Yana da wuya a yi la'akari da akalla lambun daya inda itatuwan apple ba zasu yi girma ba. Idan kana so ka yi aikin lambu da kuma neman bayanai game da mafi yawan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, ba mu shawarce ka ka yi la'akari da zabin dasa itacen apple, "Tsarki ga masu rinjaye." Wannan iri-iri yana da ban sha'awa na dasa shuki lambu. Me yasa Karanta a kasa game da siffofi na 'ya'yan itacen apple "Girma ga Masu Nasara", bayanin irin iri-iri, da kuma abubuwan da yafi dacewa da rashin amfani.
Itacen itace "Tsarkin Mai Girma": Bayani na iri-iri
Apples "Tsarki ya tabbata ga masu rinjaye" fada cikin sassa biyu: rani ko marigayi rani iri, wannan halayyar zai dogara da wurin ci gaban itacen. Wannan itacen bishiya na da tsayi sosai, kambinsa yana da ƙananan nau'i ne tare da babban haɓakawa.
Familiarize kanka tare da subtleties na girma wasu irin apples: Rozhdestvenskoe, Ural Bulk, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Orlinka, Orlovim, Zvezdochka, Kandil Orlovsky, Ekranennaya, Antey, Antonovka , "Uralets", "Pepin Saffron", "Shugaba", "Champion", "Bashkir Beauty", "Berkutovskoe".
A cikin kananan bishiyoyi, manyan rassan sunyi girma, a kusurwa mai tsayi, ana iyaka iyakar zuwa sama. A cikin wasu 'ya'yan itace masu girma, suna raguwa zuwa tarnaƙi, suna da tsaka-tsalle da' ya'yan itace. Adult shuka kai zuwa tsawo na 2.5-3.5 m.
Kwayoyin wadannan itatuwan apple suna haske ne tare da tinge mai launin launin fata, wanda aka yi a cikin siffar da santsi. Kyakkyawan itace yana kallo a lokacin flowering. Furen furanni suna da ruwan hoda masu launi a launi, kuma buds suna jan.
Shin kuna sani? Apple "Tsarki ya tabbata ga masu rinjaye" ya bayyana a sakamakon hanyar tsallaka iri "Mac" da "Papirovka". Shekarar shekara ta 1928. Masu satar Lev Lev da Pavel Tsekhmistrenko suka kawo shi a cikin lambuna na lambun Mlievsky da kuma tashar gwaji na lambun. L. Michurina (a yau - Cibiyar Nazarin Pomology, L. P. Simirenko, Jami'ar Agrarian Sciences (Ukraine).
Abubuwan halayen 'apples' Glory to the Winners '' sun hada da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa. A cikin wannan nau'in suna zagaye, cikakke-nau'i a siffar, an samo su cikin rauni a cikin ɓangare na sama, wadanda ba a rike su ba. A girman - babba da matsakaici, nauyin ɗayan apple ya kai 125-180 g.
Don dandana - zaki da m, matsakaici-grained. Launi na 'ya'yan itace shi ne koren kore tare da jan ja ko duhu ja. Jiki shine haske mai launin rawaya, mai tsami, fata ne mai santsi. Domin saboda launin launi, juyayi da ƙanshin 'ya'yan apples na "Glory to Victors" akwai bukatar da ke tsakanin masu lambu, talakawa a kasuwanni da kuma manyan kantunan.
Girbi ya fara a ƙarshen Agusta - farkon watan Satumba. Da farko shi ne na yau da kullum, to, dangane da yankin ci gaba, an saita mita. Wannan iri-iri yana nuna matsayi na matsakaici da matsakaici: ƙirar mai shekaru 7-8 yana samar da apples apples of 10-18, mai shekaru 13-14 mai shekaru apple - 40-75 kg.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tun da tsire-tsire "Tsarkakewa ga Masu Nasara" ba su da amfani (saboda sakamakon kansu, kawai 4-8% na 'ya'yan itatuwa suna daura), wajibi ne a dasa bishiyoyi masu lalata a kusa. Sauran irin itatuwan apple, alal misali, Antonovka, Borovinka, Melba, Priam, Vadimovka, zasu taimakawa wajen yin zabe.
Abũbuwan amfãni da disadvantages na iri-iri
Ka yi la'akari da wadata da kwarewar "Glory ga Winners". Abubuwan da ke gaba ɗaya sun hada da:
- kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- barga fruiting;
- high sanyi juriya;
- matsakaici juriya zuwa powdery mildew da scab;
- high quality da transportability, juiciness da m 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- wani lokaci mai kyau na ripening (lokacin da iri iri sun riga otlodnosili, da kuma kaka - kawai a mataki na maturation).
Ana iya ƙididdige rashin amfani na iri-iri:
- rashin lafiya ta fari;
- Ƙunƙarar kambi mai tsanani da mai tsanani (wanda ke buƙatar karin karin lokacin da ya bar);
- rashin ƙarfi na riƙe cikakke 'ya'yan itace akan itacen;
- Rayayyun 'ya'yan itatuwa kaɗan (watanni 3-4 a firiji, watanni 1-1.5 a cikin cellar);
- rashin kanta.
Yadda za a shuka itacen apple
Don samun girbi mai kyau daga bishiya a nan gaba, dole ne a kula da zaɓin wuri don dasa shuki itace da abun da ke cikin ƙasa.
Inda tsire-tsire itacen zai yi girma mafi kyau, zaɓar wurin wurin itacen
Apple itace - hasken haskeSaboda haka, lokacin da zaɓar wani shafin don saukowa, wannan batun ya kamata a fara la'akari da shi.
Shin kuna sani? 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bambanta a launi dangane da adadin haske ya fadi a kansu. Don haka, apples da dan kadan ja gefen an haifi daga apple itatuwa, wanda sun fi yawa a cikin inuwa. Don bishiyoyi da ke girma a ƙarƙashin rana, 'ya'yan itatuwa za su kasance masu launin shuɗi tare da ja.
Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da yake shading itace, yana yiwuwa a rage sugar abun ciki na apples da wasu rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. "Girmama ga Masu cin nasara" kuma ba ya son ruwa mara kyau. Saboda haka, idan a cikin lambun ka akwai ambaliya, ana iya dasa wannan nau'in a cikin ƙasa tare da malalewa ko a sama. Har ila yau kana buƙatar duba matakin ruwan teku, kada ya fi yadda ya wuce 2-2.5 m.
Zaɓi na ƙasa don apple iri "Tsarkin yabo ga masu cin nasara"
Don dasa shuki apple loamy da yashi kasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity (PH 5.6-6.0) dace. Idan ka shirya shuka wannan 'ya'yan itace a kan ƙasa mai yashi, to, wannan zai yiwu tare da taki na yau da kullum.
A makirci na dasa apple seedlings
Tsarin bishiyoyi "Girman Mai Girma ga Masu Cin nasara" za a iya dasa su a cikin bazara da kuma bazara, kuma bayan zabar wurin da za ta dasa itace, kana buƙatar halarci zaɓin tsire-tsire mai kyau. Akwai buƙatu masu yawa a gare su: dole ne su sami tsari mai mahimmanci da tushen rayuwa, maganin alurar riga kafi, mai karfi, cike da haushi.
Tsawon da ake bukata na seedling shi ne 1.5 m Ya kamata kuma da dama rassan. Zai fi kyau a zabi 'yan shekaru biyu - itacen da ke tsiro daga gare shi zai fara bada' ya'ya a baya. Daga shuke-shuke da aka dasa a cikin kaka, an cire dukkan ganye. Har ila yau tsaftace 90% na foliage a cikin seedlings tare da danda rhizome.
Yawancin lokaci an sayar da sutura tare da tushen asali ko a cikin fure-fure. A nan zaɓinku zai dogara ne akan yadda zaran ku daina sauke shi. Idan ba nan da nan, yana da kyau a zabi zaɓi a cikin tukunya.
An shirya rami mai saukowa gaba - a kalla kwana bakwai a gaba. To sigogi: nisa da tsawon - 70 cm; zurfin - 1 m (dangane da tsawon tushen tsarin). A gefen kudancin za ku iya sanya gungumen azaba don garkuwa da matashi.
Ƙasa mai kyau tare da takin gargajiya yana zuba a kasa na rami, kuma ash ko humus za'a iya hade. Ana cire shi zuwa cikin tsakiyar rami, da hannu ya yada asalinsu kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa tushen ba sa lanƙwasa kuma wuyansa na wuyansa yana shuruwa 5-7 cm daga ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da dasa bishiyar apple daga akwati, ba lallai ba ne don halakar dakin ɗakin. Saboda haka tsire-tsire za ta dauki tushen sauri a filin bude.
Ƙasa mai sauƙi. Dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire itacen apple da aka yi amfani da ita ta hanyar amfani da guga na ruwa. Za ka iya ciyar da mulching - bambaro, peat ko humus. Idan ana dasa bishiyoyi da dama, to, nisa tsakanin seedlings ya zama akalla 4 m, tsakanin layuka - 3 m.
Yadda za a kula da itacen apple
Yarin matasan har zuwa shekaru uku yana buƙatar yin amfani da ruwa da lalatawa akai-akai a ɓangaren ɓangaren weeds. Ƙunuka da suka fi karfi da kuma karfi zasu buƙaci sassauta ƙasa, takin gargajiya, pruning, m jiyya daga kwari da cututtuka.
Watering
Kodayake "Girma ga Masu Nasara" zai iya jurewa da rashin ruwa mai tsanani, yana da muhimmanci a hana ƙasa daga bushewa. A cikin shekarar farko, an dasa itacen apple ne sau 3-4 sau 30-40 lita kowace ganga. A lokacin rani, an yi amfani da itatuwan ruwa sau 5-6 a kowace kakar, ta yin amfani da lita 30-50 na ruwa da ganga. Tabbatar moisten kasar gona:
- lokacin flowering;
- kafin kafa ovaries;
- 15-20 days kafin cikakken ripening.
Top dressing da kula da ƙasa
Wannan itacen yana girma sosai kuma yana da 'ya'ya, ta Dole a rika yin takin takaddama akai. Ana iya amfani da takin mai magani na farko a cikin watan Mayu na farkon shekarar rayuwa (3 kilogiram na ammonium nitrate / 1 saƙa; 5 kg na ammonium sulfate / 1 saƙa).
Na biyu an saka shi a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Idan a cikin shekarar farko sapling yayi girma sosai da sauri, to, a cikin shekara ta zama wajibi ne don ci gaba da ciyarwa - a farkon watan Mayu. Don tayar da haihuwa, ana gabatar da samfurin nitrogen.
Ana yin safiyar kayan ado tare da phosphorus da gishiri potassium a cikin tsaunuka tare da zurfin 40 cm a kusa da shinge. Har ila yau, yi amfani da taki taki a cikin nau'i da takin gargajiya.
Don hana cutar a farkon shekarun, ana saran itacen apple. Anyi jiyya tare da sunadarai nan da nan bayan flowering (zaka iya amfani da cakuda "Aktara" da "Horus"), a lokacin budding ("Angio" da "Horus").
Kula da ƙasa ta ƙunshi kullun bishiyoyi (dole bayan ban ruwa), cire weeds, daɗa ƙasa kafin zuwan sanyi da kuma cike da humus, peat, takin.
Ƙaddamarwar Crown
Tsarin bishiyoyi suna samar da kambi da ake buƙata a shekara. Ana lura cewa ana tsinkaye itatuwan apple tare da kambi mai kyau wanda ya dace da wuri da yawancin 'ya'yan itace, mafi girma sanyi da damuwa.
Proper pruning taimaka samun ƙarin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana iya yin shi a spring ko kaka. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a gudanar da fasalin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da yawa.
Ana yin pruning na farko a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwar itace, kafin farkon kakar girma. A nan ya kamata ka kasance mai hankali kada ka yanke rassan 'ya'yan itace.
Tabbatar cire kayan harbi na tsaye - wannan ba zai bada izinin itacen yayi girma cikin sauri ba kuma zai kara da samuwar gefen harbe. A cikin bazara, ci gaba na bara a kan rassan an yanke zuwa 1/3. Ƙananan rassan, musamman ma wadanda suke kwance a ƙasa, suna ƙarƙashin wajabcin pruning. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar fitar da ovary da 'ya'yan itace.
Sake bugun apple iri "Tsarkin Mai Girma"
Don sake sake itacen bishiya ko don adana iri iri, masu lambu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna da damar haifar da itace. Itacen bishiya ya yadu cikin hanyoyi guda hudu: iri, yankan, lada da idanu. Bari muyi kokarin gano mafi sauki kuma mafi muni, yana bayyana hanya ga kowannensu daki-daki.
Tsaba
Wataƙila mafi yawan aiki da wahala shine tafarkin iri, saboda ana amfani da tsaba ta hannun - don canja wurin pollen daga itace zuwa wani. Sabili da haka, ana gudanar da wannan tsari ta hanyar masu shayarwa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanya ta zama sau da yawa m daga farko.
Cuttings
Yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙa da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-itacen, wanda zai iya zama mafi yawancin lambu Girbin girbi yana faruwa a Fabrairu-Maris, kafin a cire ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ko kuma lokacin kaka, bayan ciyayi. An yanke su zuwa 18-20 cm An cire kayan lambu daga ƙananan sassa.
Har ila yau, tsabtace na wuce kima ganye. A lokacin da aka dasa, ba a rufe kayan da ke cikin ƙasa ba - by 2-3 cm. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a yau da kullum kuma yana cike da humus. A lokacin rani, ya kamata su yi girma da tsire-tsire da za a iya dasawa zuwa wuri mai dindindin.
Shiryawa
Don samun layering yana buƙatar ƙananan bishiyoyi, wanda pre-dasa obliquely. A lokacin bazara, waɗannan rassan da za su taɓa ko kwance a kasa, an rutsa su ƙasa ko an kara su a cikin sau ɗaya. Ganye, wanda dole ne ya yi girma daga buds, zai buƙaci sau da yawa a lokacin rani, to, seedlings da tushen zasu bayyana a cikin fall. Lokacin bazara, an yanke su kuma an dasa su a bude ƙasa a wuri mai dindindin.
Don samun layering da girma bishiyoyi apple, yi amfani da hanya na iska rooting. Wannan hanya ba ta da wahala sosai fiye da sauran. An ƙaddamar da rassan rassan girma don ita. A nesa na 10 cm daga saman reshe, an yanke ƙahon murmushi na 3 cm kuma an kashe shi, ko kuma an yi wani abu mai zurfi a cikin dukan radius.
Anyi amfani da wannan wuri tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi don motsa tushen kafa, misali, "Kornevin". Sa'an nan kuma kunsa shi tare da gansuka da filastik kunsa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwalban gilashi mai laushi da cakudaccen ƙasa wanda aka gyara a kan shoot. A cikin fall, dole ne a ci gaba da shuka daga tushen lalacewa, wanda dole ne a rabu da ita daga bishiyar bishiya kuma a dasa shi a cikin tarin da aka ajiye don hunturu.
Da idanu
A lokacin da kiwo tare da idanu a kan kuka da rootstock tare da wuka, an sanya T-dimbin yawa incision. A gefen haushi an juya zuwa ga sassan har sai an bayyana itace. An raba sashi daga rassan varietal da aka girbe a cikin incision, wanda koda tare da wani ɓangare na haushi da kuma hakar petiole 1.5 cm an gano. A lokaci guda, koda dole ne a bude.
Wannan hanya ya fi kyau. da safe ko da maraice a cikin yanayin rashin iska. Makonni biyu baya, duba ko ido ya kama. Idan yana da sabo ne da kore a launi, to, hanya ta ci nasara.
Itacen Apple "Girmama ga Masu Nasara": shiri don hunturu
Kodayake itacen bishiya na wannan nau'in ya kasance bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire, sun kasance a shirye don hunturu. Na farko, an ƙasa ƙasa a cikin maɓallin kusa da kusa. Ana iya yin hakan tare da taimakon humus doki (5 cm Layer) ko peat.
Har ila yau, hawan bishiyoyi, musamman ma matasa (har zuwa shekaru 5), dole ne a kiyaye su daga rodents da kwari. A saboda wannan dalili, fararen kullun, ƙananan tarbiyoyi, fararfan fir, da sauran kayayyakin da suke amfani da shi a cikin yumbu da iska.
Idan ka gudanar da dasa itacen apple, "Tsarki ya tabbata ga masu cin nasara", bin duk shawarwarin da za a dasa da kulawa, zai yi farin ciki da kai har shekaru masu yawa tare da karbar kyawawan kayan dadi mai ƙanshi. 'Ya'yanta sun dace ba kawai a cikin sabon nau'i, amma har ma a cikin tsari - a cikin nau'i na jam, compote, ruwan' ya'yan itace, jam.
