Shuka amfanin gona

Columney: kulawa da namo

Columney ya zo mana daga gandun daji na kasashen Latin da Amurka ta tsakiya (Colombia, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Bolivia), inda a cikin yanayin yanayi shi ne epiphyte (tsire-tsire masu tsayayye zuwa wasu tsire-tsire, sau da yawa - ga itatuwa).

A yankinmu, ana amfani da wannan fure a matsayin dakin gida wanda yayi kyau sosai, wani lokacin ana kiransa "kifi na zinariya". A wannan talifin zamu tattauna game da irin abubuwan da suka shafi gine-gine, ka'idojin namo da kulawa, da yadda za mu magance kwari da cututtuka na furanni na Latin Amurka.

Bayani

A lokacin ƙuruciyar, columney yana da harbe da aka tura zuwa sama. Yawancin lokaci, sun fara so, kamar yadda girman su ke karuwa. Wannan furen tsire-tsire ne mai bango, wanda ya zama mai banƙyama amma lambun dabba, yana da tsawon mita 10-12. Wadannan inabinsu suna rufe da kwanciyar hankali na ganyayyaki. Ganye na columney suna da siffar zuciya, an rufe shi da mai haske mai banƙyama, shafuka suna da ɗan kaifi. Tsawon ganye ya bambanta kuma a wasu lokuta zai iya kaiwa 12 cm Dukansu harbe da ganye na wannan fure an rufe su da fararen fata mai kyau.

Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun kawo furanni masu girma zuwa Turai a karni na 18.

Tsire-tsire yana da tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu ko farkon lokacin bazara, tun lokacin lokacin rani ya zo ƙasarta. Furen furanni suna da kyau sosai, halaye suna kama da orchids, zasu iya kai tsawon mita 5-7. Launi na furanni daban-daban: haske mai haske, mai duhu, ruwan hoda, da dai sauransu.

Muna ba da shawara ka fahimci irin wannan epiphytes: harlandia, guzmania, asplenium, miltassia, snepper venereal, platicerium da vriezii.

Popular nau'in

Akwai fiye da nau'i 200 na alamu, da yawa daga cikinsu sun ci gaba da girma a mazauninsu. Duk da haka, wasu nau'o'in furanni suna tsawo a fadin duniya kuma suna girma a matsayin dakin bishiyoyi a sararin samaniya, shimfidawa, kamar kayan ado a kan flowerbeds da cikin lambun.

Daya daga cikin shahararren shafuka suna Carnival. Wannan flower yana da ƙwayoyi masu yawa na kananan ƙananan, wanda aka rufe da mai haske da kuma karamin pubescence. Furen Carnival suna launin haske, amma a gefuna akwai burgundy edging.

Columney Allen Ya zo mana daga Panama. Wannan ƙasa, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Arewacin Amirka, ya kare kyakkyawar tsire-tsire a cikin lambunsa, ƙananan furanni suna da yawa (game da 8 cm) kuma suna da launin ja-orange. Ganye na wannan jinsin ne ƙananan, ellipsoid. Hanyoyin da ke nunawa ko ratayewa, wanda yawanci yake girma a cikin girman.

Columney Krakatau - watakila mafi yawan irin wannan shuka a kasarmu. Ya shayar da shayarwa musamman don girma da kulawa a gida. An cire Krakatau daga Columney Banks, wanda aka zaba wurin haifar da babbar ɓangare na Amurka ta kudu da tsakiyar Amurka. Krakatau ta sami sunansa don girmama tsaunin dutsen, wanda a lokacin fitowar ta samar da dukkan launukan da za'a iya gani a lokacin flowering na Columney Krakatau. Ganye na wannan furen yana da siffar ellipse elongated, a fentin shi a cikin duhu mai launi mai duhu. Wannan shuka blooms tare da rashin tsoro ja furanni, kai a tsawon 10-12 cm.

Bloumney jini ja Har ila yau, ya kasance mashawarcin masoya ga ƙananan tsire-tsire masu kyau na kasarmu. Wannan furen ya bambanta da takwarorinsa: yana da ƙananan ganye (har zuwa 30 cm), an kafa furanni a kungiyoyi kuma suna da haske mai launin launin fata, tsirrai mai tsawo (har zuwa mita 1.3). Sakamakon launin jini-gida suna dauke da yankunan tuddai na Antilles.

Columney Banks yana da tsaka-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsawo (tsawon tsawon mita 1). An rufe ganyayyaki ne tare da muryar waxy, mai zurfi yana da manyan launin ja. A furanni ne tubular, orange-ja-yellow, isa a tsawon 6 cm.

Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin hasken wuta ba zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa columney ba zai yi fure ba.

Gidajen gida Columni Shida su ne rainforests na Mexico. Shida yana da ƙananan furanni har tsawon mita 1.5. A flower ke tsiro a matsayin mai haske wakilin shrubs. Yana da ƙananan kwalliya, ƙananan, ƙananan ganye, wanda ƙananan ɓangarensa ya rufe shi da launi m. Shida na columney yana da kyau da kyau, yana da furanni masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, inuwa mai launin rawaya (kama da launi na cheetah). Daga wannan nau'i na flower, wasu nau'o'i sun samo asali, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin kayan ado da zane-zane.

Shuka da ƙasa

Ana iya sayan ƙasa don wannan injin ornamental a kowane kantin kayan ado. Idan ba ku da irin wannan dama, to, ku shirya shi da kanka: dauki kashi 50 cikin 100 na ƙasar sod, 25% na humus leaf, 12.5% ​​na takin da 12.5% ​​na gashin sphagnum da kananan sawdust. Wannan ba shine kawai haɗuwa da abun da ke ƙasa don yalwar kifi ba. Alal misali, maimakon takin za ku iya ƙara waƙar fata, kuma maimakon sawdust - vermiculite.

Tun da columney wani furanni ne tare da dogon tsalle-tsire, ya kamata a girma a cikin tukunya da ke rataye ko fure-fure a kan kara. Zabi wurin tanki mai zurfi sosai, amma a lokaci guda bai kamata zurfin zurfi ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin akwati don dasa shuki ba abu mai yawa ba, babban abu shine gaban ramuka a ƙasa don magudana ruwa mai yawa.

Girman Hispanic laya daga cuttings, kuma don tsire-tsire ya zama mai daɗi da ƙwalƙasa, a kalla 4 an sanya shuki a cikin tukunya ɗaya. Idan an dasa shuki guda ɗaya, sa'an nan kuma bayan dan lokaci ya bukaci yin ƙunci, don haka zaka taimaka wajen ci gaba da karin harbe. Kuma kar ka manta game da duk dokokin kulawa, in ba haka ba furen zai sami nauyin halayya mara kyau.

Yanayi

Don ci gaba na al'ada da flowering na columney, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau kuma lura da yawan zazzabi, haske da zafi.

Zazzabi

Harshen iska a cikin dakin inda furen yake kunshe zai dogara da yawa, ciki har da aikin lush Bloom. A lokacin dumi, flower yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsarin zafin jiki wanda zai bambanta daga 22 zuwa 28 ° C. Daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu (kimanin kwanaki 45-55), shafi ya kamata a cikin dakin da zafin jiki na + 12 ... +16 ° C. Wannan zafin jiki yana taimakawa wajen tsarin al'ada na samuwar buds.

Shin kuna sani? An ambaci Columney a matsayin dan asalin Italiyanci Fabio Colonna (a cikin Latin sunan sunansa na karshe shi ne "Columney"). Wannan sunan ya ba flower Carl Linnaeus.

Low yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu zai samar da matakan budding da lush blooms. Idan ka ci gaba da shuka a yanayin zafi mai ƙasa don ƙasa da kwanaki 40, to, za a iya jira jiragen da ake so na shuka ba. Lokacin da ƙananan ƙananan buds fara bayyana, dole ne a mayar da columney zuwa zafin jiki mai girma.

Haskewa

Mafi kyaun "zinariyafish" a gidanka zai zama windows na gabas ko yammacin shugabanci, inda yawan isasshen hasken lantarki zai fadi akan furen. Don sanya fure mai tsayi a arewacin gidan kada ya kasance, saboda hasken zai zo kadan, kuma columney shine tsinkar ƙarancin haske. Idan kun sanya tukunya a gefen kudancin gidan, sa'an nan a lokacin rani ya kamata a yi pritenyat, tun lokacin hasken rana zafi zafi zai iya haifar da konewa zuwa kananan ganye da kuma matasa harbe na columney. Tsakanin ranar marigayi da farkon Fabrairu, an fi "zinariyafish" mafi kyau a kudu ko kudu maso gabas. Idan akwai kadan hasken rana a cikin hunturu a yankinka, to lallai ya wajaba ya haskaka ginshiƙan ta hanyar farin ko hasken rana.

Air iska

Gidajen gida Kolumney sune jinsunan jinsunan Latin da Amurka ta tsakiya, inda babu wata hasken rana, amma "baƙi" masu yawa ne hazo. Saboda haka, a gida don wannan shuka kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar zafi mafi kyau. Ana bada shawarar yin furanni a kowace kwanaki 2-3 tare da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda zafin jiki zai zama + 20 ... +22 ° C. Har ila yau sau 1-2 a wata ya zama wajibi ne a zubar da ruwan sama a kan kambi na shuka tare da ruwa mai dumi, sa'an nan kuma ya bushe fure a cikin duhu.

Tun da yake a cikin yanayin dabbar da ke cikin mahaifa ba ta da sauran lokutan hutawa, don samar da shi a cikin wucin gadi, yana yiwuwa a kara yawan tsinkayen "kifi na zinariya". A cikin hunturu, ban da yanayin zafi kadan da rage hasken wuta, gwada kuma kula da matsanancin iska mai zafi. Anyi wannan don kwanaki 28-33. A wannan lokacin, wani fure na musamman yana sarrafawa don samar da adadin adadin flower buds.

Kiwo

Ana iya yaduwa a cikin hanyoyi biyu: cuttings da tsaba. Hanyar na biyu ita ce hanya mai rikitarwa kuma ba a yi amfani dashi ba daga mai son growers (a lokacin da ake yaduwa da tsaba, na musamman greenhouses da za a gina, wanda akai yawan zazzabi, zafi da hasken ana kiyaye). Ana amfani da yaduwar shuka ta masu sana'a masu sana'a wanda ke ci gaba da bunkasa sababbin sassan.

Koyi yadda za a farfaɗo da cuttings: fure, plumeria, chrysanthemums, clematis, giciye-duwatsu da sarauta geraniums.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kasar gona zazzabi don dasa shuki cuttings ya zama + 20 ... +25 ° C.

Rawanin kifi "zinariyafish" don farawa a tsakiyar ko marigayi Fabrairu. Don yin wannan, dauki matakai na harbe tare da tsawon 4-6 cm, wanda akwai 3-5 ganye. A cikin ƙarfin biyar na centimetric dasa 3-4 cuttings (zaka iya amfani da na'urar cassette da dasa a kan yanke). Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire yau da kullum, hasken da kuma kiyaye a zafin jiki na + 20 ... +22 ° C. Amma ƙananan yara ba su jure wa danshi (shi ya faru da ganye ya fara rot).

Majiyancin ganyayyaki an shirya su daga sassa uku na humus, kogin yashi da ƙasa. Bayan ƙananan yara sunyi tushe, suna buƙatar a sa su a cikin kwantena mafi girma. Shirya matakan a cikin hanya ɗaya, amma ƙara dan ƙaramin ƙasa. Hanyoyin suturawa wani tsari ne mai banƙyama, kuma bayan an shuka shuki, suna bukatar kulawa na musamman, wanda ke nufin ciyarwa, watering, hasken wuta, kiyaye yawan zafin jiki, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da cututtukan da aka sare ta amfani da takin mai magani mai ma'ana kowace mako don 2 -2.5 watanni, bayan abin da sake dashi zuwa cikin zurfi ganga.

Kula

Idan kana so mahadarka ta nuna duk mafi kyawun halaye masu ado, kana buƙatar kulawa da shi a dace da daidai.

Watering

Ruwa don shayar dakinka "mu'ujiza" yana buƙatar tace a lokacin rana. Zaka iya ɗaukar ruwa ta kai tsaye daga famfo, sa'an nan kuma bar shi a cikin wani wuri mai duhu don wani rana (a bude, don duk sunadarai da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa sun ƙafe). Ruwa da ruwa don ban ruwa ya zama + 20 ... +22 ° С. An ƙyale ƙaramar ƙimar wannan darajar, amma an hana shi yin amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa, yawan zafin jiki na sama da +30 ° C.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kasar gona a cikin akwati da flower ya kamata ya zama rigar rigaka, amma ba rigar (tuna cewa shafi ba ya nufin alakar shinkafa a kowace hanya kuma ba sa bukatar barin puddles kusa da tushen sa). Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe kaɗan, ana bukatar a sake shayar da fure. Zai fi dacewa don samar da ruwa mai yawa, amma tare da karamin ruwa. Kuna buƙatar tuna cewa yawancin shayarwa, da kuma rare, zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. Yawan sauyawa a cikin hunturu ya kamata a rage zuwa 1 lokaci a kowace mako.

Da takin mai magani da takin mai magani

A lokacin lokacin ci gaba, wanda yafi dacewa a kan lokacin bazara-rani, an shuka shi a kalla sau ɗaya kowace mako 2. Abincin takin mai magani, wanda za'a iya samuwa a kan ɗakunan ajiyar kayan shaguna, sun fi dacewa da kayan ado. Kwayoyi masu dacewa "Hertica" da kuma "Kemira Suite". Duk da haka, dole ayi la'akari da muhimmiyar mahimmanci: yin bayani, maida hankali shine sau 2 ba da wanda aka nuna a cikin umarnin.

Columney yana da bambanci daban-daban (a cikin ka'idar nazarin halittu) daga dukkanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuma idan an ciyar da shi bisa ga umarnin, toho zai ba da karfi, kuma hakan zai taimaka wajen dakatar da furanni.

Shin kuna sani? A wasu nau'o'in, harbe-harben columney zai iya kai tsawon mita 6-7.

Lokacin da shuka ke cikin hutawa, wanda yawanci yakan kasance daga ƙarshen Disamba zuwa tsakiyar Fabrairu, ba za a buƙaci karin abinci ba. A sauran lokutan, lokacin da fure yake a yanayin zafi, ya kamata a ciyar da shi fiye da sau ɗaya a wata.

Tashi

Kullun daji a kowace shekara (ga matasa shuke-shuke). Bayan shekaru 4-5, an shuka tsire-tsire kamar yadda ake buƙata (idan tushen sa zai sami sarari a cikin tanki na yanzu). Ana yin shinge nan da nan bayan ƙarshen tsari na flowering, kuma harbe suna da raguwa ƙwarai, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kamar yadda kayan dasa (yanke kananan cuttings). Ana yin shinge a cikin akwati da aka riga aka shirya tare da ƙasa, wanda ya hada da kwakwalwan kwakwa da sliced ​​sphagnum. A kasan tukunya dole ne a sanye shi da malalewa, kuma tukunya dole ne a sami ramuka a kasa don rage ruwa mai zurfi.

Cututtuka da kwari

Rashin iska a cikin dakin, har ma da tsananin zafi da iska da ƙasa zai iya haifar da launin toka a cikin shuka. Alamar farko ta wannan cuta ita ce m launin toka, wanda ke rufe ganye da harbe na columney. Don magance matsalar launin toka, dole ne ka farko cire wuraren da aka shafa, sa'annan ka bi da dukan shuka tare da Zuparen, Fundazol ko Topsin (amfani bisa ga umarnin don amfani). Wani lokaci "zinariyar zinari" zai iya shawo kan kwari, daya daga cikinsu whitefly. Wadannan kwari suna ƙananan ƙananan, suna zaune a bayan wani ganye kuma sukan tashi a kusa da wani furanni. Don magance kwari, kana buƙatar amfani da sunadarai na musamman ("Aktellik", "Akarin", "Fitoverm"), wanda ake gudanar da shi bisa ga umarnin sau 2-3 tare da wani lokaci na 3-4 days. Har ila yau, a kusa da shuka za ku iya rataya takarda.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ka shayar da injin tare da ruwan sanyi, to, spots zai fara samuwa akan shi.

Gizon gizo-gizo mai yiwuwa shine mafi munin kwaro na tsire-tsire na cikin gida, wanda zai iya jigilar shafi. Alamun farko na bayyanar tsuntsaye gizo-gizo suna ragowar rawaya a kan ganyayyaki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin da aka shafa sun fara fada ba tare da dadewa ba. Ya faru cewa a junction na ganye tare da tushe karamin yanar gizo ya bayyana, wanda kuma yana nuna alamar gizo-gizo mite. Don magance wannan kwayar ta yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Actellic". Amma kafin amfani da shi, dole ne a wanke fure a karkashin ruwa mai gudu. Idan m ba ya bar shuka, to, bayan mako guda dole a maimaita magani.

Idan ba ka taba shiga gonar kullun baya ba, to, bayanin da ke sama zai isa ka fara yin wannan sana'ar. Abu mafi muhimmanci - don biye da fasaha mai kyau na kulawa da shuka, da kyau na furen "kifi na zinariya" zai faranta maka rai akai-akai.