Ba'a iya ganin '' Shelf '' Strawberry-strawberry '' ba a matsayin sabon abu ba a tsakanin 'yan itatuwa da manoma masu yawa, amma bai rasa jagorancinsa ba a cikin saukin fasahar noma da kuma girbi mai kyau har tsawon shekaru 40.
Bambancin bayanin
An haye "Strawberry" a cikin Netherlands a shekara ta 1977 ta hanyar hayewa da 'ya'yan itace strawberry da' 'Sivetta' 'da' 'Unduka', bayan haka sai ya karu da sauri a kasashe da dama: Ukraine, Rasha, Belarus da kuma Baltic jihohi. 
Shin kuna sani? An fitar da tumatir zuwa Turai ta Kudu ne kawai a ƙarshen karni na 18, amma dangin dangin danginsa na kusa ya girma a ƙasashenmu tun zamanin d ¯ a.
Yawancin lokaci, tsirraiyar shuka ita ce mai yaduwa mai tsayi (10-12 cm) tare da mai karfi mai tushe na inflorescences wanda yake a cikin ganyayyaki kuma ya riƙe berries masu rataye. Tsarin yana da haske, duhu mai duhu, tare da zurfin hakora a gefen gefuna.
Da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin iri-iri:
- kulawa mara kyau;
Wadannan iri iri iri sun hada da "Bereginya", "Elsanta", "Zenga Zengana", "Kimberly", "Chamora Turusi", "Tristan", "Kama", "Girman Rasha".
- babban tsaro har ma a dogon lokaci;
- sanyi sanyi;
- jure wa wasu cututtuka da kuma irin kwari;
- m ƙanshi da kuma dadi caramel dandano na berries;
- amfani da kowane ɗayan duniya (yin amfani da shi, duk nau'in aiki);
- dacewa don namo masana'antu.
Rashin rashin amfani da "Shelves" sun hada da:
- da wuya a jure wa fari. Weight ne da sauri rasa, da kuma dandano na berries an rage;
- na buƙatar sabuntawa na saukowa;
- bushes bukatar m pruning saboda da sauri girma.
Bambanci daga wasu nau'o'in, rashin haɓaka ita ce matsanancin matsayi: Kodayake yanayin rayuwa na wani shrub yana da shekaru 4, ana iya tattara kyawawan amfanin gona da yawa daga ciki har kawai kawai.
Halaye na berries da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa
Babban amfani da iri-iri shine 'ya'yan itatuwa da nau'in haɗari waɗanda suke da kyau ga kowane lambu:
- A cikin siffar, Shelf Berry ne mai tsayi da gajere;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girka suna sayo launin launi mai launi, amma a mataki na cikakken balaga suna ja duhu;
- da murfin rufe shi ne m, densely an rufe da yawa, ba shuka sosai tsaba;
- ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai dadi kuma m, babu wani ɓoye. Yana da cikakken murjani mai launi a kusa da kewaye, kuma yana da haske mai duhu a cikin tsakiya;
- strawberry dandano ne mai dadi tare da dabara sourness da halayyar "caramel" bayanin kula a cikin aftertaste. Furocin da aka furta;
- nauyin berries yana dogara ne akan lokacin girbi: nauyin nauyin 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace na farko shine kimanin 50 g, na biyu shine kawai 20 g.
Ba za ka iya kiran iri-iri iri-iri ba: kawai 2-2.5 kilogiram na berries za a iya girbe daga mita ɗaya na shuka, duk da haka, Shelf ya ɗauki 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsayi a cikin yanayin ƙasa da kuma a cikin wani ganyayyaki.
Agrotechnics na girma da kula da strawberries
An yi la'akari da cewa "Shelf" yana da tsinkaye a cikin girma, amma don samun albarkatu masu kyau da kuma inganci, dole ne ka la'akari da wasu muhimman abubuwa na kulawa da iri-iri.
Gina "Shelf" a hanyoyi uku: tare da taimakon sayan seedlings, rabuffukan rabu, ko shuka iri (seedlings).
A cikin yanayinmu, ya fi dacewa mu koma ga ƙarshen, tun da ciyawa da yawa daga tsaba sukan ba da sakamako mai kyau:
- bushes girma da yawa mafi koshin lafiya, tare da mai kyau cuta juriya;
- Karin alamar yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa sunfi girma da yawa.
Zabi na seedlings
Kowane lambu ya san cewa akalla kashi 50 na nasara ya dogara ne da madaidaicin zabi na inganci:
- Ya kamata a sayi kayan shuka a koyaushe a ɗakunan ajiya na musamman inda za ku iya samun shawarwari kyauta na mai sayarwa kuma kuyi la'akari da kaya;
- Kunshin tare da kayan abu dole ne ya kasance cikakke, tare da kwanan wata kwanan wata.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙarƙashin tsaba, mafi girma za su ci gaba, don haka kada ku dauki wadanda za su ƙare.
Za a iya shirya tsaba don dasawa da kansa, babban abu shine aiwatar da wannan tsari daidai da umarni na musamman:
- dauka cikakke, wanke bishiya kuma yanke samansa;
- a kwantar da kwasfa a saman fatar jiki kuma saka shi a kan lokacin farin ciki, zane mai tsabta ko takardar takarda;
- sanya a bushe a cikin wani dumi, bushe wuri na 2-3 days;
- bayan ranar karewa, tofa kayan bushe a cikin dabino don cire tsaba;
- sanya seedlings cikin jaka (zai fi dacewa zane) domin kara ajiya.
Ya kamata ka tuna game da pre-magani na seedlings kafin shuka, wanda ya hada da:
- Jiƙa da tsaba. Shirye-shirye masu kyau "NV-101" ko "Zircon" sun dace da magudi.
- Stratification. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shi ne a shimfiɗa kayan da ake yi a kan takalmin auduga mai yatsa, ya rufe su tare da wannan fayafai a saman kuma sanya su a kan shiryayye na firiji don kwana 3.
Yanayin tsarewa
Don ƙwayawar shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, yawancin lokuta sukan zaɓi kwaskwarima na kwaskwarima na musamman, wanda aka fara cika tare da gurɓataccen amfani ta amfani da 1% potassium permanganate, sa'an nan kuma tam tamped kuma richly moistened.
An dasa hatsi a kan ƙasa tare da tweezers tare da nisa na 2 cm daga juna. Sa'an nan kuma an rufe akwatin tare da murfi tare da ramukan da yawa (don samun iska) kuma an sake samo shi a wuri mai dumi, an kare shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai zama wuri na kwantena da seedlings a yammacin gabas ko gabas.
Yana da muhimmanci! Strawberries ba su jure wa zaku ba, saboda haka mafi kyawun zaɓi don shuka su zai zama kwantena masu fadi, wanda baza ku buƙaci ƙarin juyawa zuwa cikin kwantena guda a nan gaba ba.
Kasar gona da taki
Zai yiwu a yi amfani da sayan tsaba da aka saya, kuma da kansa ya sanya haɗin ƙasa.
Don na farko zaɓi kana bukatar wadannan sinadaran:
- lowat peat - ¼;
- kogin yashi - ¼;
- sod sodiya - 2/4.
Hanya na biyu shine matsakaicin gida:
- kogin yashi - 1/5;
- vermicompost - 1/5;
- Peat - 3/5.
A wannan yanayin, ƙasa ya zama na al'ada ko kadan acidic, tare da halatta pH na ba kasa da 5.5. Ba a buƙatar takin mai magani a wannan mataki na dasa. 
Watering da danshi
Da farko, an samar da microclimate mai mahimmanci a cikin akwati, sabili da haka yana da wanda ba'a so ya buɗe murfin akwati. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tsaba basu buƙatar watering, suna da nauyin condensate don farfaɗa daga farfajiyar murfin.
Koyi yadda za a yi amfani da ruwa a lokacin da aka dasa shuki don samun girbi mai yawa, sau da yawa zuwa ruwa na ruwa.
Bayan fitowar harbe, dole ne a yi amfani da tanki a kowace rana kuma tabbatar da cewa kasar gona ba ta bushe ba. A yanayin yanayin da aka bushe, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire tare da rabuɗɗun ruwa, tofa su a tushe tare da sirin kwayoyi na musamman.
A nan gaba, ya kamata a yi gyaran hydration sau ɗaya a mako, da safe ko maraice. 
Abota da zafin jiki
Don samun mai yawa m harbe, rufe kwantena da tsaba ya kamata a kiyaye a cikin wani dumi daki, tare da iska zafin jiki daga +25 zuwa +27 digiri. Bayan ci gaban seedlings da kuma kawar da murfin, tsire-tsire za su iya bunkasa a ƙananan ƙananan zafin jiki (+20 digiri).
Kuma kafin zuwan saukowa a kasa, kimanin rana, ana kwance kwantena a cikin ɗaki mai dadi, tare da zafin jiki na iska na kimanin +15 digiri.
Sake bugun da dasa
Domin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire su yi girma sosai, suyi karfi, su yi girma zuwa girman girman su kuma su kasance a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, akalla watanni biyu dole ne su wuce daga lokacin shuka. 
Game da "Shelf", dole ne a gudanar da dasawa a lokacin karɓar haɓakar iska - a cikin shekaru uku na watan Agusta ko farkon watan Satumba, to, ƙananan za su iya gaggauta shirya wuri a sabon wuri kuma suna da lokaci don samun karfi ta sanyi.
Koyi game da siffofin dasa shuki strawberries a cikin fall da kuma bazara.
Bayani don saukowa da kulawa:
- kasar gona da za a sanya seedlings zai zama dan kadan acidic, da magungunan kwayoyin halitta (a cikin nauyin kilogiram na 5 na taki da mita daya);
- da nisa tsakanin seedlings ya zama akalla 35 cm, kuma a tsakanin layuka - 50 cm, tun da yake mummunan mummunan yanayin rinjaye su da kuma ci gaba na al'ada;
- da strawberry ba ya bukatar wani ƙarin goyon baya - da bushes za su tushe a ƙasa tare da tsarin ingantaccen tsarin, da kuma karfi stalk tare da yawa ganye zai samar a surface;
- a karo na farko ana gudanar da aikin ciyarwa a cikin bazara. Taki yana kunshe da karamin ma'adinai ko bayani na mullein. Yayin da ake farawa, dole ne a hadu da shuka tare da potassium nitrate, ƙwallon kaji ko itace ash;
- Dole ne a gudanar da watering ta hanyar rudar ruwa a mako-mako, farawa cikin tsakiyar Afrilu kuma ya ƙare a farkon watan Agusta. Don ƙasƙantar da hankali, yana da kyawawa don amfani da ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin farkon lokacin sanyi na farko, mai kula ya kamata ya yi tunani game da tserewa Shelves don hunturu. Kafin frosts, strawberries za su iya kare kansu tare da ganye maras nauyi, bayan - kariya zai dogara ne akan adadin hazo. Tare da ruwan sama mai nauyi, tsire-tsire zasu ɓoye kansu da babban dusar ƙanƙara, wanda zai samar da su da tsabtatacciyar sanyaya. A lokacin da bushe, iska weather ba tare da hazo, coniferous Pine rassan, bambaro da bushe ganye zai zama mai kyau zaɓi don tsari.
Kamar yadda aka gani a sama, baya ga girma daga tsaba, strawberries na iri-iri na "Shelf" za a iya yada su tare da taimakon whiskers (rassan bishiyoyi wanda aka kafa ganyayen ganye).
Domin samun kayan shuka mai dacewa, mai kula ya kamata ya zaɓi gashin-baki tare da wataƙƙar tabbaci mai ƙarfi a Yuli, zaɓar ɗayan da yake da lafiya a cikin jiki ba tare da wani pathologies ba. Bayan haka, dole ne a rabu da ƙuƙwalwar daga babban daji kuma sauko da wuri a cikin kwantena da aka shirya tare da matakan da ke kunshe da gonar lambu, yashi, peat da humus.
Lokacin da tushen farko ya bayyana a kan gashin gashin da aka dasa, ya kamata a yayyafa shi da damp earth. A kan zafi kwanaki, watering abu ne da za'ayi 2-3 sau a mako. Idan yanayi ya yi ruwan sama, don kauce wa karamin ƙasa, ya kamata a lalata ƙasa. Tuni watannin 2.5 bayan farkon girma, gashin da aka sare ya ba da girbi na farko. 
Matsalar girma da shawarwari
Bugu da ƙari, dokoki masu mahimmanci don dasa shuki "Shelves" a cikin ƙasa mai bude, mai kula da kayan lambu ya kamata ya koma zuwa ƙarin shawarwari domin ya kauce wa wasu matsalolin da ke hade da yanayin bambancin shuka a nan gaba:
- Pruning overgrown ganye da whiskers daga shrubs. Hanyar da ta dace za ta ba da dama ba kawai don kare tsire-tsire daga hare-haren kwari ba, amma har ma don samar da su da sanyi mai sanyi. Dole ne a yi amfani da shi a safiya ko da maraice, ta yin amfani da murya mai karfi domin magudi.
- Tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire yana kare furen fure daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa, kuma yana samar da tsari don tushen tsarin a cikin sanyi. Yayin da za'a iya amfani da humus, bambaro, takin ko man shanu, da magunguna maras kyau, dutse, filastik filayen ko takarda, wanda ba ya lalace kuma bai ƙunshi abubuwa masu launi ba, zai iya dacewa.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Abin takaici, iri-iri na "Shelf" ba a rarrabe shi ta hanyar rigakafi ta musamman ga cututtuka daban-daban da kuma hare-hare na kwari ba, don haka ma yana buƙatar rigakafi mai dacewa kuma, a wasu lokuta, magani. 
Yawancin cututtuka mafi yawan gaske "Shelves":
- fusarium da marigayi blight - cututtukan fungal marasa lafiya wanda ke nuna kansa kamar launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye da petioles, tare da gefuna na lakaran launi suna kunnen kai zuwa sama;
- launin toka halin da ake nunawa a fure-fure akan bayyanar launin ruwan kasa a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Yana faruwa ne saboda yawan ruwan sama sosai da sauri da sauri zuwa kasashen da ke kusa da ita. Anyi la'akari da cututtukan ne maras tabbas, bayan gano sakamakon farko na shuka ya kamata a lalata;
- fari ko launin ruwan kasa - cututtuka na fungal, ninkawa spores. Ganyayyaki suna bayyana fararen ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda a hankali ya haɗu, yana rufe dukkan fuskar. A sakamakon haka, leaf ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya mutu;
- powdery mildew - A cutar da ganye ya juya purple da curl cikin shambura, kuma farin plaque ya bayyana a kan surface. 'Ya'yan itãcen cututtukan da suka kamu da cuta sun zama maras kyau kuma an rufe su da furanni.
Daga cikin kwari da tsire-tsire waɗanda suke da sha'awar kai hare-haren strawberry suna da kyau: nematode, weevil, shaggy tagulla, strawberry da gizo-gizo mite, shuka amfani, bear, slugs da taba tafiye-tafiye.
Tsarin magunguna da warkewa:
- dace dasa shuki ga sabon wuri (akalla kowane shekaru hudu);
- kafin dasa shuki, maganin tushen tsarin tare da girma stimulator, da kuma kula da kasar gona tare da bayani na aidin.
- ƙasa mulching;
- kafin flowering, aiki berries Bordeaux ruwa (2-3%);
- dace trimming bushes daga wuce haddi whiskers da harbe;
- idan wani iri-iri ya lalace, kwari na strawberries za a iya fesa tare da bayani na bushe mustard, jiko na itace ash, a cakuda wormwood da taba, da tafarnuwa bayani.
Shin kuna sani? Strawberry ne kawai Berry a duniya, wanda aka shuka da shi a waje, ba cikin ciki. Suna samar da jikin mutum tare da tsarkakewa da sutura tare da ƙananan zaruruwa.
Daban iri-iri "Shelf" ba shine farkon da har ma mafi kyau a tsakanin sauran nau'o'in zamani ba. Duk da haka, masu aikin lambu ba su daina shuka shuki marar kyau a kowace shekara a cikin makircinsu, suna fatan samun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma daga shuka tare da dandano mai kyau na caramel.
Amsawa daga masu amfani da cibiyar sadarwa
