A cikin latitudes, broccoli ya fara dasawa kuma ya ci ba haka ba da dadewa. Duk da haka, wannan kayan lambu yana samun karɓuwa a hanzari, wadda take da amfani, dandano da ƙananan calorie.
Don amfaninta, zaka iya ƙara ma sauƙi cikin kulawa. Bari mu kwatanta irin yadda ake girma broccoli a gonar.
Bambancin zaɓi
Broccoli wani kayan lambu ne na iyalin kabeji, shi ne irin lambun lambu. An kuma kira shi kabeji asparagus. Sakamakon shuka ya kai kimanin 60-90 cm A ƙarshensa, an kafa magungunan flower.
Akwai mai yawa iri iri iri. Duba wasu daga cikinsu: Kohlrabi, Beijing, launi, Brussels, Savoy, Kale.
Ana amfani da kayan lambu don amfanin ɗan adam - kamar farin kabeji, broccoli a amfani da kayan lambu ba ganye, amma unblown inflorescences. Suna cinye cikakke a salads, Boiled, Fried, steamed, kara da farko darussa, omelets, pies. Broccoli yana da kyau tare da nama, kifi, namomin kaza, da wasu kayan lambu.
Lokacin da girma kayan lambu ba dole ba ne. Tsayayya da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ƙananan yanayi, yanayin sanyi. A yau, fiye da nau'o'in 200 da kuma hybrids na bishiyar asparagus an bred, daga cikinsu akwai farkon-ripening, tsakiyar ripening da marigayi-ripening. Za mu gaya maka game da nau'in albarkatun 10 mafi girma a tsakiyar band.
- Iri iri "Tonus". Early, lokacin tsufa - 80-90 days. Its inflorescences ne na matsakaici yawa. Shugabannin sun isa taro na 200 g. Dabbobi suna da kyau ga salads da canning. Ba dace da ajiya na dogon lokaci ba. Kayan lambu a hankali yana jure yanayin zafi, tsayayya ga cutar.
- Saka "Fiesta". Ya yi digiri tare da azumin gaggawa na maturing - matures a cikin kwanaki 70. Hakan ya kafa daya, yana kimanin 300 g. Ba kamar wasu nau'un ba, "Fiesta" ba ya haifar da rassan gefen. Tsarin yana da dadi sosai kuma m.
Yana da muhimmanci! Za'a iya adana nau'o'in broccoli na farko da ba su wuce makonni biyu ba a firiji. Idan ka ci kayan lambu bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, za a iya guba guba..
- Linda "Linda".Da farko cikakke matasan wanda tsawon maturing sa 75-80 days. Shugabannin wannan nau'i suna da yawa - 350-400 g kowace. Ƙananan abubuwa suna da taushi, mai kyau don amfani da sabon amfani.
- Bambanci "Dwarf". Tsakanin tsakiyar, lokacin tsufa yana kwanaki 120. Lokacin saukowa shine tsakiyar watan Mayu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba: manyan suna da matsakaicin nauyin 400-600 g, a kaikaice - 200 g. Ya dace don ajiya na tsawon lokaci (kimanin wata ɗaya) da kuma canning.
- Bambancin "Vyarus". Yana balaga cikin sauri a cikin kwanaki 50 kawai. Matsakanin nauyin nauyin nauyin 300-350 g. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da nauyin yawa. Bayan tsabtatawa babban kai girma zuwa rassan gefen bakwai. Za'a iya shuka duka a lokacin rani da kuma kaka.
- Bambanci "Comanche". Shirye ku ci watanni uku bayan dasa. Girman kai suna da girma - har zuwa 300-350 g. An bambanta su ta hanyar karuwa mai yawa da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin sufuri. Bambancin jure yanayin sanyi da zafi.
- Bambancin "Arcadia F1". Farkon matasan. Nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i na kai, dandano mai kyau. A matasan yana halin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau da jure yanayin yanayin zafi.
- Bambanci "Monterey F1". Matasan tsakiyar shekaru. Forms babban manya - har zuwa 2 kg, amma kawai main, ba ya ba gefen rassan. Hybrid sanyi resistant.
- Bambanci "Calabrese". Yana nufin saurin yanayi. Forms mai girma, babban kai - har zuwa 400 g, wanda ya dace da daskarewa da marinating.
- Bambanci "Corvette". Matasan dake da mafi girma na ripening shi ne watanni biyu. Forms manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa. Bayan yanke babban kai yana ba da matakai mai yawa. Tsayayya da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Ana iya cin kayan lambu da kuma daskararre don amfani a cikin hunturu.
Shin kuna sani? Broccoli wani abinci ne na calorie mara kyau. Wannan na nufin jiki yana ciyar da makamashi fiye da yadda yake karban shi saboda sakamakon cin shi. 100 g na kabeji ya ƙunshi 30 kcal.
Shuka broccoli seedlings
Bayan zabar nau'i na broccoli, kana buƙatar kula da yadda ya dace da dasawa da kulawa a fili. Shuka kayan lambu a hanyoyi biyu:
- rassadnym;
- bezrassadnym.
Mafi kyawun lokaci
Mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa bishiyoyin broccoli don seedlings shine farkon rabin Maris. Ya kamata a dasa sprouts a cikin ƙasa a cikin shekaru 30-45, wato a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Daga marigayi Afrilu-farkon watan Mayu, ana iya dasa kabeji a cikin hanya marasa iri. 
Ƙasa da damar yin amfani da seedlings
Don shuka tsaba zai buƙaci akwatin da tsawo na akalla 25 cm Dole ne a rufe kasansa da wani ma'auni na malalewa. An shirya madara don dasa shuki daga waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa:
- turf ƙasa;
- yashi;
- humus;
- ash.
Tsarin shirye
Kafin shuka broccoli don seedlings, dole ne a ware jinsin kuma a jefar da su. Mafi yawan waɗanda aka zaba don shuka. Ana sanya su na minti 15-20 a cikin ruwan zafi. Bayan wannan lokaci, ana shuka tsaba a ruwan sanyi. 
Bayan wannan hanya, za a sanya iri don tsawon sa'o'i 12 a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Epin." Sa'an nan kuma kurkura da ruwa, bushe kuma aika zuwa firiji don rana.
Wata hanya don shirya tsaba shine saka potassium a cikin bayani don rabin sa'a, kurkura da ruwa, kuma bi da Albit, Agat-21, El-1 ko wasu shirye-shirye kamar su a cikin aikin.
Shin kuna sani? An yi imani cewa broccoli ba ta taɓa girma a cikin daji ba. An samo shi sakamakon sakamakon samfur. Girma a cikin VI-V ƙarni BC. er a cikin Rum. A duk faɗin duniya, kayan lambu sun fara yadawa kawai 'yan ƙarni kaɗan.
Shuka tsaba don seedlings
Kafin shuka amfanin gona ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai. Don tsaba, sa ramuka 1-1.5 cm mai zurfi, ajiye nesa na 3 cm tsakanin su.A sa tsaba a cikin rijiyoyi kuma yayyafa su da ƙasa, sa'annan an tamped.
Tsarin yanayi
A cikin dakin inda seedlings ke cigaba, za'a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 20 ° C. Bayan na farko harbe bayyana, zazzabi ana sauke zuwa + 10 ° C. Sa'an nan kuma suna bin yanayin yanayin zafin jiki: idan yanayin ya bushe, to, alamar akan ma'aunin zafi ya kamata a + 16 ° C, idan babu rana - + 14 ° C. 
Har ila yau, don mai kyau da azumi germination na seedlings, high zafi wajibi ne - ba kasa da 70% da na yau da kullum, amma ba yawan watering. A ƙasa dole ne kullum m, amma ba flooded, in ba haka ba seedlings iya buga cutar blackleg.
Tsarin kulawa
A makonni biyu da haihuwa, seedlings zasu buƙaci nutsewa. Don yin wannan, amfani da kofuna waɗanda za a iya zubar da su ko tukunya. Zaɓin na ƙarshe shine mafi kyau, tun a cikin tukwane na peat, za'a iya dasa seedlings a wuri mai bude.
Bayan ƙaddamarwa, za a buƙaci seedlings don kwana da yawa daga rana kuma a cikin ɗaki da zafin jiki na 21 ° C.
Bayan da tsire-tsire sunyi tushe, za a saukar da zazzabi rana zuwa 17 ° C, da kuma dare zuwa 9 ° C. 
Hardening seedlings
Domin tsire-tsire za ta yi karfi da kuma samun kariya mai kyau, za a buƙatar ƙwayoyin su zama taurare, farawa makonni biyu kafin lokacin da ya kwashe su zuwa wuri na dindindin. Don lokuta da dama a rana, ana gudanar da tsirrai akan titi ko filin baranda. Kowace rana yana ƙaruwa lokaci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tun daga Afrilu, ana iya girma a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin murfin da ba a saka ba da filastik. Sprouts za su iya tsayayya da guguwa zuwa -7 ° C. Abun da ba a saka ba zai kare su daga mamayewa daga ƙuma.
Dasa seedlings a bude ƙasa
Matasa zasu buƙaci a canza su zuwa wuri na dindindin, daidai lokacin lissafin lokaci da zaɓar wuri.
Mafi kyawun lokaci
Seedlings ya zama 30-45 days old da kuma samun 4-5 cikakken ganye, da kyau asalinsu. Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da ya shirya don motsawa zuwa wuri na dindindin zai fara a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Duk da haka, duk abin zai dogara ne akan yanayin yanayi. Idan yanayi mai dumi bai riga ya sami cikakke ba, kuma an yi sanyi a cikin dare, don a guje wa sakamakon da ba'a so ba, sai a dakatar da tsire-tsire. 
Zaɓin wuri: haske, ƙasa, magabata
Broccoli yana son rana, don haka don saukowa ya zaɓi wani wuri mai haske, wanda aka ƙi daga iskõki.
Yana da kyau a kula da kayan aikin ƙasa a gaba. A cikin kaka, ƙwayoyin katako, manya, potassium nitrate da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'i na naman alade an gabatar da su a cikin wani wuri na noma mai girma na broccoli. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, to a cikin bazara, an kara humus (1 guga / 1 sq. M), superphosphate (2 tablespoons), urea (1 teaspoon) da ash (2 kofuna waɗanda) a kowane rami mai sauko, tare da su tare da ƙasa. 
Ga kowane kabeji, da kuma broccoli ba banda bane, yana da muhimmanci a zabi wuri tare da masu dacewa daidai don hana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar cututtuka da kwari. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- karas;
- dankali;
- yankuna.
- legumes;
- cucumbers;
- albasa;
- hatsi.
- kabeji;
- radishes;
- tumatir;
- turnips;
- beets.
Sanya mafi kyau
Yana da kyawawa don dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa ba tare da hasken rana a waje - a cikin hadari ba ko da yamma. Sanya mafi kyau mafi kyau shine sau 35x60.
Kwayoyin ba sa zurfafawa - kawai zuwa leaflet farko, kimanin 1 cm Mai kyau watering na dasa, yana da kyawawa don ciyawa ƙasa - wannan zai adana ya kamata inji da kuma kare ƙasa daga weeds.
Kula da broccoli a filin bude
Kulawa na Broccoli zai zama gargajiya, kamar kowane kayan lambu. Daga cikin ayyukan ya zama na yau da kullum watering, loosening, tsabtatawa weeds, hilling bushes, fertilizing da m matakan da cututtuka da kuma parasites.
Watering, weeding da loosening
Bishiyar asparagus kabeji ne mai dadi sosai. An shawarci yin ruwa da shi a kalla sau ɗaya kowace kwana bakwai, amma nauyin farashin zai zama watering a cikin kwanaki 2-3. Zai fi kyau a yi haka da yamma, don haka kada ku tsokana konewa. A cikin yanayin zafi, yawan rani na ban ruwa ya kamata a rage shi sau biyu a rana. Spraying zai kasance mai taimako.
Dole ne ku tabbatar cewa zurfin zurfin zurfin 15 cm ba bushe ba. Kowane watering ya kamata faruwa a lokaci ɗaya tare da loosening na kasar gona. Sanin zurfin - 8 cm.
Idan ƙasa ba ta cike ba, to, weeding ya kamata a hada shi a cikin ayyukan yau da kullum. Don halakar da weeds kamata ya kasance kusa da shugaban kabeji, kuma a kusanci. 
Hilling bushes
Bayan kwanaki 20 bayan an shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa, an yi amfani da broccoli. Ana gudanar da Hilling lokaci ɗaya tare da sassauta ƙasa.
Za a buƙaci karo na biyu bayan da kwanaki 10. Wannan hanya zai taimaka wajen samar da matakai mafi yawa.
Amfani
Asiri don samun girbi mai kyau da kuma manyan kawuna na yaudara ne a yau da kullum.
Game da makonni 3-4 bayan dasa, lokacin da aka riga an kafa kayan lambu, lokaci ya yi don amfani da taki farko. A karo na farko ya fi kyau takin da kwayoyin halitta. Dabbar dabbar ta dace (kashi daya da lita 10 na ruwa) ko kaza (1:20).
Ana ciyar da abinci na biyu bayan makonni biyu. Na uku an yi a lokacin da aka samu inflorescences. Aiwatar da bayani a cikin lita 10 na ruwa superphosphate (40 g), sodium ammonium (20 g), potassium sulfate (10 g). 
A cikin irin wadannan nau'o'in inda harbe zai iya samarwa bayan yanke babban kai, za a iya bunkasa girma ta hanyar ciyar da shuka tare da potassium sulfate (30 g), superphosphate (20 g), da kuma ammonium nitrate (10 g) a cikin 10 na ruwa.
Har ila yau yana da kyau a lokaci guda turbaya da shuka tare da itace ash. Wannan hanya zai sami sakamako guda biyu: zai kasance mai taki kuma zai kare kan kwari.
Yin rigakafi
Kamar kowane kabeji, broccoli na da yawa abokan gaba a cikin nau'i na pathogens da karin kwari.
Mafi yawan kwayar cutar ita ce. Don hana shi, wajibi ne a bi shawarwarin akan juyowan amfanin gona da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a lokacin dasa - kada a girbe kayan lambu. Kuna buƙatar shuka dankali, tumatir, barkono, tafarnuwa, eggplants a nan kusa.
Matasan shuke-shuke zasu iya buga ƙwayar baki. Don rigakafin, ana bi da su tare da "Fitosporin", "Baktofit" da sauran kwayoyi masu kama da juna. 
Har ila yau, broccoli na iya shawo kan musawwal da slimy bacteriosis. Wajibi ne don disinfect da tsaba kafin dasa. Lokacin da powdery mildew zai taimaka itace ash, cakuda lemun tsami da sulfur, da magani "Topaz".
Don kauce wa lalacewa da lilin, yi amfani da samfurori masu dauke da tagulla.
Daga cikin hatsari mafi haɗari sune gwiwar cruciferous, wanda zai iya lalata tsire-tsire matasa. Don hana haɗuwa da su, dole ne a rufe layin da ba a saka ba. Zaka kuma iya yayyafa ƙasa a kusa da bishiyar asparagus tare da ash, taba taba, barkono, don tsoratar da kwari. Zaka iya amfani da infusion na ruwa daga cikin wadannan kwari. Har ila yau, kafin kafawar inflorescences, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da shirin "Iskra", "Aktellik", "Foxima". 
Broccoli na iya kai hari kan slugs. Don haka ba zasu cutar da shuka ba, kana buƙatar yanka kayan ƙwai da kuma watsa shi a tsakanin tsirrai.
Ana iya hana bayyanar aphids ta spraying infusions daga shuke-shuke insecticidal, alal misali, dankalin turawa, tare da cakuda ash da-sabulu. Idan aka samu nasara sosai, sai su nemi magani daga "Aktellik" da "Iskra-bio".
Tsarin kabeji zai tashi idan Corsair, Ambush, Rovikurt ke sarrafawa.
Girbi da ajiyar amfanin gona
2-3 watanni bayan dasa (kalma ya dogara da nau'o'in da aka zaba), bishiyar asparagus yayi siffar siffofin inflorescence. Lokacin da suke maturation yana da matukar hanzari - a cikin kwanaki 2-3 zasu bukaci a yanke su don kada suyi girma.
Bayan ya yanke babban kai a cikin 'yan kwanakin, ƙananan matakai za su yi girma, wanda kuma zai iya zama. Zai fi kyau a kashe cututtuka a cikin safiya. 
Lokacin ajiya na broccoli zai dogara ne akan iri-iri. Sabbin iri ba su dace da ajiyar lokaci ba. Ana iya adana su har tsawon kwanaki 7-10 a firiji.
Ana iya adana adadin farawa da marigayi iri-iri da aka tattara a cikin bazara - kimanin watanni uku a cikin cellar ko cikin firiji.
Don ajiye amfanin gona a cikin hunturu, zai buƙaci a daskarewa. Frozen broccoli ba zai rasa da amfani halaye.
Shin kuna sani? Broccoli ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin C - 89.2 MG da 100 g, wanda shine 90% na yau da kullum da ake bukata ga jiki. Duk da haka, idan aka adana kayan lambu ba tare da firiji don kwanakin da yawa ba, yawan adadin ascorbic acid ya tsayar.Tsarin broccoli yana da sauqi sosai, babu buƙatar da ake bukata. Tare da zabi mai kyau na iri, biyan kuɗi tare da matakan tsirrai da aka tsara a cikin watanni 2-3 bayan dasa, kayan lafiya, dadi da ƙananan calori zasu kasance a kan teburin ku.
