren litattafan almara da lokacin farin ciki fata, ana iya hawa berries a nesa. Duk da haka, basu rasa halayarsu ba, riƙe da siffar su da dandano.
Wani nagarta na iri-iri shine Kyakkyawan adana 'ya'yan itatuwa. A cikin wuri mai sanyi (cellar ko firiji), ana iya adana cherries don makonni biyu. A wani zafin jiki mai dacewa, sun kasance sabo don lokaci mai tsawo kuma ba su daguwa. 
Jagora
Ƙwararrun Black "Napoleon" suna da dadi sosai. Ayyuka sun fi son dandano (4.9 maki daga 5). Berries suna cinye ba kawai sabo ne.
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da abubuwan da ke amfani da kayan lambu na cherries da shirye-shirye na berries don hunturu: farin fata ceri, jam tare da rami.
An yi amfani da su a wurare daban-daban:
- A dafa abinci. M berries ba su da taushi a lokacin zafi zafi. Saboda haka, suna shirye-shiryen kwaskwarima, jams, jellies, 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itatuwa da gwangwani. Suna dried da daskararre.
- A abinci mai gina jiki. Low-kalori ceri berries (50 kcal da 100 g). An haɗa su a cikin abinci don asarar nauyi.
- A cikin mutane magani Ana amfani da berries (sabo ne da dried), stalks, ganye da furanni. Suna da kyawawan kaddarorin masu amfani: suna ƙarfafa, anesthetize, sauti, inganta jinin jini, ci abinci da peristalsis na hanji, tsarkake jiki na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta. Daga gare su shirya infusions da decoctions.
- A cikin cosmetology. Saboda babban abun ciki na antioxidants, mai dadi mai dadi zai iya rage jinkirin fata. Suna yin masks, creams da sauran kayan shafawa daga gare ta.
Zaɓi wuri
Idan ka zaɓi wurin da ya dace don cherries da kuma kula da su sosai, to, za ta gode wa yawan amfanin gona har zuwa shekara ɗari. Yanayin da aka zaɓa ya haɗu da waɗannan bukatu:
- mai yawa rana da kuma ba tare da inuwa (da gangan da aka ba da kirki mai dadi "sunr Berry");
- wani wuri mai kyau, amma an rufe shi daga iska mai karfi, alal misali, kusa da katangar kudancin gidan;
- kasar gona ya zama haske da m, alal misali, calcareous, a kai a kai tare da humus;
- kada a yi damuwa da laima, kusanci da ruwa mai zurfi ba kyawawa ba (akalla mita biyu).
Yin magana da itace mai ban sha'awa daga dutse wani aiki mai ban sha'awa ne da za a iya yi tare da yara a gida.
Dokokin shimfiɗa
Cherries sown a spring da kaka. Kasashen duniya a wannan lokacin suna da tsabta kuma suna da taushi sosai, don haka seedling yana da sauƙin kai tushen. Kowace kakar tana da amfani da rashin amfani.
- Warm kaka mafi kyau dace don dasa. Kafin farkon hunturu, tushen yana da lokaci don zurfafawa da girma. Kuma da farkon lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire ya fara girma kuma ya ci gaba sosai. Amma a yanayin hunturu da sanyi, itace zai iya daskare.
- Saukowa da wuri a cikin bazara free daga hadarin daskarewa. Amma kana buƙatar samun lokaci don yin shi kafin kullin kodan. Itacen, wanda aka shuka daga baya, zai cutar da shi kuma ba zai zauna ba.
Wurin ga itace yana da muhimmanci a shirya a gaba. Idan an dasa shuki a cikin bazara, to, kasar gona za a iya shirya a cikin fall. Don dasa shuki, ana gudanar da aikin shiri a kalla makonni biyu. Sun haɗa da: tsabtatawa weeds da tarkace, yin amfani da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire (2 buckets na humus a cikin rami) da kuma kirkira wurin wurin rami na gaba.
Shuka shi ne kamar haka:
- A wurin da aka riga aka shirya, ana rami rami, mai zurfin 70-80 cm kuma kusan 1 m a diamita. Ya kamata ya isa isa ga tushen.
- Idan irin shuka ya kasance a cikin akwati na wucin gadi, sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a cire shi a hankali kuma a sanya shi tare da clox mai launi a rami. Idan tushen ba su da dadewa, to a kasan rami zaka buƙaci gina ƙasa mai kyau, wadda kake buƙatar rarraba tushen.
- Babu buƙatar dasa itace mai zurfi. Ƙaƙashin wuyansa ya kamata ya fito daga ƙasa ta kimanin 5 cm.
- Ramin yana cike da ƙasa mai kyau kuma yana da kyau. Zaka iya yin rudani a gefen gefen rami don tattara ruwan sama.
- Kana buƙatar zuba yalwa da ruwa.
Cherry itatuwa girma girma. Saboda haka, a lokacin da dasa shuki da yawa seedlings, da nisa tsakanin rami ya kamata a kalla 3-4 m.
Video: dasa shuki mai dadi ceri
Yadda za a kula
Yayinda an dasa ceri a lokacin, kuma a cikin ƙasa mai kyau, yana bukatar karin hankali. Dole ne a shayar da shi, a ciyar da shi kuma a tsara shi a kai a kai.
Watering
Watering da shuka yana da matukar muhimmanci, amma wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali don hana overmoistening. Gwargwadon watering yana dogara da lokaci na ci gaban itace da yanayin yanayi.
Yana da muhimmanci don ruwa mai dadi ceri:
- a watan Mayu, bayan flowering: ana buƙatar inji domin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace;
- a farkon rabin Yuni, lokacin da aka zuba 'ya'yan itatuwa: wannan zai taimaka wa berries su zama m da kyau;
- a lokacin bushe: Dole ne a cika cike da yalwace, da saturating ƙasa;
- a cikin kaka, kafin sanyi: ana buƙatar inji a yanayin sanyi.
Watering wajibi ne a kowane mako biyu zuwa uku, kuma a lokacin da fari ya fi sau da yawa (kowane mako).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba lallai ba ne don ruwa da ceri a lokacin flowering, in ba haka ba ovary zai crumble, kuma a lokacin ripening zamani na berries, sabõda haka, ba su crack..
Ciyar
Don ci gaba da haɓaka bishiyar da kuma yawancin fruiting, yana da muhimmanci a ci gaba da ciyar da shuka tare da takin mai magani da kuma ma'adinai. Yanayin abinci kamar wannan:
- kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta (humus ko rotted chicken taki) an gabatar a lokacin digging na ƙasa a kusa da itacen kowane 2-3 shekaru;
- Humus ko takin za a iya cike da launi na pristvolny: a lokacin watering da asalinsu da ruwa da karbar mai gina jiki;
- Ma'adinai masu ma'adinai tare da abun ciki na nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate) ana amfani da shi azaman ruwa a spring (Mayu) da kuma lokacin rani (Yuni);
- phosphate da potash da takin mai magani (buckwheat ash, superphosphate, potash gishiri) ciyar da itace a kaka (Satumba): za su ba da karfi ga nasara nasara da kuma taimaka spring a samuwar buds.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba shi yiwuwa a ciyar da kwayoyin sabbin kwayoyi (taki): zai iya cutar, ƙona tushen, kuma ba zai zama da amfani ba, kamar yadda zai sauka cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci.
Kula da da'irar
Kada ka rage la'akari da muhimmancin kula da da'irar pristvolnom. 
Yana da wajibi ne don lafiyar dukan itacen.
- Kowace lokaci bayan watering kana buƙatar sassauta ƙasa don bude damar zuwa ga tushen, iska da danshi.
- Dole ne a lalata ciyawa da ciyawa kamar yadda yake "ɓoye" abubuwan gina jiki da kuma tsangwama da ci gaban al'ada na wani matashi.
- Yin gyaran ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin yana ba ka damar riƙe duddu kuma baya bari weeds suyi girma. Wasu masu shuka suna amfani da ciyawa kamar ciyawa. takin. Sauran sun dasa yankunan da ke kusa da itace don wannan dalili.
Koyi yadda za a yi takin da hannunka: a cikin jaka, a cikin rami takin.
Ƙwarewa da kafa kambi
Cherry itatuwa suna girma sosai, musamman a farkon shekarun. Saboda haka, suna bukatar a yanke su kowace shekara. Wannan ya kamata a yi a farkon spring, kafin buds yaɗa, ko a cikin fall.
Trimming ne da za'ayi a cikin uku kwatance:
- Raguwa na rassan rassan matasa na kashi biyar: aka gudanar a cikin shekarun girma kafin itace ya fara bada 'ya'ya.
- Cire da ɓangaren rassan da ba daidai ba (a cikin kambi). Saboda wannan, an kafa kambi mai daɗaɗɗen, ga kowane reshe wanda yake da sauƙin isa.
- Sanitary pruning na dried, daskararre da fashe rassan.
Karanta kuma game da abubuwan da suka dace na kayan lambu na bishiyoyi, da kuma asirin abubuwan da suka shafi tsufa.
Bayan wannan hanya, wajibi ne a bi da sassan da putty: farar ƙasa, fenti ko varnish. Wannan zai taimaka wajen yin warkar da sauri kuma zai taimakawa hana cututtuka. 
Kariya akan sanyi da rodents
Sweet cherry "Napoleon" quite sanyi-resistant. Amma idan masu tsinkayen yanayi sunyi la'akari da hunturu marar tsawa tare da tsananin sanyi, to, ya fi kyau kuskure. Ta hanyar daukar matakai masu dacewa, zaka iya kare itacen daga daskarewa da manyan rodents.
Wadannan matakan sun hada da:
- lime whitewash, wanda ke kare gangar jikin daga hypothermia a lokacin sauyawar canji a yanayin zafi, da kuma daga kwari da suka rage a cikin haushi;
- da kunshe da gangar jikin tare da mahaukaci daban-daban (tare da rufin rufi, rags, coniferous rassan) zai zama kariya daga sanyi da kuma ga rodents;
- Tsomawa tare da rassan da tsari tare da dusar ƙanƙara zai shafe tushen tsarin;
- rufi na kambi na matasa seedlings: rassan, guga man a kan gangar jikin, ba a ɗaure da kuma rufe da katange.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Kwayoyin cuta iri "Napoleon" baki:
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- dandano mai kyau;
- berries na aikace-aikacen duniya;
- mai kyau transportability da kiyaye ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- da wuya samun rashin lafiya;
- kyau matakin sanyi juriya.
Abubuwa marasa amfani kadan:
- neman wurin da ƙasa;
- da bukatar pollinators.
Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan ceri yana da karin amfani fiye da rashin amfani. Kuma ko da yake baki "Napoleon" ya riga ya tsufa, ba shi da mahimmanci ga sababbin iri, har ma fiye da wasu.
